<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="id">
	<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Biliar_dinamis</id>
	<title>Biliar dinamis - Riwayat revisi</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Biliar_dinamis"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Biliar_dinamis&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-09-15T20:35:43Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Riwayat revisi halaman ini di wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.46.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Biliar_dinamis&amp;diff=9095&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Biliar_dinamis&amp;diff=9095&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-25T04:05:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 25 Agustus 2026 04.05&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Biliar dinamis&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sistem dinamis]] di mana partikel secara bergantian mengalami perubahan kondisi laju dari gerak bebas (umumnya sebagai gerak lurus) dan [[pantulan spekular]] pada garis batas&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ketika partikel menabrak garis batas, ia akan memantul tanpa kehilangan kecepatan ([[tumbukan elastis]]). Biliar adalah idealisasi [[mekanika Hamiltonian]] dari permainan [[biliar]], dengan garis batas tidak selalu berwujud segi empat, bahkan bisa berwujud multidimensi. Biliar dinamis juga dapat dipelajari pada [[geometri non-euklides]], bahkan studi pertama tentang biliar menetapkan [[teori ergodik&lt;/del&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gerak ergodik]] bola biliar pada [[permukaan (matematika)&lt;/del&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;permukaan&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[kurvatur]] yang secara kosntan negatif. Studi tentang biliar di mana bola biliar tetap berada di luar area, disebut dengan teori [[biliar luar]].&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;File:Stadium_billiard&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gif|thumb|right&lt;/ins&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;280px&lt;/ins&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Stadium billiard&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gerak partikel biliar adalah garis lurus, dengan energi yang konstan antara [[pantulan (fisika)|pantulan-pantulan]] yang terjadi dengan garis batas (bersifat [[geodesik]] jika [[manifold Riemann|metrik Riemannian]] meja biliar tidak rata). Seluruh pantulan adalah bersifat spekular. [[Sudut datang]] sebelum tumbukan adalah setara dengan [[sudut pantul]] setelah tumbukan. Serangkaian pantulan dapat dipetakan, yang menggambarkan karakteristik dari gerak partikel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Biliar dinamis&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah [[sistem dinamis]] di mana partikel secara bergantian mengalami perubahan kondisi laju dari gerak bebas (umumnya sebagai gerak lurus) dan [[pantulan spekular]] pada garis batas. Ketika partikel menabrak garis batas, ia akan memantul tanpa kehilangan kecepatan ([[tumbukan elastis]]). Biliar adalah idealisasi [[mekanika Hamiltonian]] dari permainan [[biliar]], dengan garis batas tidak selalu berwujud segi empat, bahkan bisa berwujud multidimensi. Biliar dinamis juga dapat dipelajari pada [[geometri non-euklides]], bahkan studi pertama tentang biliar menetapkan [[teori ergodik|gerak ergodik]] bola biliar pada [[permukaan (matematika)|permukaan]] [[kurvatur]] yang secara kosntan negatif. Studi tentang biliar di mana bola biliar tetap berada di luar area, disebut dengan teori [[biliar luar]]. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gerak partikel biliar adalah garis lurus, dengan energi yang konstan antara [[pantulan (fisika)|pantulan-pantulan]] yang terjadi dengan garis batas (bersifat [[geodesik]] jika [[manifold Riemann|metrik Riemannian]] meja biliar tidak rata). Seluruh pantulan adalah bersifat spekular. [[Sudut datang]] sebelum tumbukan adalah setara dengan [[sudut pantul]] setelah tumbukan. Serangkaian pantulan dapat dipetakan, yang menggambarkan karakteristik dari gerak partikel.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Biliar merangkum seluruh kompleksitas dari sistem Hamiltonian, dari [[integrabilitas]] hingga [[teori chaos]] tanpa kerumitan dalam mengintegrasikan [[persamaan gerak]] untuk menentukan [[peta Poincaré]]-nya.  [[George David Birkhoff]] menunjukkan bahwa sistem biliar dengan meja yang berbentuk elips bersifat terintegerasi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Biliar merangkum seluruh kompleksitas dari sistem Hamiltonian, dari [[integrabilitas]] hingga [[teori chaos]] tanpa kerumitan dalam mengintegrasikan [[persamaan gerak]] untuk menentukan [[peta Poincaré]]-nya.  [[George David Birkhoff]] menunjukkan bahwa sistem biliar dengan meja yang berbentuk elips bersifat terintegerasi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*  (in English, &#039;&#039;Sov. Math Dokl.&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;4&#039;&#039;&#039; (1963) pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;1818–1822).&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Ya. G. Sinai, &quot;Dynamical Systems with Elastic Reflections&quot;, &#039;&#039;[[Russian Mathematical Surveys]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;25&#039;&#039;&#039;, (1970) pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;137–191.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* V. I. Arnold and A. Avez, &#039;&#039;Théorie ergodique des systèms dynamiques&#039;&#039;, (1967), Gauthier-Villars, Paris. (English edition: Benjamin-Cummings, Reading, Mass. 1968). &#039;&#039;(Provides discussion and references for Sinai&#039;s billiards.)