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	<title>Fungsi gamma - Riwayat revisi</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-16T03:43:51Z</updated>
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		<title>Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</title>
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		<updated>2026-08-24T23:09:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 24 Agustus 2026 23.09&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:Gamma_plot.svg|thumb|right|280px|Gamma plot]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Di dalam [[matematika]], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;fungsi gamma&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (disajikan oleh huruf kapital [[abjad Yunani|Yunani]]&amp;amp;nbsp;[[gamma|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Γ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]]) merupakan ekstensi atau perluasan dari [[fungsi (matematika)|fungsi]] [[faktorial]], dengan argumennya digeser turun oleh 1, ke [[bilangan real]] dan [[bilangan kompleks|kompleks]]. Yaitu, jika &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah [[bilangan bulat]] [[positif]], maka:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Di dalam [[matematika]], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;fungsi gamma&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (disajikan oleh huruf kapital [[abjad Yunani|Yunani]]&amp;amp;nbsp;[[gamma|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Γ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]]) merupakan ekstensi atau perluasan dari [[fungsi (matematika)|fungsi]] [[faktorial]], dengan argumennya digeser turun oleh 1, ke [[bilangan real]] dan [[bilangan kompleks|kompleks]]. Yaitu, jika &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah [[bilangan bulat]] [[positif]], maka:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!\,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!\,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l10&quot;&gt;Baris 10:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Motivasi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Motivasi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fungsi gamma dapat dipandang sebagai solusi bagi persoalan [[interpolasi]] berikut ini:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fungsi gamma dapat dipandang sebagai solusi bagi persoalan [[interpolasi]] berikut ini:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l25&quot;&gt;Baris 25:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 25:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;untuk &#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039; yang sama dengan bilangan real positif. [[Teorema Bohr–Mollerup]] membuktikan bahwa sifat-sifat ini, bersama-sama dengan asumsi bahwa &#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039; [[konveks logaritmik]] (alias: &quot;superkonveks&quot;), menentukan &#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039; secara unik untuk &#039;&#039;input&#039;&#039; bilangan real positif. Dari sana, fungsi gamma dapat diperluas ke nilai-nilai real dan kompleks (kecuali bilangan bulat negatif dan nol) dengan menggunakan [[kekontinuan analitik]] &#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039; yang unik.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;untuk &#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039; yang sama dengan bilangan real positif. [[Teorema Bohr–Mollerup]] membuktikan bahwa sifat-sifat ini, bersama-sama dengan asumsi bahwa &#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039; [[konveks logaritmik]] (alias: &quot;superkonveks&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kingman, J.F.C. 1961. A convexity property of positive matrices. Quart. J. Math. Oxford (2) 12,283-284.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;), menentukan &#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039; secara unik untuk &#039;&#039;input&#039;&#039; bilangan real positif. Dari sana, fungsi gamma dapat diperluas ke nilai-nilai real dan kompleks (kecuali bilangan bulat negatif dan nol) dengan menggunakan [[kekontinuan analitik]] &#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039; yang unik.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Definisi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Definisi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Definisi utama ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Definisi utama ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Notasi Γ(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) digunakan atas jasa [[Adrien-Marie Legendre|Legendre]]. Jika bagian real bilangan kompleks&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah positif (Re(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;0), maka [[integral]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Notasi Γ(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) digunakan atas jasa [[Adrien-Marie Legendre|Legendre]]. Jika bagian real bilangan kompleks&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah positif (Re(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;0), maka [[integral]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l76&quot;&gt;Baris 76:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 73:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Fungsi log-gamma ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Fungsi log-gamma ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Perkiraan ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Perkiraan ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Aplikasi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Aplikasi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sejarah ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sejarah ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Kepustakaan ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Kepustakaan ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Milton Abramowitz dan Irene A. Stegun, eds. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; New York: Dover, 1972. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[http://www.math.sfu.ca/~cbm/aands/page_253.htm (Lihat Bab 6)] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Milton Abramowitz dan Irene A. Stegun, eds. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; New York: Dover, 1972. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[http://www.math.sfu.ca/~cbm/aands/page_253.htm (Lihat Bab 6)] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* G. E. Andrews, R. Askey, R. Roy, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Special Functions&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, [[Cambridge University Press]], 2001. ISBN 978-0-521-78988-2. Bab Satu, membahas fungsi beta dan gamma, cukup definitif dan ramah-pembaca.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* G. E. Andrews, R. Askey, R. Roy, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Special Functions&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, [[Cambridge University Press]], 2001. ISBN 978-0-521-78988-2. Bab Satu, membahas fungsi beta dan gamma, cukup definitif dan ramah-pembaca.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Emil Artin]], &amp;quot;The Gamma Function&amp;quot;, in Rosen, Michael (ed.) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Exposition by Emil Artin: a selection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; History of Mathematics 30. Providence, RI: [[American Mathematical Society]] (2006).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Emil Artin]], &amp;quot;The Gamma Function&amp;quot;, in Rosen, Michael (ed.) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Exposition by Emil Artin: a selection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; History of Mathematics 30. Providence, RI: [[American Mathematical Society]] (2006).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* P. E. Böhmer, ´´Differenzengleichungen und bestimmte Integrale´´, Köhler Verlag, Leipzig, 1939.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* P. E. Böhmer, ´´Differenzengleichungen und bestimmte Integrale´´, Köhler Verlag, Leipzig, 1939.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* James D. Bonnar, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Gamma Function&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. CreateSpace Publishing, Seattle, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4636-9429-6. Sebuah buku yang cermat dan sistematis yang sepenuhnya membahas fungsi gamma.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* James D. Bonnar, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Gamma Function&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. CreateSpace Publishing, Seattle, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4636-9429-6. Sebuah buku yang cermat dan sistematis yang sepenuhnya membahas fungsi gamma.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Philip J. Davis, &amp;quot;Leonhard Euler&amp;#039;s Integral: A Historical Profile of the Gamma Function,&amp;quot; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[American Mathematical Monthly]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;66&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 849-869 (1959)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Philip J. Davis, &amp;quot;Leonhard Euler&amp;#039;s Integral: A Historical Profile of the Gamma Function,&amp;quot; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[American Mathematical Monthly]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;66&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 849-869 (1959)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* O. R. Rocktaeschel, ´´Methoden zur Berechnung der Gammafunktion für komplexes Argument``, [[Technische Universität Dresden|University of Dresden]], Dresden, 1922.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* O. R. Rocktaeschel, ´´Methoden zur Berechnung der Gammafunktion für komplexes Argument``, [[Technische Universität Dresden|University of Dresden]], Dresden, 1922.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Nico M. Temme, &amp;quot;Special Functions: An Introduction to the Classical Functions of Mathematical Physics&amp;quot;, [[John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons]], New York, ISBN 0-471-11313-1,1996.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Nico M. Temme, &amp;quot;Special Functions: An Introduction to the Classical Functions of Mathematical Physics&amp;quot;, [[John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons]], New York, ISBN 0-471-11313-1,1996.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l101&quot;&gt;Baris 101:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 91:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Pascal Sebah dan Xavier Gourdon. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Introduction to the Gamma Function&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Di dalam format [http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/gammaFunction.ps PostScript]  dan [http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/gammaFunction.html HTML] .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Pascal Sebah dan Xavier Gourdon. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Introduction to the Gamma Function&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Di dalam format [http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/gammaFunction.ps PostScript]  dan [http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/gammaFunction.html HTML] .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/tgamma Referensi C++ untuk &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;std::tgamma&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/tgamma Referensi C++ untuk &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;std::tgamma&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Contoh-contoh soal yang melibatkan fungsi gamma dapat ditemukan di [http://www.exampleproblems.com/wiki/index.php?title=Special_Functions Exampleproblems.com] .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Contoh-contoh soal yang melibatkan fungsi gamma dapat ditemukan di [http://www.exampleproblems.com/wiki/index.php?title=Special_Functions Exampleproblems.com] .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001), [http://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=p/g043310 &amp;quot;Gamma function&amp;quot;], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Encyclopedia of Mathematics]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, [[Springer]], ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001), [http://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=p/g043310 &amp;quot;Gamma function&amp;quot;], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Encyclopedia of Mathematics]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, [[Springer]], ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://functions.wolfram.com/webMathematica/FunctionEvaluation.jsp?name=Gamma Penilai fungsi gamma Wolfram (ketelitian sembarang)]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://functions.wolfram.com/webMathematica/FunctionEvaluation.jsp?name=Gamma Penilai fungsi gamma Wolfram (ketelitian sembarang)]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://functions.wolfram.com/GammaBetaErf/Gamma/ Gamma]  di Situs Fungsi [[Wolfram Research|Wolfram]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://functions.wolfram.com/GammaBetaErf/Gamma/ Gamma]  di Situs Fungsi [[Wolfram Research|Wolfram]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath163/kmath163.htm Volume of n-Spheres and the Gamma Function]  di MathPages&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath163/kmath163.htm Volume of n-Spheres and the Gamma Function]  di MathPages&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Eric W. Weisstein|Weisstein, Eric W.]], &amp;quot;[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaFunction.html Gamma Function] &amp;quot; dari [[MathWorld]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Eric W. Weisstein|Weisstein, Eric W.]], &amp;quot;[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaFunction.html Gamma Function] &amp;quot; dari [[MathWorld]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/3507375/500-Integrals-of-Elementary-and-Special-Functions, &quot;Elementary Proofs and Derivations&quot;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/3507375/500-Integrals-of-Elementary-and-Special-Functions, &quot;Elementary Proofs and Derivations&quot;]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5836783/Selected-Transformations-Identities--and-Special-Values--for-the-Gamma-Function, &quot;Selected Transformations, Identities, and Special Values for the Gamma Function&quot;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5836783/Selected-Transformations-Identities--and-Special-Values--for-the-Gamma-Function, &quot;Selected Transformations, Identities, and Special Values for the Gamma Function&quot;]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Artikel ini memuat bahan-bahan dari artikel Citizendium yang berjudul &amp;quot;Gamma function&amp;quot;, yang berlisensi di bawah &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, tetapi tidak di bawah GFDL.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Artikel ini memuat bahan-bahan dari artikel Citizendium yang berjudul &amp;quot;Gamma function&amp;quot;, yang berlisensi di bawah &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, tetapi tidak di bawah GFDL.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sumber &lt;/del&gt;dan &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;atribusi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Fungsi+gamma&amp;amp;oldid&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;28588670 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28588670 (2025-11-21T13:51:17Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons &lt;/ins&gt;dan &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fungsi+gamma&amp;amp;oldid=28588670 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28588670 (2025&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;21T13:51:17Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;BerbagiSerupa (CC BY&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!