Lihat sumber Douglas Engelbart

[[File:Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Douglas Engelbart in 2008]]

'''Dr. Douglas C. Engelbart''' () adalah seorang pionir di bidang interaksi antarmuka komputer yang mengembangkan konsep [[hiperteks]] serta menemukan [[tetikus]] komputer.

== Pendidikan ==
Engelbart menyelesaikan studi S1 di bidang teknik elektro di [[Oregon State University]] pada tahun 1948, program master dari UC Berkeley pada tahun 1953, dan [[Ph.D.]] dari [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] pada tahun 1955.

== Karier ==
Selama [[PD II]], Douglas bergabung dengan Angkatan Laut [[Amerika Serikat]] sebagai teknisi elektronik. Selanjutnya Douglas bekerja di [[NASA]] pada divisi Ames Research Laboratory. Setelah meraih Ph.D., Douglas melanjutkan karier sebagai peneliti di [[Stanford Research Institute]], di lembaga inilah Douglas menjadi pionir dalam pengembangan berbagai komponen komputer, termasuk tetikus.

Pada 1970 hingga 1980-an, Douglas menjadi peneliti senior di Tymshare Inc. Pada [[1989]], Douglas mendirikan The Bootstrap Institute, yang menjadi pusat pengembangan teknologi jaringan komputer yang berperan dalam kemajuan teknologi [[internet]].

== Kehidupan pribadi ==
Dari istri pertama bernama Ballard yang dinikahinya selama 47 tahun dan meninggal dunia tahun 1997, Engelbart mendapat empat anak: Gerda, Diana, Christina, dan Norman. Engelbart menikah lagi pada 26 Januari 2008 dengan penulis/produser bernama Karen O'Leary Engelbart.<ref>[http://dougengelbart.org/events/celebrating-dougs-85th-birthday.html Celebrating Doug's 85th Birthday]. The Doug Engelbart Institute.</ref><ref>[http://karenengelbart.com/ Karen O'Leary, Palo Alto, Writer and Producer]. Karen O'Leary Englebart.</ref> Peringatan ulang tahun ke-85 diadakan di [[The Tech Museum of Innovation]].<ref>''Legends and Beginners of Science''. ''The San Jose Mercury News''. 2010-01-31.</ref> Engelbart didiagnosis menderita [[Alzheimer]] pada tahun 2007<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/131/000026053 Doug Engelbart]. NNDB.</ref><ref>[http://www.dougengelbart.org/history/engelbart.html A Lifetime Persuit]. Doug Engelbart Institute.</ref> Engelbart, 88 tahun, meninggal dunia di rumah kediamannya di [[Atherton, California]] pada 2 Juli 2013,<ref>[http://gigaom.com/2013/07/03/doug-engelbart-american-inventor-computing-legend-passes-away/ Doug Engelbart American inventor computing legend passes away]. GigaOm. 2013-07-03.</ref><ref>Dave Crocker. [https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ietf/current/msg80472.html Doug Engelbart]. 2013-07-03.</ref> akibat [[kegagalan ginjal]]. Ia meninggalkan istrinya, Karen, empat anak dari pernikahan pertama, dan sembilan cucu.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/douglas-engelbart-computer-visionary-and-inventor-of-the-mouse-dies-at-88/2013/07/03/1439b508-0264-11e2-9b24-ff730c7f6312_story.html Douglas Engelbart, computer visionary and inventor of the mouse, dies at 88]. Washington Post.</ref>

==End of corporate career and subsequent developments==
Engelbart slipped into relative obscurity after 1976 due to various misfortunes and misunderstandings.  Several of Engelbart's best researchers became alienated from him and left his organization for [[Xerox PARC]], in part due to frustration, and in part due to differing views of the future of computing, where Engelbart saw the future in timeshare (client/server) computing, which younger programmers rejected in favor of the personal computer. The conflict was both technical and social: Engelbart came from a time in which only timeshare computing was achievable, and also believed in joint effort; the younger programmers came from an era where centralized power was highly suspect, and personal computing was just barely on the horizon. The [[Mansfield Amendment]], the end of the [[Vietnam War]], and the end of [[Project Apollo]] reduced ARC's funding from ARPA and [[NASA]]. SRI's management, which disapproved of Engelbart's approach to running the center, placed the remains of ARC under the control of [[artificial intelligence]] researcher [[Bert Raphael]], who fired Engelbart (from the lab that Engelbart had founded) in 1976. Engelbart's house in [[Atherton, California|Atherton]] burned down shortly afterwards, causing him and his family even further problems.

In 1978, a company called [[Tymshare]] bought [[On-Line System|NLS]], hired its creator as a Senior Scientist, and offered commercial services based upon NLS.  Tymshare was already somewhat familiar with NLS; back when ARC was still operational, it had experimented with its own local copy of the NLS software on a minicomputer called OFFICE-1, as part of a joint project with ARC.

At Tymshare, Engelbart soon found himself marginalized and relegated to obscurity--operational concerns at Tymshare overrode Engelbart's desire to do further research.  Various executives first at Tymshare and later at [[McDonnell Douglas]] (which took over Tymshare in 1982) expressed interest in his ideas, but never committed the funds or the people to further develop them.  He left McDonnell in 1986 and retired from corporate life.