&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* D. Heitmann, J.P. Kotthaus, &quot;The Spectroscopy of Quantum Dot Arrays&quot;, &#039;&#039;Physics Today&#039;&#039; (1993) pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;56–63. &#039;&#039;(Provides a review of experimental tests of quantum versions of Sinai&#039;s billiards realized as nano-scale (mesoscopic) structures on silicon wafers.)&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* S. Sridhar and W. T. Lu, &quot;[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1019714808787.pdf Sinai Billiards, Ruelle Zeta-functions and Ruelle Resonances: Microwave Experiments]&quot;, (2002) &#039;&#039;Journal of Statistical Physics&#039;&#039;, Vol. &#039;&#039;&#039;108&#039;&#039;&#039; Nos. 5/6, pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;755–766.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Linas Vepstas, &#039;&#039;[http://www.linas.org/art-gallery/billiards/billiards.html Sinai&#039;s Billiards]&#039;&#039;, (2001). &#039;&#039;(Provides ray-traced images of Sinai&#039;s billiards in three-dimensional space. These images provide a graphic, intuitive demonstration of the strong ergodicity of the system.)&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*N. Chernov and R. Markarian, &quot;Chaotic Billiards&quot;, 2006, Mathematical survey and monographs nº 127, AMS.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* T. Schürmann and I. Hoffmann, &#039;&#039;The entropy of strange billiards inside n-simplexes.&#039;&#039; J. Phys. A28, page 5033ff, 1995. [https://arxiv.org/abs/nlin/0208048 PDF-Document]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flash/Chaos/Bunimovich/Bunimovich.html Flash animation illustrating the chaotic Bunimovich Stadium]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* M. V. Deryabin and L. D. Pustyl&#039;nikov, &quot;Generalized relativistic billiards&quot;, &#039;&#039;Reg. and Chaotic Dyn.&#039;&#039; 8(3), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;283–296 (2003).&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* M. V. Deryabin and L. D. Pustyl&#039;nikov, &quot;On Generalized Relativistic Billiards in External Force Fields&quot;, &#039;&#039;Letters in Mathematical Physics&#039;&#039;, 63(3), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;195–207 (2003).&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* M. V. Deryabin and L. D. Pustyl&#039;nikov, &quot;Exponential attractors in generalized relativistic billiards&quot;, &#039;&#039;Comm. Math. Phys.&#039;&#039; 248(3), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;527–552 (2004).&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Dynamical_billiards Scholarpedia entry on Dynamical Billiards] (Leonid Bunimovich)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Dynamical_billiards Scholarpedia entry on Dynamical Billiards] (Leonid Bunimovich)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[https://www.pks.mpg.de/de/nonlinear-dynamics-and-time-series-analysis/visualization-of-dynamical-systems/introduction-to-dynamical-systems-using-billiards/ Introduction to dynamical systems using billiards], Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[https://www.pks.mpg.de/de/nonlinear-dynamics-and-time-series-analysis/visualization-of-dynamical-systems/introduction-to-dynamical-systems-using-billiards/ Introduction to dynamical systems using billiards], Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biliar+dinamis&amp;amp;oldid=21501102 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 21501102 (2022-08-08T06:44:25Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!&lt;/ins&gt;-- &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 &lt;/ins&gt;--&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biliar+dinamis&amp;amp;oldid=21501102 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 21501102 (2022&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;08&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;08T06:44:25Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;BerbagiSerupa (CC BY&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Biliar_dinamis&amp;diff=8695&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21501102; atribusi sumber disertakan.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Biliar_dinamis&amp;diff=8695&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-25T03:33:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21501102; atribusi sumber disertakan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Halaman baru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Biliar dinamis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah [[sistem dinamis]] di mana partikel secara bergantian mengalami perubahan kondisi laju dari gerak bebas (umumnya sebagai gerak lurus) dan [[pantulan spekular]] pada garis batas. Ketika partikel menabrak garis batas, ia akan memantul tanpa kehilangan kecepatan ([[tumbukan elastis]]). Biliar adalah idealisasi [[mekanika Hamiltonian]] dari permainan [[biliar]], dengan garis batas tidak selalu berwujud segi empat, bahkan bisa berwujud multidimensi. Biliar dinamis juga dapat dipelajari pada [[geometri non-euklides]], bahkan studi pertama tentang biliar menetapkan [[teori ergodik|gerak ergodik]] bola biliar pada [[permukaan (matematika)|permukaan]] [[kurvatur]] yang secara kosntan negatif. Studi tentang biliar di mana bola biliar tetap berada di luar area, disebut dengan teori [[biliar luar]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gerak partikel biliar adalah garis lurus, dengan energi yang konstan antara [[pantulan (fisika)|pantulan-pantulan]] yang terjadi dengan garis batas (bersifat [[geodesik]] jika [[manifold Riemann|metrik Riemannian]] meja biliar tidak rata). Seluruh pantulan adalah bersifat spekular. [[Sudut datang]] sebelum tumbukan adalah setara dengan [[sudut pantul]] setelah tumbukan. Serangkaian pantulan dapat dipetakan, yang menggambarkan karakteristik dari gerak partikel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Biliar merangkum seluruh kompleksitas dari sistem Hamiltonian, dari [[integrabilitas]] hingga [[teori chaos]] tanpa kerumitan dalam mengintegrasikan [[persamaan gerak]] untuk menentukan [[peta Poincaré]]-nya.  [[George David Birkhoff]] menunjukkan bahwa sistem biliar dengan meja yang berbentuk elips bersifat terintegerasi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Referensi ==&lt;br /&gt;