&lt;/ins&gt;-- &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 &lt;/ins&gt;--&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Fungsi_gamma&amp;diff=8010&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28588670; atribusi sumber disertakan.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Fungsi_gamma&amp;diff=8010&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-24T22:46:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28588670; atribusi sumber disertakan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Halaman baru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Di dalam [[matematika]], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;fungsi gamma&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (disajikan oleh huruf kapital [[abjad Yunani|Yunani]]&amp;amp;nbsp;[[gamma|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Γ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]]) merupakan ekstensi atau perluasan dari [[fungsi (matematika)|fungsi]] [[faktorial]], dengan argumennya digeser turun oleh 1, ke [[bilangan real]] dan [[bilangan kompleks|kompleks]]. Yaitu, jika &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah [[bilangan bulat]] [[positif]], maka:&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!\,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fungsi gamma didefinisikan untuk semua bilangan kompleks, kecuali bilangan bulat negatif dan nol. Untuk bilangan kompleks yang bagian realnya positif, fungsi gamma terdefinisi melalui sebuah [[integral takwajar]] yang konvergen:&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; \Gamma(z) = \int_0^\infty  t^{z-1} e^{-t}\,{\rm d}t.&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fungsi integral ini diperluas oleh [[kekontinuan analitik]] terhadap semua bilangan kompleks, kecuali bilangan bulat tak-positif (di mana fungsi ini memiliki kutub-kutub yang sederhana), menghasilkan [[fungsi meromorfik]] yang kita sebut fungsi gamma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fungsi gamma adalah sebuah komponen di dalam berbagai fungsi distribusi peluang, dan dengan demikian fungsi gamma dapat diterapkan pada cabang [[probabilitas|peluang]] dan [[statistika]], serta [[kombinatorika]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Motivasi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fungsi gamma dapat dipandang sebagai solusi bagi persoalan [[interpolasi]] berikut ini:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;quot;Tentukanlah sebuah [[lipatan terdiferensialkan|kurva mulus]] yang menghubungkan titik-titik&amp;amp;nbsp;(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;y&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) yang diberikan oleh&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;y&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;=&amp;amp;nbsp;(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;−&amp;amp;nbsp;1)&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;!&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; pada nilai-nilai bilangan bulat positif untuk&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plot beberapa faktorial pertama memperjelas bahwa kurva tersebut dapat dilukis, tetapi akan lebih baik jika diketahui sebuah rumus yang secara tepat menggambarkan kurva tersebut, di mana banyaknya operasi tidak bergantung kepada ukuran &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Rumus sederhana untuk faktorial,&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;!&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; = 1 × 2 × ... × &amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, tidak dapat digunakan secara langsung untuk nilai-nilai pecahan&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039; karena ia hanya akan sahih ketika&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039; merupakan [[bilangan asli]] (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;yakni&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, bilangan bulat positif). Tidak terdapat solusi sederhana untuk faktorial; sembarang paduan perjumlahan, perkalian, perpangkatan, [[fungsi eksponensial]], atau [[logaritma]] dengan sebuah bilangan tetap dari suku-suku yang terlibat tidak akan cukup untuk menyatakan&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;!&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;. [[Hampiran Stirling]] secara asimtotik sama dengan fungsi faktorial untuk nilai x yang cukup besar. Adalah dimungkinkan untuk menentukan rumus umum faktorial dengan menggunakan alat seperti [[integral]] dan [[limit]] dari [[kalkulus]]. Solusi yang baik untuk masalah ini adalah fungsi gamma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Terdapat tak-hingga banyaknya perluasan kontinu faktorial ke bilangan-bilangan takbulat: terdapat tak-hingga banyaknya kurva yang dapat dilukis melalui sembarang himpunan titik-titik yang terkucil. Fungsi gamma adalah solusi yang paling praktis, bersifat [[fungsi analitik|analitik]] (kecuali untuk bilangan bulat tak-positif), dan fungsi gamma dapat dikarakterisasi dalam beberapa cara. Meskipun demikian, fungsi gamma bukanlah satu-satunya fungsi analitik yang memperluas faktorial, karena jika dilakukan penambahan suatu fungsi analitik yakni nol pada bilangan bulat positif akan memberi fungsi lain dengan sifat itu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
f(1) &amp;amp; = 1\,\text{, dan} \\&lt;br /&gt;
