Lihat sumber Rumble (perusahaan)

'''Rumble''' adalah [[Layanan hos video|platform video online]], [[Layanan hos web|hosting web]], dan bisnis [[Komputasi awan|layanan cloud]] <ref>Dan Primack. [https://www.axios.com/2022/04/26/rumble-trump-truth-social-spac Rumble may top Trump's Truth Social]. ''Axios''. 2022-04-26.</ref> <ref>Helen Coster. [https://www.reuters.com/technology/trumps-social-media-venture-partners-with-canadas-rumble-2021-12-14/ Trump's social media venture partners with Canada's Rumble Inc]. ''Reuters''. 2021-12-14.</ref> yang berkantor pusat di [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], dengan kantor pusatnya di AS di [[Longboat Key, Florida]].<ref>[https://www.edcsarasotacounty.com/sarasota-county-welcomes-rumble Sarasota's County welcomes Rumble]. ''EDC Sarasota County''. November 12, 2021.</ref> <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65050160 The web firm that wants to stop you getting 'cancelled']. ''BBC News''. 2023-03-26.</ref> Perusahaan ini didirikan pada bulan Oktober 2013 oleh Chris Pavlovski, seorang pengusaha teknologi asal Kanada. <ref>Craig Silverman. [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/dan-bongino-rumble Can Dan Bongino Make Rumble The Right's New Platform?]. ''Buzzfeed News''. November 2, 2020.</ref> Bisnis layanan cloud ini menaungi [[Truth Social]], dan platform video ini populer di kalangan [[Amerika benar|sayap kanan Amerika]] dan pengguna sayap kanan. Platform ini digambarkan sebagai bagian dari "[[alt-tech]]". <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65050160 The web firm that wants to stop you getting 'cancelled']. ''BBC News''. 2023-03-26.</ref>

== Sejarah ==
Rumble didirikan pada tahun 2013 oleh Chris Pavlovski sebagai alternatif dari [[YouTube]] untuk pembuat konten independen. <ref>Jacob Lorinc. [https://www.thestar.com/business/2021/06/11/this-toronto-based-website-surged-to-a-half-billion-dollar-valuation-almost-overnight-thanks-in-part-to-interest-from-conservative-american-investors.html This Toronto-based website surged to a half-billion-dollar valuation almost overnight — thanks in part to interest from conservative American investors]. ''Toronto Star''. 11 June 2021.</ref> Pavlovski mendirikan platform tersebut setelah melihat bahwa [[Google]] lebih memprioritaskan para [[Selebritas internet|influencer]] di YouTube daripada pembuat konten kecil. <ref>Joe Castaldo. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-rumble-toronto-video-platform-youtube-alternative-valuation/ How Rumble, a Toronto-based YouTube alternative, became a refuge for the MAGA crowd (with a US$2-billion valuation)]. ''The Globe and Mail''. 9 January 2022.</ref> Pada tahun-tahun awalnya, konten di Rumble sebagian besar terdiri dari [[video viral]] dan berita dari sumber media mainstream serta video anak-anak dan hewan. Platform ini menerima banyak penonton yang dimulai semasa [[Pandemi Covid-19|pandemi COVID-19]], dengan pengunjung bulanan meningkat dari 1,6 juta pada tahun 2020 menjadi 31,9 juta pada tahun 2021.  Dalam sembilan bulan pertama tahun 2021, Rumble menghasilkan pendapatan lebih dari $6,5 juta, sebagian besar dari iklan, tetapi tidak menguntungkan. <ref>Jeremy W. Peters. [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/28/business/media/rumble-social-media-conservatives-videos.html Rumble, the Right's Go-To Video Site, Has Much Bigger Ambitions]. ''The New York Times''. 2022-03-28.</ref>