*  (in English, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sov. Math Dokl.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;4&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1963) pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;1818–1822).&lt;br /&gt;
* Ya. G. Sinai, &amp;quot;Dynamical Systems with Elastic Reflections&amp;quot;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Russian Mathematical Surveys]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;25&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, (1970) pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;137–191.&lt;br /&gt;
* V. I. Arnold and A. Avez, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Théorie ergodique des systèms dynamiques&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, (1967), Gauthier-Villars, Paris. (English edition: Benjamin-Cummings, Reading, Mass. 1968). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;(Provides discussion and references for Sinai&amp;#039;s billiards.)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* D. Heitmann, J.P. Kotthaus, &amp;quot;The Spectroscopy of Quantum Dot Arrays&amp;quot;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Physics Today&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1993) pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;56–63. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;(Provides a review of experimental tests of quantum versions of Sinai&amp;#039;s billiards realized as nano-scale (mesoscopic) structures on silicon wafers.)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* S. Sridhar and W. T. Lu, &amp;quot;[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1019714808787.pdf Sinai Billiards, Ruelle Zeta-functions and Ruelle Resonances: Microwave Experiments]&amp;quot;, (2002) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Statistical Physics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Vol. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;108&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Nos. 5/6, pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;755–766.&lt;br /&gt;
* Linas Vepstas, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[http://www.linas.org/art-gallery/billiards/billiards.html Sinai&amp;#039;s Billiards]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, (2001). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;(Provides ray-traced images of Sinai&amp;#039;s billiards in three-dimensional space. These images provide a graphic, intuitive demonstration of the strong ergodicity of the system.)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*N. Chernov and R. Markarian, &amp;quot;Chaotic Billiards&amp;quot;, 2006, Mathematical survey and monographs nº 127, AMS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* T. Schürmann and I. Hoffmann, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The entropy of strange billiards inside n-simplexes.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; J. Phys. A28, page 5033ff, 1995. [https://arxiv.org/abs/nlin/0208048 PDF-Document]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flash/Chaos/Bunimovich/Bunimovich.html Flash animation illustrating the chaotic Bunimovich Stadium]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* M. V. Deryabin and L. D. Pustyl&amp;#039;nikov, &amp;quot;Generalized relativistic billiards&amp;quot;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Reg. and Chaotic Dyn.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 8(3), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;283–296 (2003).&lt;br /&gt;
* M. V. Deryabin and L. D. Pustyl&amp;#039;nikov, &amp;quot;On Generalized Relativistic Billiards in External Force Fields&amp;quot;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Letters in Mathematical Physics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 63(3), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;195–207 (2003).&lt;br /&gt;
* M. V. Deryabin and L. D. Pustyl&amp;#039;nikov, &amp;quot;Exponential attractors in generalized relativistic billiards&amp;quot;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Comm. Math. Phys.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 248(3), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;527–552 (2004).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pranala luar ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Dynamical_billiards Scholarpedia entry on Dynamical Billiards] (Leonid Bunimovich)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.pks.mpg.de/de/nonlinear-dynamics-and-time-series-analysis/visualization-of-dynamical-systems/introduction-to-dynamical-systems-using-billiards/ Introduction to dynamical systems using billiards], Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biliar+dinamis&amp;amp;oldid=21501102 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 21501102 (2022-08-08T06:44:25Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>