Braille bahasa Inggris - Riwayat revisi

Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

2026-08-24T09:08:23Z

Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi per 24 Agustus 2026 09.08
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	'''Braille bahasa Inggris''', juga dikenali sebagai ''Braille tingkat 2'', ialah [[Braille\|abjad braille]] yang digunakan untuk menulis [[bahasa Inggris]]. Braille ini terdiri dari 250 atau lebih huruf ([[fonogram]]), [[Digit\|angka]], tanda baca, tanda bentuk, kontraksi, dan singkatan ([[logogram]]). Beberapa huruf braille bahasa Inggris, seperti , sesuai dengan lebih dari satu huruf yang dicetak.		[[File:English_braille_sample.jpg\|thumb\|right\|280px\|English braille sample]]

			'''Braille bahasa Inggris''', juga dikenali sebagai ''Braille tingkat 2'',<ref>"Braille bahasa Inggris" biasanya merujuk kepada tingkat 2. Braille tingkat 1 yang lebih mendasar dan hanya digunakan oleh pelajar, ditetapkan sebagai "Braille bahasa Inggris tingkat 1" (Braille yang melalui pembelajaran jarak jauh).</ref> ialah [[Braille\|abjad braille]] yang digunakan untuk menulis [[bahasa Inggris]]. Braille ini terdiri dari 250 atau lebih huruf ([[fonogram]]), [[Digit\|angka]], tanda baca, tanda bentuk, kontraksi, dan singkatan ([[logogram]]). Beberapa huruf braille bahasa Inggris, seperti ,<ref>'''' akan digunakan untuk menunjukkan transkripsi huruf braille ke dalam abjad Latin.</ref> sesuai dengan lebih dari satu huruf yang dicetak.

	== Contoh ==		== Contoh ==
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	Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.		Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.


	~~== Catatan kaki ==~~


	== Pranala luar ==		== Pranala luar ==


	=== Kamus ===		=== Kamus ===
	* [http://www.brl.org/refdesk/conlookup.html BRL online contraction dictionary]		* [http://www.brl.org/refdesk/conlookup.html BRL online contraction dictionary]
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	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100403215834/http://www.avh.asso.fr/rubrics/association/association.php?langue=eng& Association Valentin Haüy]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100403215834/http://www.avh.asso.fr/rubrics/association/association.php?langue=eng& Association Valentin Haüy]
	* [http://www.brailleauthority.org/ Braille Authority of North America]		* [http://www.brailleauthority.org/ Braille Authority of North America]
	* [http://www.afb.org/braille.asp Braille – American Foundation for the Blind]		* [http://www.afb.org/braille.asp Braille – American Foundation for the Blind]
	* [http://www.nationalbrailleweek.org National Braille Week]		* [http://www.nationalbrailleweek.org National Braille Week]
	* [http://www.royalblind.org/scottishbraillepress/ Scottish Braille Press]		* [http://www.royalblind.org/scottishbraillepress/ Scottish Braille Press]
	* [http://www.rnib.org.uk Royal National Institute For The Blind]		* [http://www.rnib.org.uk Royal National Institute For The Blind]
	* [http://www.perkins.org/ Perkins School for the Blind]		* [http://www.perkins.org/ Perkins School for the Blind]
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	* [http://www.techadapt.com/ Accessible Media Center]		* [http://www.techadapt.com/ Accessible Media Center]
	* [http://www.nationalbraille.org/ National Braille Association, Inc.]		* [http://www.nationalbraille.org/ National Braille Association, Inc.]
	* [http://www.royalblind.org/ Royal Blind School.]		* [http://www.royalblind.org/ Royal Blind School.]
	* [http://www.brailleinstitute.org/ Braille Institute of America]		* [http://www.brailleinstitute.org/ Braille Institute of America]
	* [http://www.prociegos.com Comité Internacional ProCiegos, IAP – México]		* [http://www.prociegos.com Comité Internacional ProCiegos, IAP – México]
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	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100122190043/http://homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/braille.html Braille for various scripts]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100122190043/http://homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/braille.html Braille for various scripts]
	([[Wayback Machine]] copy)		([[Wayback Machine]] copy)
	* [https://www.tsbvi.edu/download-braille-and-asl-specialty-fonts Free Braille fonts]		* [https://www.tsbvi.edu/download-braille-and-asl-specialty-fonts Free Braille fonts]
	* [http://yudit.org/download/fonts/UBraille/UBraille.ttf Free Unicode Braille TTF font (supports all Braille scripts)]		* [http://yudit.org/download/fonts/UBraille/UBraille.ttf Free Unicode Braille TTF font (supports all Braille scripts)]
	* [http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Braille.html Free Unicode fonts which include Braille]		* [http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Braille.html Free Unicode fonts which include Braille]