Peningkatan jumlah penonton pada tahun 2020 dikaitkan dengan Anggota DPR [[Devin Nunes]] yang menuduh YouTube menyensor salurannya secara berlebihan. Nunes mulai memposting konten di platform tersebut dengan tokoh konservatif lainnya, seperti [[Dinesh D'Souza]], [[Dan Bongino]], [[Sean Hannity]], dan Anggota DPR [[Jim Jordan]], yang kemudian menyusul. <ref>Craig Silverman. [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/dan-bongino-rumble Can Dan Bongino Make Rumble The Right's New Platform?]. ''Buzzfeed News''. November 2, 2020.</ref> <ref>[https://fortune.com/2020/11/30/rumble-video-service-youtube-rival-popular-among-conservatives/ Meet Rumble, the YouTube rival that's popular with conservatives]. ''Fortune''.</ref> <ref>Aaron Mak. [https://slate.com/technology/2021/06/donald-trump-rally-rumble-gab-parler.html Gab Is Furious That Donald Trump Signed Up for Another Right-Wing Social Network]. ''Slate''. 2021-06-29.</ref> Pada 11 Januari 2021, Rumble mengajukan gugatan [[Antitrust|antimonopoli]] terhadap Google atas hasil pencariannya, menuntut ganti rugi lebih dari $2 miliar. <ref>Josh O'Kane. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-toronto-video-hosting-startup-rumble-inc-sues-google-over-search/ Toronto video-hosting startup Rumble Inc. sues Google over search result]. ''The Globe And Mail''. 2021-01-13.</ref> <ref>[https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/29096082/rumble-inc-v-google-llc/ Rumble, Inc. v. ]</ref> Rumble menuduh bahwa Google memanipulasi algoritmanya sehingga lebih memilih YouTube daripada Rumble dalam hasil pencarian Google. Rumble juga menuduh bahwa hal ini mengurangi jumlah penontonnya dan menghasilkan pendapatan iklan yang lebih rendah.<ref>Sam Schechner. [https://www.marketwatch.com/story/youtube-rival-rumble-sues-google-over-search-rankings-11610465669 YouTube rival Rumble sues Google over search rankings]. ''Market Watch''. 2021-01-12.</ref> Pada bulan Agustus 2022, kasus ini masih berlangsung.<ref>Adi Robertson. [https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/2/23288732/rumble-antitrust-lawsuit-google-search-results-app-court-decision Rumble's antitrust lawsuit against Google can proceed, says judge]. ''The Verge''. 2 August 2022.</ref>

Rumble menerima investasi dari pemodal ventura [[Peter Thiel]] dan [[JD Vance]] pada bulan Mei 2021, dengan putaran pendanaan tersebut bernilai sekitar $500 juta. <ref>Keach Hagey. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/peter-thiel-j-d-vance-invest-in-rumble-video-platform-popular-on-political-right-11621447661 Peter Thiel, J.D. Vance Invest in Rumble Video Platform Popular on Political Right]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. 2021-05-19.</ref> Sebulan kemudian, [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden AS]], [[Donald Trump]], bergabung dengan Rumble dalam persiapan untuk merekam rapat umum kampanyenya di Ohio.<ref>Elizabeth Culliford. [https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-joins-video-platform-rumble-ahead-ohio-rally-2021-06-26/ Trump Joins Video Platform Rumble Ahead of Ohio Rally]. ''U.S. News & World Report''. June 26, 2021.</ref> Pada bulan Oktober 2021, Rumble mengakuisisi [[Penduduk setempat|Locals]]. <ref>[https://finance.yahoo.com/news/rumble-acquires-locals-help-build-140000966.html Rumble acquires Locals to help build a bigger creator economy]. ''Yahoo News''.</ref> Pada 14 Desember 2021, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG) mengumumkan bahwa mereka menandatangani "perjanjian teknologi dan layanan cloud yang luas" dengan Rumble dalam sebuah pernyataan yang juga menyatakan bahwa Rumble akan mengoperasikan bagian dari [[Truth Social]] dan juga TMTG.<ref>Mychael Schnell. [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/585838-trump-media-company-inks-deal-with-video-platform-rumble Trump media company inks deal with video platform Rumble]. ''The Hill''. December 14, 2021.</ref>

