Lihat sumber Hilary Putnam

[[File:Hilary_Putnam.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Hilary Putnam]]

'''Hilary Whitehall Putnam''' (lahir 31 Juli 1926) adalah seorang filsuf, matematikawan, dan ilmuwan komputer [[Amerika Serikat]] yang menjadi tokoh penting dalam bidang [[filsafat analitis]] semenjak tahun 1960-an, terutama dalam bidang [[filsafat budi]], [[filsafat bahasa|bahasa]], [[filsafat matematika|matematika]], dan [[filsafat sains|sains]].<ref>Casati R., "Hillary Putnam" in ''Enciclopedia Garzanti della Filosofia'', ed. Gianni Vattimo. 2004. Garzanti Editori. Milan. ISBN 88-11-50515-1</ref> Ia dikenal karena kemauannya untuk memeriksa argumennya sama seperti argumen orang lain, dan menganalisisnya sampai menemukan kesalahannya.<ref>King, P.J. ''One Hundred Philosophers: The Life and Work of the World's Greatest Thinkers''. Barron's 2004, hal. 170.</ref> Akibatnya, ia sering mengubah posisinya dalam suatu perdebatan.<ref>Jack Ritchie. [http://www.philosophers.co.uk/cafe/phil_jun2002.htm TPM:Philosopher of the Month]. 2002.</ref> Putnam saat ini menjabat sebagai Professor Emeritus Universitas Cogan di [[Universitas Harvard]].

Dalam bidang filsafat budi, Putnam dikenal akan argumennya yang menentang [[fisikalisme jenis]] berdasarkan hipotesis [[realisabilitas ganda]]nya, dan dukungannya terhadap [[fungsionalisme (filsafat budi)|fungsionalisme]], teori yang terkait dengan [[masalah budi-tubuh]].<ref>Casati R., "Hillary Putnam" in ''Enciclopedia Garzanti della Filosofia'', ed. Gianni Vattimo. 2004. Garzanti Editori. Milan. ISBN 88-11-50515-1</ref><ref>LeDoux, J. [https://archive.org/details/synapticselfhowo00ledo The Synaptic Self; How Our Brains Become Who We Are]. Viking Penguin. 2002. ISBN 88-7078-795-8.</ref> Dalam filsafat bahasa, bersama dengan [[Saul Kripke]] dan yang lainnya, ia mengembangkan [[teori acuan sebab-akibat]], dan merumuskan teori asal-usul makna dengan mencetuskan gagasan [[eksternalisme semantik]] berdasarkan [[percobaan pikiran]] terkenal yang disebut [[percobaan pikiran Bumi Kembar|Bumi Kembar]].<ref>P. Clark-B. Hale (eds.), "Reading Putnam", Blackwell, Cambridge (Massachusetts)-Oxford 1995.</ref>


Di luar ilmu filsafat, Putnam telah menyumbang untuk bidang [[matematika]] dan [[ilmu komputer]]. Bersama dengan [[Martin Davis]], ia mengembangkan [[algoritme Davis-Putnam]] untuk menyelesaikan [[masalah keterpuasan Boolean]],<ref>Davis, M. and Putnam, H. "A computing procedure for quantification theory" in ''Journal of the ACM'', 7:201–215, 1960.</ref> dan ia membantu menunjukkan bahwa [[masalah kesepuluh Hilbert]] tak dapat diselesaikan.<ref>Matiyesavic, Yuri. [https://archive.org/details/hilbertstenthpro0000mati Hilbert's Tenth Problem]. MIT. 1993. ISBN 0-262-13295-8.</ref> Ia juga pernah menjadi tokoh politik yang kontroversial karena terlibat dengan [[Partai Buruh Progresif (Amerika Serikat)|Partai Buruh Progresif]] pada akhir tahun 1960-an dan awal tahun 1970-an.<ref>To appear in the "American Philosophers" edition of ''Literary Biography'', ed. Bruccoli, Layman and Clarke</ref><ref>Foley, M. ''Confronting the War Machine''. North Carolina Press. 1983. ISBN 0-8078-2767-3.</ref>