			== Referensi ==
			<references />

			== Sumber dan atribusi ==

	== ~~Sumber~~ dan ~~atribusi ==~~		Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille+bahasa+Inggris&oldid=28621462 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28621462 (2025-11-25T01:46:16Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

	~~Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille+bahasa+Inggris&oldid=28621462 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28621462 (2025~~-11-~~25T01:46:16Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi~~-~~BerbagiSerupa (CC BY~~-~~SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.~~		<!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 -->

Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28621462; atribusi sumber disertakan.

2026-08-24T08:50:03Z

Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28621462; atribusi sumber disertakan.

Halaman baru

'''Braille bahasa Inggris''', juga dikenali sebagai ''Braille tingkat 2'', ialah [[Braille|abjad braille]] yang digunakan untuk menulis [[bahasa Inggris]]. Braille ini terdiri dari 250 atau lebih huruf ([[fonogram]]), [[Digit|angka]], tanda baca, tanda bentuk, kontraksi, dan singkatan ([[logogram]]). Beberapa huruf braille bahasa Inggris, seperti , sesuai dengan lebih dari satu huruf yang dicetak.

== Contoh ==
Teks berikut dalam braille bahasa Inggris yang disatukan dan Amerika tingkat 2 adalah sama:

Pasal 1 [[Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia]]

:
:
:

:''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
'''Terjemahan''':

Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.

== Catatan kaki ==

== Pranala luar ==

=== Kamus ===
* [http://www.brl.org/refdesk/conlookup.html BRL online contraction dictionary]
* [[wikt:Category:English Braille]]
* [http://www.duxburysystems.com/braillechart.asp Duxbury charts for Grade-2 Braille: American (BANA), British (BAUK), and UEB]

=== Organisasi ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100403215834/http://www.avh.asso.fr/rubrics/association/association.php?langue=eng& Association Valentin Haüy]
* [http://www.brailleauthority.org/ Braille Authority of North America]
* [http://www.afb.org/braille.asp Braille – American Foundation for the Blind]
* [http://www.nationalbrailleweek.org National Braille Week]
* [http://www.royalblind.org/scottishbraillepress/ Scottish Braille Press]
* [http://www.rnib.org.uk Royal National Institute For The Blind]
* [http://www.perkins.org/ Perkins School for the Blind]
* [http://www.nbp.org/ National Braille Press] – offers a [http://www.nbp.org/ic/nbp/braille/index.html?id=PZoXeJDm free Braille alphabet card]
* [http://www.atpc.net/ Alternate Text Production Center]
* [http://www.techadapt.com/ Accessible Media Center]
* [http://www.nationalbraille.org/ National Braille Association, Inc.]
* [http://www.royalblind.org/ Royal Blind School.]
* [http://www.brailleinstitute.org/ Braille Institute of America]
* [http://www.prociegos.com Comité Internacional ProCiegos, IAP – México]

==== Perpustakaan ====
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030417231805/http://www.nlb-online.org/ The National Library for the Blind]
* [http://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au Libraries Australia] – catalog of Braille in 800+ Australian libraries
* [http://www.wtbbl.org Washington Talking Book & Braille Library] – serving residents of the State of Washington, USA
* [[Braille Institute]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090417062053/http://brailleinstitute.org/braille_institute_library_online_catalog%20 Online Public Access Catalog]