Pada bulan Agustus 2022, Rumble mengumumkan rencana untuk menyediakan platform [[Iklan daring|periklanan online]] yang dikenal sebagai Rumble Ads, dengan Truth Social sebagai penerbit pertamanya.<ref>Makena Kelly. [https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/30/23329245/truth-social-donald-trump-google-play-store-dwac-spac Truth Social is strapped for cash and struggling to find new users]. ''The Verge''. August 30, 2022.</ref> <ref>Helen Coster. [https://www.reuters.com/technology/truth-social-join-rumbles-advertising-platform-2022-08-23/ Truth Social to join Rumble's advertising platform]. ''Reuters''. August 23, 2022.</ref> Rumble menjadi perusahaan publik pada bulan September 2022, diperdagangkan di NASDAQ, setelah bergabung dengan [[perusahaan akuisisi bertujuan khusus]]. <ref>Lizette Chapman. [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-19/peter-thiel-backed-rumble-heads-to-the-public-markets-via-spac-deal Peter Thiel-Backed Video Platform Rumble Starts Trading After SPAC Deal]. Bloomberg. 19 September 2022.</ref>

Pada bulan Mei 2023, Rumble mengakuisisi platform podcasting CallIn.<ref>[https://www.streetinsider.com/Corporate+News/Rumble+%28RUM%29+Acquires+Podcasting+and+Live+Streaming+Platform+CallIn/21668069.html Rumble (RUM) Acquires Podcasting and Live Streaming Platform CallIn]. ''StreetInsider.com''.</ref>

== Desain dan batasan ==
Rumble mempromosikan dirinya sebagai "kebal terhadap [[Budaya pengenyahan|budaya penolakan]]".<ref>Sara Morrison. [https://www.vox.com/recode/22981115/duckduckgo-free-speech-privacy-oops The free speech search engine that never was]. ''Vox''. 2022-03-16.</ref> Bersama dengan empat tab lain di antarmuka utamanya, Rumble menampilkan "saluran yang direkomendasikan" untuk diikuti dan tab "Penghasilan" di antarmukanya. <ref>Bryan C. Parker. [https://www.sfgate.com/tech/article/parler-replacement-rumble-mewe-telegram-wimkin-15871616.php The next Parler: I tried four apps attracting right-wing users]. ''SFGate''. 2021-01-15.</ref> Rumble juga memungkinkan penggunanya untuk menghasilkan pendapatan dari video mereka. <ref>Bryan C. Parker. [https://www.sfgate.com/tech/article/parler-replacement-rumble-mewe-telegram-wimkin-15871616.php The next Parler: I tried four apps attracting right-wing users]. ''SFGate''. 2021-01-15.</ref> Pengguna mengunggah video yang dilisensikan ke mitra Rumble, seperti [[Yahoo!]] dan [[Berita Microsoft|Microsoft News]], setelah itu uang yang dihasilkan dari video tersebut langsung disetorkan ke akun Rumble pengguna. <ref>Bryan C. Parker. [https://www.sfgate.com/tech/article/parler-replacement-rumble-mewe-telegram-wimkin-15871616.php The next Parler: I tried four apps attracting right-wing users]. ''SFGate''. 2021-01-15.</ref>