== Karya utama ==
* ''The "[[Innateness hypothesis|Innateness Hypothesis]]" and Explanatory Models in Linguistics'', 1967.<ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/w476u76126j58330/fulltext.pdf The 'innateness hypothesis' and explanatory models in linguistics].</ref>
* ''Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings''. Disunting bersama dengan Paul Benacerraf. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1964. 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-521-29648-X
* ''Philosophy of Logic''. New York: Harper and Row, 1971. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1972. ISBN 0-04-160009-6
* ''Mathematics, Matter and Method. Philosophical Papers, vol. 1''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. 2nd. ed., 1985 paperback: ISBN 0-521-29550-5
* ''Mind, Language and Reality. Philosophical Papers, vol. 2''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. 2003 paperback: ISBN 0-521-29551-3
* ''Meaning and the Moral Sciences''. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978.
* ''Reason, Truth, and History''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. 2004 paperback: ISBN 0-521-29776-1
* ''Realism and Reason. Philosophical Papers, vol. 3.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 2002 paperback: ISBN 0-521-31394-5
* ''Methodology, Epistemology, and Philosophy of Science: Essays in Honour of Wolfgang Stegmüller''. disunting bersama dengan Wilhelm K. Essler and Carl G. Hempel. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1983.
* ''Epistemology, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science: Essays in Honour of Carl G. Hempel''. disunting bersama dengan Wilhelm K. Essler and Wolfgang Stegmüller. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1985.
* ''The Many Faces of Realism''. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1987. ISBN 0-8126-9043-5
* ''Representation and Reality''. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988. ISBN 0-262-66074-1
* ''Realism with a Human Face''. disunting oleh [[James F. Conant]]. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990. [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn= 9780674749450 Description.] ISBN 0-674-74945-6
* ''Renewing Philosophy''. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992. [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn= 9780674760943 Description.] ISBN 0-674-76094-8
* ''Pursuits of Reason: Essays in Honor of Stanley Cavell''. disunting bersama dengan Ted Cohen and Paul Guyer. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-89672-266-X
* ''Words and Life''. disunting oleh James F. Conant. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994. [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn= 9780674956070 Description.] ISBN 0-674-95607-9
* ''Pragmatism: An Open Question''. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. ISBN 0-631-19343-X
* ''The Threefold Cord: Mind, Body, and World''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-231-10287-9
* ''Enlightenment and Pragmatism''. Assen: Koninklijke Van Gorcum, 2001. 48pp.
* ''The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and Other Essays''. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002. [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674013803 Description.] ISBN 0-674-01380-8
* ''Ethics Without Ontology''. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002. [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn= 9780674018518 Description.] ISBN 0-674-01851-6
* ''Jewish Philosophy as a Guide to Life: Rosenzweig, Buber, Levinas, Wittgenstein''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.
* ''Philosophy in an Age of Science''. disunting oleh Mario De Caro and David Macarthur. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012. [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn= 9780674050136 Description.]

== Pranala luar ==
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* 
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* [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~phildept/putnam.html Harvard University Philosophy Faculty page]
* [http://www.pragmatism.org/putnam/ An extensive bibliography]
* [http://putnam.altervista.org/ An extensive directory] 
* 
* [http://www.lrb.co.uk/contributors/hilary-putnam ''London Review of Books'' contributor page]
* [http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hrp/issues/1992/Putnam.pdf Hilary Putnam: On Mind, Meaning and Reality] , Interview by Josh Harlan, ''[[The Harvard Review of Philosophy]]'', spring 1992.
* [http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~kerrlaws/Santayana/Bulletin/s1_96.htm Putnam, Hilary and Ruth Anna, "The Quarrel Between Poetry and Philosophy"] , read to the Santayana Society at its annual meeting in New York on December 28, 1995.
* [http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hrp/issues/2000/Putnam.pdf "To Think with Integrity"] , Hilary Putnam's Farewell Lecture, ''The Harvard Review of Philosophy'', Spring 2000.
* [http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.asp?showID=6840 Putnam, "The Depths and Shallows of Experience"] , video lecture, [[UCSB]], September 1, 2003. Comments by [[Hubert Schwyzer]] and [[Bruno Latour]].
* [http://www.ucd.ie/news/mar07/030507_Putnam_Award.htm Putnam, "The Fact/Value Dichotomy and its critics"; Roundtable on Externalism] audio/video lecture, audio discussion, March 2007, [[University College Dublin]].
* [http://internalism.blip.tv/file/420305/ Hilary Putnam - Externalism: Its Motivation And Its Critics] , video of a lecture, delivered at Harvard University on October 4, 2007
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlrEbffVVjM A short film about the Putnam-Rorty debate and its influence on the pragmatist revival]
* [http://hardproblem.ru/events/interviewhilary-putnam ''The Moscow Center for Consciousness Studies'' video interview with Hilary Putnam]  2010-04-21 (with transcript)

== Referensi ==
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== Sumber dan atribusi ==

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