Lihat sumber Gerusan jembatan

[[File:Local_scour.gif|thumb|right|280px|Sebuah diagram yang menunjukkan bagaimana lubang gerusan terbentuk]]

'''Gerusan jembatan''' adalah proses terbawanya [[sedimen]], seperti [[pasir]] dan [[kerikil]], dari sekitar [[jembatan]], [[abutmen]], atau [[Pilar (disambiguasi)|pilar]]. [[Gerusan hidrodinamik]] disebabkan oleh aliran air yang cepat hingga membentuk lubang gerusan di dasar sungai, mengurangi integritas struktur.<ref>Linda P. Warren, [http://ma.water.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/scour.htm Scour at Bridges: Stream Stability and Scour Assessment at Bridges in Massachusetts] , U.S. Geological Survey, 2011.</ref>

Di Amerika Serikat, gerusan merupakan satu dari tiga penyebab utama [[keruntuhan jembatan]] (selain tabrakan dan kelebihan muatan). Diperkirakan sekitar 60% kegagalan struktur jembatan di Amerika Serikat disebabkan oleh penggerusan dan penyebab hidrolis lainnya.<ref>Mark N. Landers, [http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1140&context=usgsstaffpub&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3DShirhole%2Band%2BHolt%2B1991%26as_sdt%3D0%252C22%26as_ylo%3D%26as_vis%3D0#search=%22Shirhole%20Holt%201991%22 Bridge Scour Data Management] . Published in ''Hydraulic Engineering: Saving a Threatened Resource—In Search of Solutions: Proceedings of the Hydraulic Engineering sessions at Water Forum ’92.'' Baltimore, Maryland, August 2–6, 1992. Published by American Society of Civil Engineers.</ref> Penggerusan menjadi penyebab utama kegagalan jembatan di [[jalan bebas hambatan]] di [[Amerika Serikat]],<ref>[http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/structures/98771207.pdf Bridge Scour Evaluation: Screening, Analysis, & Countermeasures] , United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Technology & Development Program</ref> dengan 46 dari 86 kegagalan struktur jembatan diakibatkan oleh gerusan dekat pilar antara tahun 1961 hingga 1976.<ref>[http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/scour/ USGS OGW, BG: Using Surface Geophysics for Bridge Scour Detection]. Water.usgs.gov.</ref>

== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* Boorstin, Robert O. (1987).  Bridge Collapses on the Thruway, Trapping Vehicles, Volume CXXXVI, No. 47,101, The New York Times, April 6, 1987.
* Huber, Frank. (1991). “Update: Bridge Scour.” Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 61, No. 9, pp.&nbsp;62–63, September 1991.
* Levy, Matthys and Salvadori, Mario (1992). Why Buildings Fall Down. W.W. Norton and Company, New York, New York.
* National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).  (1988). “Collapse of New York Thruway (1-90) Bridge over the Schoharie Creek, near Amsterdam, New York, April 5, 1987.” Highway Accident Report: NTSB/HAR-88/02, Washington, D.C.
* Springer Netherlands. International Journal of Fracture, Volume 51, Number 1  September 1991. "The collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge: a case study in concrete fracture mechanics"
* Palmer, R., and Turkiyyah, G. (1999).  “CAESAR: An Expert System for Evaluation of Scour and Stream Stability.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 426, Washington D. C.
* Shepherd, Robin and Frost, J. David (1995). Failures in Civil Engineering: Structural, Foundation and Geoenvironmental Case Studies. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, New York.
* Thornton, C. H., Tomasetti, R. L., and Joseph, L. M. (1988). “Lessons From Schoharie Creek,” Civil Engineering, Vol. 58, No.5, pp.&nbsp;46–49, May 1988.
* Thornton-Tomasetti, P. C. (1987) “Overview Report Investigation of the New York State Thruway Schoharie Creek Bridge Collapse.” Prepared for: New York State Disaster Preparedness Commission, December 1987.
* Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., and Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers (1987) “Collapse of Thruway Bridge at Schoharie Creek,” Final Report, Prepared for: New York State Thruway Authority, November 1987.
* Richardson, E.V., and S.R. Davis. 1995. "Evaluating Scour at Bridges, Third Edition.", US Department of Transportation, Publication No FHWA-IP-90-017.
* Sumer, B.M., and Fredsøe, J. (2002). "The Mechanics of Scour in the Marine Environment.", World Scientific, Singapore.

== Pranala luar ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=SoIA3P1zLAEC&dq=bridge+scour&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=SIm7OpT-uA&sig=sUmOlK_qpn0kSLfPNV-8K39--38&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=6&ct=result Bruce W. Melville, Stephen E. Coleman, Bridge Scour]
* [http://mo.water.usgs.gov/current_studies/Scour/index.htm Bridge scour study] 
* [http://water.usgs.gov/osw/techniques/bs/sed.bs.html USGS National Bridge Scour Project] 
* [http://water.usgs.gov/osw/techniques/bs/bs-usgsref.html USGS publications on bridge scour] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090111231849/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/features_0302/chute.pdf USGS bridge scour study]
* [http://water.usgs.gov/osw/techniques/bs/BSDMS/AccessDatabase/bsdms_2004.mdb USGS National bridge scour database] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110318041844/http://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/hyd/bridge_scour.htm Mathematical formulas for various kinds of scour]
* [http://ascelibrary.org/sco/resource/1/ppscfx/v15/i2/p125_s1?isAuthorized=no Ascelibrary - Bridge Scour]

== Referensi ==
<references />

== Sumber dan atribusi ==

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerusan+jembatan&oldid=23954786 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 23954786 (2023-08-03T08:18:19Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

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