Platform ini melarang [[pornografi]], [[Perundungan di dunia maya|pelecehan]], [[rasisme]], [[antisemitisme]], pelanggaran hak cipta, <ref>[https://rumble.com/s/terms Rumble does not permit copyright infringing activities and infringement of intellectual property rights on the Service, and Rumble will remove all Content if properly notified that such Content infringes on another's intellectual property rights. Rumble reserves the right to remove Content without prior notice]. ''Rumble (website)''.</ref> dan konten ilegal. <ref>Craig Silverman. [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/dan-bongino-rumble Can Dan Bongino Make Rumble The Right's New Platform?]. ''Buzzfeed News''. November 2, 2020.</ref> <ref>Cat Zakrzewski. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/11/16/technology-202-youtube-alternative-rumble-highlights-conservatives-move-more-hands-off-social-networks/ The Technology 202: YouTube alternative Rumble highlights conservatives' move to more hands-off social networks]. ''The Washington Post''. November 16, 2020.</ref> <ref>Marina Watts. [https://www.newsweek.com/what-rumble-youtube-alternative-where-conservative-views-wont-discriminated-against-1542141 What Is Rumble? The YouTube Alternative 'Where Conservative Views Won't Be Discriminated Against']. ''Newsweek''. October 26, 2020.</ref> <ref>Mike Isaac. [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/technology/parler-rumble-newsmax.html Fact-Checked on Facebook and Twitter, Conservatives Switch Their Apps]. ''The New York Times''. November 18, 2020.</ref> <ref>Aaron Mak. [https://slate.com/technology/2020/12/rumble-youtube-trump-conspiracy-theories.html Meet Rumble, the YouTube Alternative Where Trump Could Still Win]. ''Slate''. December 15, 2020.</ref> Kebijakan Rumble telah menuai kritik dari platform [[alt-tech]] karena tidak mengizinkan anti-semitisme dan rasisme.<ref>Ewan Palmer. [https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-rumble-gab-parler-1604636 Donald Trump's Rumble account prompts attacks from Gab and Parler founders]. ''Newsweek''. 2021-06-28.</ref> <ref>Aaron Mak. [https://slate.com/technology/2021/06/donald-trump-rally-rumble-gab-parler.html Gab Is Furious That Donald Trump Signed Up for Another Right-Wing Social Network]. ''Slate Magazine''. 2021-06-29.</ref> Sejak bulan November 2022, Rumble diblokir di Prancis, setelah mereka menolak untuk memenuhi permintaan negara tersebut agar situs tersebut menghapus akun media pemerintah Rusia.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2022/11/02/rumble-une-plate-forme-de-videos-non-moderee-est-bloquee-en-france_6148205_4408996.html Rumble, une plate-forme de vidéos non modérée, est bloquée en France]. ''Le Monde''. 2 November 2022.</ref>

Rumble telah membangun [[Komputasi awan|infrastruktur layanan cloud]] dan kapasitas [[Video sesuai permintaan|streaming videonya]] sendiri. <ref>Jeremy W. Peters. [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/28/business/media/rumble-social-media-conservatives-videos.html Rumble, the Right's Go-To Video Site, Has Much Bigger Ambitions]. ''The New York Times''. 2022-03-28.</ref>

== Pengguna dan konten ==
Platform video Rumble populer di kalangan [[Amerika benar|sayap kanan Amerika]] <ref>Keach Hagey. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/peter-thiel-j-d-vance-invest-in-rumble-video-platform-popular-on-political-right-11621447661 Peter Thiel, J.D. Vance Invest in Rumble Video Platform Popular on Political Right]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. 2021-05-19.</ref> <ref>Abram Brown. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2021/12/02/rumble-spac-ipo-social-media-conservative/ Is Rumble, A Right-Wing Social Media Company, Already The Next Meme Stock?]. ''Forbes''.</ref> <ref>Mike Isaac. [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/technology/parler-rumble-newsmax.html Fact-Checked on Facebook and Twitter, Conservatives Switch Their Apps]. ''The New York Times''. 2020-11-11.</ref> dan pengguna [[Politik kanan jauh|sayap kanan]], <ref>Drew Harwell. [https://www.seattletimes.com/business/rumble-a-youtube-rival-popular-with-conservatives-will-pay-creators-who-challenge-the-status-quo/ Rumble, a YouTube rival popular with conservatives, will pay creators who 'challenge the status quo']. ''The Seattle Times''. 16 August 2021.</ref> <ref>Hailey Fuchs. [https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/24/russia-state-media-rumble-00020184 Russia state media turn to Rumble to get out their word]. ''POLITICO''. 24 March 2022.</ref> <ref>Kevin Newman. [https://www.ctvnews.ca/w5/investigating-canadian-youtube-rival-rumble-and-its-growing-popularity-among-the-world-s-far-right-1.5787533 Investigating Canadian YouTube rival Rumble and its growing popularity among the world's far right]. ''CTVNews''. 19 February 2022.</ref> <ref>Elizabeth Dias. [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/08/us/christian-nationalism-politicians.html The Far-Right Christian Quest for Power: 'We Are Seeing Them Emboldened']. ''The New York Times''. 8 July 2022.</ref> dan telah digambarkan sebagai bagian dari "[[alt-tech]]" oleh berbagai pengamat.<ref>Jason Wilson. [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/13/social-media-trump-ban-alt-tech-far-right Rightwingers flock to 'alt tech' networks as mainstream sites ban Trump]. ''the Guardian''. January 13, 2021.</ref> <ref>Jeremy B. Merril. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/01/20/trump-audience-stalling/ Pro-Trump influencers flocked to alternative social networks. Their follower counts stalled soon after]. ''The Washington Post''. January 20, 2022.</ref> <ref>David Gilbert. [https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkpaeb/truth-social-partnering-with-rumble Trump's Social Media Company Just Partnered With a QAnon Video Site]. ''www.vice.com''. December 15, 2021.</ref> <ref>Ben Dalton. [https://slate.com/technology/2022/05/alt-tech-internet-extremists-financial-ecosystem.html The Evolution of the Tech and Fundraising Platforms for Extremists Kicked Off the Regular Internet]. ''Slate Magazine''. May 17, 2022.</ref>