f(x+1) &amp;amp;= x f(x)\,,&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
untuk &amp;#039;&amp;#039;x&amp;#039;&amp;#039; yang sama dengan bilangan real positif. [[Teorema Bohr–Mollerup]] membuktikan bahwa sifat-sifat ini, bersama-sama dengan asumsi bahwa &amp;#039;&amp;#039;f&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [[konveks logaritmik]] (alias: &amp;quot;superkonveks&amp;quot;), menentukan &amp;#039;&amp;#039;f&amp;#039;&amp;#039; secara unik untuk &amp;#039;&amp;#039;input&amp;#039;&amp;#039; bilangan real positif. Dari sana, fungsi gamma dapat diperluas ke nilai-nilai real dan kompleks (kecuali bilangan bulat negatif dan nol) dengan menggunakan [[kekontinuan analitik]] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;f&amp;#039;&amp;#039; yang unik.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Definisi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Definisi utama ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notasi Γ(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) digunakan atas jasa [[Adrien-Marie Legendre|Legendre]]. Jika bagian real bilangan kompleks&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah positif (Re(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;0), maka [[integral]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Gamma(z) = \int_0^\infty  t^{z-1} e^{-t}\,{\rm d}t&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[konvergensi mutlak|konvergen mutlak]], dan dikenal sebagai &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Integral Euler]] jenis kedua&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Integral Euler jenis pertama mendefinisikan [[fungsi Beta]]). Dengan menggunakan [[integrasi parsial]], akan diketahui bahwa fungsi gamma memenuhi [[persamaan fungsional]]:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Gamma(z+1)=z \, \Gamma(z).&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pemaduan ini dengan Γ(1) = 1, menghasilkan:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Gamma(n) = 1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 \dots (n-1) = (n-1)!\,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
untuk setiap bilangan bulat positif&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Identitas&amp;amp;nbsp;Γ(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&amp;amp;nbsp;=&amp;amp;nbsp;Γ(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;+1)&amp;amp;nbsp;/&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039; dapat digunakan (atau [[kekontinuan analitik]] dapat digunakan, juga memberikan hasil yang sama) untuk memperluas perumusan integral bagi&amp;amp;nbsp;Γ(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) ke suatu [[fungsi meromorfik]] yang terdefinisi untuk setiap bilangan kompleks&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, kecuali&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;=&amp;amp;nbsp;−&amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039; untuk bilangan bulat&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;≥&amp;amp;nbsp;0, di mana fungsi memiliki kutub-kutub sederhana dengan [[Residu (analisis kompleks)|residu]] (−1)&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/&amp;#039;&amp;#039;n&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;!&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Inilah versi yang diperluas yang biasa disebut sebagai fungsi gamma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Definisi alternatif ===&lt;br /&gt;
Definisi-definisi [[perkalian takhingga]] untuk fungsi gamma, masing-masing oleh [[Leonhard Euler|Euler]] dan [[Karl Weierstrass|Weierstrass]], adalah sahih untuk setiap bilangan kompleks&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, kecuali bilangan bulat tak-positif:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
\Gamma(z) &amp;amp;= \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{n! \; n^z}{z \; (z+1)\cdots(z+n)}&lt;br /&gt;
= \frac{1}{z} \prod_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^z}{1+\frac{z}{n}}&lt;br /&gt;
\\&lt;br /&gt;
\Gamma(z) &amp;amp;= \frac{e^{-\gamma z}}{z} \prod_{n=1}^\infty \left(1 + \frac{z}{n}\right)^{-1} e^{z/n}&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
di mana &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\gamma \approx 0.577216 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; merupakan [[konstanta Euler–Mascheroni]].&lt;br /&gt;
Adalah mudah untuk menunjukkan bahwa definisi Euler memenuhi [[persamaan fungsional]] (1) di atas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sebuah parametrisasi fungsi gamma diberikan dalam suku-suku [[polinom Laguerre|polinom Laguerre yang diperumum]],&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Gamma(z)=t^z \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{L_n^{(z)}(t)}{z+n}\,,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; yang konvergen ke &amp;amp;nbsp;Re(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;&amp;amp;nbsp;1/2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dalam cara yang berbeda, dapat ditunjukkan bahwa&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
\Gamma(z) = \int_0^\infty  e^{-t^{1/(z-1)}}\,dt \,,&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
dengan bagian real &amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039; lebih besar daripada 1.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Fungsi log-gamma ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Perkiraan ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Aplikasi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sejarah ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Referensi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Kepustakaan ==&lt;br /&gt;