Since the late 1980s, prominent individuals and organizations have recognized the seminal importance of Engelbart's contributions:

In December 1995, at the Fourth WWW Conference in Boston, he was the first recipient of what would later become the [[Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award]]. In 1997 he was awarded the [[Lemelson-MIT Prize]] of $500,000, the world's largest single prize for invention and innovation, and the [[Turing Award]]. In 1998 the [http://svarchive.stanford.edu/ ''Stanford Silicon Valley Archives''] and the [[Institute for the Future]] hosted [http://unrev.stanford.edu/ ''Engelbart's Unfinished Revolution''], a large [[symposium]] at [[Stanford University]]'s Memorial Auditorium, to honor Engelbart and his ideas. In early 2000 Engelbart produced, with a dedicated team of volunteers and financial supporters, what was called the Engelbart Colloquium or [http://www.bootstrap.org/colloquium/colloquium.html ''The Unfinished Revolution - II''], at Stanford University. The Colloquium was meant to document and publicize his work and ideas to a large audience (live, and online). The archives of this [http://scpd.stanford.edu/scpd/students/Dam_ui/pages/ArchivedVideoList.asp?Include=engelbart_colloquium ''Engelbart UnRev-II Colloquium at Stanford''] are still available online as of this writing ([[2005|September 2005]]). In December 2000, US President [[Bill Clinton]] awarded Engelbart the [http://www.bootstrap.org/chronicle/pix/nmt.html ''National Medal of Technology''], the United States' highest technology award. In 2001 Engelbart was awarded a [[British Computer Society]]'s [[Lovelace Medal]]. 2005 saw Engelbart made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum and winner of the [[Norbert Wiener Award]], awarded annually by [[Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility]].

==At present==
Currently (at age 81 in [[As of 2006|2006]]), he is the director of his own company, the [[Bootstrap Institute]] which he founded in 1988 with his daughter, [[Christina Engelbart]]. It is located in [[Fremont, California]] and promotes Engelbart's latest refinement of his philosophy, the concept of [[Collective intelligence|Collective IQ]], and development of what he calls [http://www.bootstrap.org/augdocs/augment-132082.htm Open Hyper-Document Systems](OHS), and [http://www.invisiblerevolution.net/hyper-and-blog.html HyperScope], a subset of OHS. Bootstrap is housed rent-free courtesy of the [[Logitech|Logitech Corp.]], the world's largest manufacturer of computer mice.
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Perangkat lunak kolaboratif]]
* [[Sejarah antarmuka pengguna grafis]]
* [[Sistem pengeditan hiperteks]]
* [[Ivan Sutherland]]
* [[Jeff Rulifson]]
* [[Ted Nelson]]
* [[Andries van Dam]]

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1633000/1633972.stm "Mouse inventor strives for more"], ''BBC News''
* [http://www.bootstrap.org/chronicle/chronicle.html Bootstrap Institute Bio]  and [http://www.bootstrap.org/chronicle/cv.html Curriculum Vitae] 
* [http://unrev.stanford.edu/ ''Engelbart's Unfinished Revolution'']; Dec 1998 at Stanford University
* [http://www.bootstrap.org/colloquium/colloquium.html ''The Unfinished Revolution: Strategy and Means for Coping with Complex Problems''] ; Jan-March 2000 Colloquium at Stanford University
* [http://invisiblerevolution.net The History of Doug Engelbart and Interactive Computing]
* [http://opencourse.org/Collaboratories/hyperscope/hyperscope-wiki/FrontPage The Study of Engelbart: An Educational Networked Improvement Community] California State University Student Wiki studying Engelbart
* [http://www.almaden.ibm.com/coevolution/bio/index.shtml?engelbart As We May Work from IBM Symposium site]
* [http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/pulpit20040826.html Column oleh Robert X. Cringely]
* [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.01/mouse_pr.html Wired article: The Click Heard Round The World]
* [http://switch.sjsu.edu/nextswitch/categories/issue18/invitational/switch_engelbart_transcript.pdf Transcript]  of 2003 visit to San Jose State University
* [http://www.zakros.com/wvr/wvr.html ''Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality'']
* [http://www.superkids.com/aweb/pages/features/mouse/mouse.html ''Doug Engelbart: Father of the Mouse'']
* [http://sloan.stanford.edu/MouseSite/1968Demo.html ''Doug Engelbart 1968 Demo''] Original 90-minute video from MouseSite
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/processing_engelbart/links ''A Fairly Extensive Set Of Links''] 
* [http://www.openaugment.org/ OpenAugment Consortium] , dedicated to the preservation of the Augment system
* [http://www.sri.com/about/timeline/mouse.html SRI mouse] 
* [http://www.pbs.org/cringely/nerdtv/shows/#11 Nerd TV, Inventer of the mouse] hour long video interview by Robert X. Cringely
* [http://channel9.msdn.com/Showpost.aspx?postid=141728 Channel9 @MSDN ] Interview with Douglas Engelbart.

== Referensi ==
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== Sumber dan atribusi ==

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas+Engelbart&oldid=26575755 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 26575755 (2024-11-28T07:18:29Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

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