=== Pembelajaran ===
* National Center on Low-Incidence Disabilities: [http://wesbraille.org/lesson.php?num=0 NLS Braille Transcription]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080926163739/http://www.amdsupport.ca/articles/26/1/Learn-Braille-on-the-Internet-for-Free/Page1.html Learn Braille on the Internet For Free]
* [http://www.afb.org/braillebug/ Braille Bug – an educational site for kids, from the American Foundation for the Blind]
* [http://www.brl.org BRL: Braille Through Remote Learning]
* [http://www.braillevirtual.fe.usp.br On-line Braille Course of University of São Paulo]
* [http://byronknoll.com/braille.html Online Braille Generator]
* [http://www.nbp.org/ic/nbp/braille/index.html?id=PZoXeJDm A Braille alphabet card]
* [http://english.fakoo.de/braille-learn.html Learn Braille online], change own text to Braille, Braille Writer Simulator and more
* [http://www.braillechallenge.org/ Braille Challenge competition for blind students in North America]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100311015728/http://www.loc.gov/nls/bds/bana/bana_entire.pdf English Braille, American Edition 1994, 2002 revision. (The official standard from the Braille Authority of North America)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100601061813/http://www.nfb.org/images/nfb/documents/pdf/NLS%205th%20ED-Electronic%20Version.pdf Instruction manual for Braille Transcribing (New 2009 Edition) from the Library of Congress Braille Transcription and Certification Program]

=== Sejarah ===
* [http://www.avh.asso.fr/rubriques/infos_braille/bicentenaire_louis_braille.php Proceedings of “Braille 1809–2009: Writing with six dots and its future”], international conference held at the Headquarters of UNESCO (Paris) from 5 to 8 January 2009
* [http://www.afb.org/louisbraille Celebrating 200 Years of Braille]
* [http://www.afb.org/louisbraillemuseum Louis Braille Online Museum]—An all-new illustrated exhibit traces the history of braille and the life of this remarkable inventor.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160802204748/http://www.brailler.com/braillehx.htm How Braille Began]—a detailed history of Braille's origins and the people who supported and opposed the system.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100326203049/http://www.nyise.org/blind/irwin2.htm Robert B. Irwin's ''As I Saw It''], 1955, gives a history of the "War of the Dots" that ultimately led to the adoption of the English form of the Braille literary code in the United States and the demise of [[American Braille]] and [[New York Point]], its main competitors.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=HykDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA24 Making a Newspaper For Sightless Readers: By means of raised dots and lines embossed on manila paper, news of the world is conveyed to the fingertips of the blind] [[Popular Science]]( monthly, January 1919, page 24–25, Scanned by Google Books )

=== Dokumen ===
* [http://www.brl.org/ebae/ English Braille: American Edition]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130718034535/http://www.iceb.org/The%20Rules%20of%20Unified%20English%20Braille20100617.pdf The Rules of Unified English Braille] ([[PDF]])
* [http://loc.gov/nls/bds/manual/ Library of Congress ''Instructional Manual for Braille Transcribing'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516034338/http://www.tiresias.org/publications/reports/braille_cell.htm Details on Braille cell representation]
* [http://www.iceb.org/ubc.html Unified (English) Braille Code] (including information specific to British Braille)

=== Hukum ===
* [http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#121 US copyright exemption for Braille]

=== Sumber daya komputer ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100122190043/http://homepages.cwi.nl/~dik/english/codes/braille.html Braille for various scripts]
([[Wayback Machine]] copy)
* [https://www.tsbvi.edu/download-braille-and-asl-specialty-fonts Free Braille fonts]
* [http://yudit.org/download/fonts/UBraille/UBraille.ttf Free Unicode Braille TTF font (supports all Braille scripts)]
* [http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Braille.html Free Unicode fonts which include Braille]

== Sumber dan atribusi ==

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braille+bahasa+Inggris&oldid=28621462 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28621462 (2025-11-25T01:46:16Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.