* Milton Abramowitz dan Irene A. Stegun, eds. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; New York: Dover, 1972. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[http://www.math.sfu.ca/~cbm/aands/page_253.htm (Lihat Bab 6)] &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* G. E. Andrews, R. Askey, R. Roy, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Special Functions&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, [[Cambridge University Press]], 2001. ISBN 978-0-521-78988-2. Bab Satu, membahas fungsi beta dan gamma, cukup definitif dan ramah-pembaca.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Emil Artin]], &amp;quot;The Gamma Function&amp;quot;, in Rosen, Michael (ed.) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Exposition by Emil Artin: a selection&amp;#039;&amp;#039;; History of Mathematics 30. Providence, RI: [[American Mathematical Society]] (2006).&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
* P. E. Böhmer, ´´Differenzengleichungen und bestimmte Integrale´´, Köhler Verlag, Leipzig, 1939.&lt;br /&gt;
* James D. Bonnar, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Gamma Function&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. CreateSpace Publishing, Seattle, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4636-9429-6. Sebuah buku yang cermat dan sistematis yang sepenuhnya membahas fungsi gamma.&lt;br /&gt;
* Philip J. Davis, &amp;quot;Leonhard Euler&amp;#039;s Integral: A Historical Profile of the Gamma Function,&amp;quot; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[American Mathematical Monthly]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;66&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 849-869 (1959)&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
* O. R. Rocktaeschel, ´´Methoden zur Berechnung der Gammafunktion für komplexes Argument``, [[Technische Universität Dresden|University of Dresden]], Dresden, 1922.&lt;br /&gt;
* Nico M. Temme, &amp;quot;Special Functions: An Introduction to the Classical Functions of Mathematical Physics&amp;quot;, [[John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons]], New York, ISBN 0-471-11313-1,1996.&lt;br /&gt;
* E. T. Whittaker dan G. N. Watson, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;A Course of Modern Analysis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Cambridge University Press (1927; cetak-ulang 1996) ISBN 978-0-521-58807-2&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pranala luar ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Pascal Sebah dan Xavier Gourdon. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Introduction to the Gamma Function&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Di dalam format [http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/gammaFunction.ps PostScript]  dan [http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/gammaFunction.html HTML] .&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/tgamma Referensi C++ untuk &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;std::tgamma&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
* Contoh-contoh soal yang melibatkan fungsi gamma dapat ditemukan di [http://www.exampleproblems.com/wiki/index.php?title=Special_Functions Exampleproblems.com] .&lt;br /&gt;
* Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001), [http://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=p/g043310 &amp;quot;Gamma function&amp;quot;], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Encyclopedia of Mathematics]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, [[Springer]], ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://functions.wolfram.com/webMathematica/FunctionEvaluation.jsp?name=Gamma Penilai fungsi gamma Wolfram (ketelitian sembarang)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://functions.wolfram.com/GammaBetaErf/Gamma/ Gamma]  di Situs Fungsi [[Wolfram Research|Wolfram]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath163/kmath163.htm Volume of n-Spheres and the Gamma Function]  di MathPages&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eric W. Weisstein|Weisstein, Eric W.]], &amp;quot;[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GammaFunction.html Gamma Function] &amp;quot; dari [[MathWorld]].&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/3507375/500-Integrals-of-Elementary-and-Special-Functions, &amp;quot;Elementary Proofs and Derivations&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5836783/Selected-Transformations-Identities--and-Special-Values--for-the-Gamma-Function, &amp;quot;Selected Transformations, Identities, and Special Values for the Gamma Function&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
* Artikel ini memuat bahan-bahan dari artikel Citizendium yang berjudul &amp;quot;Gamma function&amp;quot;, yang berlisensi di bawah &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, tetapi tidak di bawah GFDL.&lt;br /&gt;
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== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fungsi+gamma&amp;amp;oldid=28588670 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28588670 (2025-11-21T13:51:17Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
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