Menggunakan data dari bulan Februari 2021, para peneliti mencatat bahwa beberapa pembuat konten telah mendapatkan audiens yang reseptif di Rumble setelah produksi mereka ditarik dari YouTube atau [[Facebook]]. Mereka termasuk [[Del Bigtree]], [[Sherri Tenpenny]], dan [[Simone Gold]]. <ref>Aaron Mak. [https://slate.com/technology/2021/03/youtube-rumble-vaccine-misinformation.html Where Anti-Vaccine Propaganda Went When YouTube Banned It]. ''Slate''. 18 March 2021.</ref> <ref>[https://rumble.com/s/terms Rumble terms and conditions]. ''Rumble''.</ref> <ref>[https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rumble+%28perusahaan%29&oldid=25341990 sumber pada Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia]</ref> Menurut artikel dari ''[[Slate (majalah)|Slate]]'' pada bulan Juni 2021, "Pavlovski baru-baru ini menjadi lebih vokal dalam menuduh Big Tech melakukan penyensoran dan sekarang secara aktif mengajak tokoh-tokoh konservatif dan tokoh-tokoh [[Web gelap intelektual|dark web intelektual]] terkemuka untuk bergabung dengan Rumble." '''<ref>Aaron Mak. [https://slate.com/technology/2021/06/donald-trump-rally-rumble-gab-parler.html Gab Is Furious That Donald Trump Signed Up for Another Right-Wing Social Network]. ''Slate''. 2021-06-29.</ref>''' Rumble juga meng-hos [[Truth Social]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-trump-truth-social/ Politics trumps business in Truth Social's war on Big Tech]. ''Reuters''.</ref> Saluran lain di Rumble termasuk [[America's Funniest Home Videos]], [[Jimmy Dor|Jimmy Dore]], [[Alex Jones]] dari [[InfoWars]], perusahaan penyiaran Amerika [[Perusahaan EW Scripps|EW Scripps Company]], [[TV Barcroft|Truly]], [[Hodgetwin|Hodgetwins]], saluran [[berita kabel]] [[Newsmax]] dan [[One America News Network]] (OAN), jaringan televisi [[Penyiaran internasional|internasional]] [[Media negara|yang dikendalikan oleh negara]] Rusia, [[RT (jaringan televisi)|RT]], dan organisasi [[kantor berita]] [[Reuters]]. <ref>Craig Silverman. [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/dan-bongino-rumble Can Dan Bongino Make Rumble The Right's New Platform?]. ''Buzzfeed News''. November 2, 2020.</ref> <ref>Jeremy W. Peters. [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/28/business/media/rumble-social-media-conservatives-videos.html Rumble, the Right's Go-To Video Site, Has Much Bigger Ambitions]. ''The New York Times''. 2022-03-28.</ref> <ref>Bryan C. Parker. [https://www.sfgate.com/tech/article/parler-replacement-rumble-mewe-telegram-wimkin-15871616.php The next Parler: I tried four apps attracting right-wing users]. ''SFGate''. 2021-01-15.</ref> <ref>Elizabeth Dwoskin. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/16/facebook-youtube-russian-bans/ Social platforms' bans muffle Russian state media propaganda]. ''The Washington Post''. 2022-03-16.</ref> Menurut Reuters, Rumble adalah pelanggan Reuters yang membayar untuk menghosting konten agensi tersebut. <ref>Andrew R. C. Marshall. [https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-media-misinformation/ SkewTube: New video-sharing sites thrives on misinformation and hate]. ''Reuters''. August 22, 2022.</ref> Pada bulan Agustus 2021, Rumble mengumumkan kesepakatan dengan mantan Anggota DPR dari partai [[Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)|Demokrat]], [[Tulsi Gabbard]], dan pendiri ''[[Intersepsi|The Intercept]],'' [[Glenn Greenwald]], untuk mulai memposting video mereka ke situs tersebut.<ref>Drew Harwell. [https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/rumble-a-youtube-rival-popular-with-conservatives-will-pay-creators-who-challenge-the-status-quo/ar-AANeDiu Rumble, a YouTube rival popular with conservatives, will pay creators who 'challenge the status quo']. ''The Washington Post''. 2021-08-12.</ref>

Pada 15 Agustus 2022, Rumble melaporkan 78 juta pengguna aktif bulanan (MAU).  Pada bulan itu, setelah dilarang dari sebagian besar platform lain karena ujaran kebencian dan perilaku berbahaya, kickboxer dan tokoh media sosial [[Andrew Tate]] mulai memposting di Rumble. Langkah Tate ini bertepatan dengan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam unduhan aplikasi Rumble.<ref>Cam Wilson. [https://www.crikey.com.au/2022/08/29/andrew-tate-rumble-video-app/ How Rumble became the world's most popular video app]. ''Crikey''. 29 August 2022.</ref> <ref>Victoria Elms. [https://news.sky.com/story/andrew-tates-move-to-anti-cancel-culture-streaming-platform-rumble-after-social-media-ban-causes-surge-in-activity-12687658 Andrew Tate moves to anti-'cancel culture' streaming platform Rumble as social media ban causes surge in activity]. ''Sky News''. 4 September 2022.</ref>

Menurut artikel ''Reuters'' bulan Agustus 2022, Rumble merupakan pesaing langsung yang didanai dengan lebih baik dan lebih utama untuk situs hosting video [[BitChute]] dan [[LBRY|Odysee]], karena ketiganya menyertakan informasi yang keliru dan teori konspirasi, dengan Rumble memoderasi lebih banyak konten. <ref>Andrew R. C. Marshall. [https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-media-misinformation/ SkewTube: New video-sharing sites thrives on misinformation and hate]. ''Reuters''. August 22, 2022.</ref> Tidak seperti BitChute dan Odysee, Rumble menyembunyikan hasil saat mencari beberapa kata kunci yang terkait dengan ujaran kebencian atau ekstremisme, meskipun kontennya sendiri masih dapat diakses. <ref>Kevin Newman. [https://www.ctvnews.ca/w5/investigating-canadian-youtube-rival-rumble-and-its-growing-popularity-among-the-world-s-far-right-1.5787533 Investigating Canadian YouTube rival Rumble and its growing popularity among the world's far right]. ''CTVNews''. 19 February 2022.</ref> <ref>Andrew R. C. Marshall. [https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-media-misinformation/ SkewTube: New video-sharing sites thrives on misinformation and hate]. ''Reuters''. August 22, 2022.</ref>

== Lihat juga ==
* [[Perbandingan layanan hosting video]]
* [[Daftar platform video online]]

== Pranala luar ==
* [https://rumble.com Situs web resmi]

== Referensi ==
<references />

== Sumber dan atribusi ==

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rumble+%28perusahaan%29&oldid=25341990 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 25341990 (2024-02-21T15:02:14Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

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