https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Groin Groin - Riwayat revisi 2026-09-16T16:38:31Z Riwayat revisi halaman ini di wiki MediaWiki 1.46.0 https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Groin&diff=29242&oldid=prev Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi 2026-08-30T04:14:04Z <p>Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw-interface=""> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="id"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Revisi sebelumnya</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revisi per 30 Agustus 2026 04.14</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Baris 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Baris 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#039;&#039;&#039;Groin&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah struktur hidrolik keras yang dibangun tegak lurus terhadap garis pantai (dalam [[teknik pantai]]) atau tepi sungai. Struktur ini bertujuan untuk mengganggu aliran air dan membatasi pergerakan [[sedimen]]. Material yang umum digunakan untuk membuat struktur ini antara lain kayu, beton, atau batu. Groin di laut bertujuan untuk [[Evolusi pantai|membentuk pantai]] atau mencegah erosi pantai akibat [[Arus sejajar pantai|hanyutan sejajar pantai]], atau memfasilitasi [[penambahan pasir pantai]]. Di sungai, groin memperlambat laju erosi dan mencegah terjadinya akumulasi es di permukaan.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#039;&#039;&#039;Groin&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah struktur hidrolik keras yang dibangun tegak lurus terhadap garis pantai (dalam [[teknik pantai]]) atau tepi sungai. Struktur ini bertujuan untuk mengganggu aliran air dan membatasi pergerakan [[sedimen]]. Material yang umum digunakan untuk membuat struktur ini antara lain kayu, beton, atau batu. Groin di laut bertujuan untuk [[Evolusi pantai|membentuk pantai]] atau mencegah erosi pantai akibat [[Arus sejajar pantai|hanyutan sejajar pantai]], atau memfasilitasi [[penambahan pasir pantai]]. Di sungai, groin memperlambat laju erosi dan mencegah terjadinya akumulasi es di permukaan.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Referensi ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Catatan ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Catatan ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Construction Industry Research and Information Association (1990) ''Groynes in coastal engineering : data on performance of existing groyne systems'', CIRIA technical note '''135''', London : CIRIA,  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Construction Industry Research and Information Association (1990) ''Groynes in coastal engineering : data on performance of existing groyne systems'', CIRIA technical note '''135''', London : CIRIA,</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Crossman, M. and Simm, J. (2004) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws0mE2im--QC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI#PPP1,M1 Manual on the use of timber in coastal and river engineering]'', HR Wallingford,  London : Thomas Telford,  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Crossman, M. and Simm, J. (2004) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws0mE2im--QC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI#PPP1,M1 Manual on the use of timber in coastal and river engineering]'', HR Wallingford,  London : Thomas Telford,</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* French, P.W. (2001) ''Coastal defences : processes, problems and solutions'', London : Routledge,  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* French, P.W. (2001) ''Coastal defences : processes, problems and solutions'', London : Routledge,</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Hoyle, J.W. and King, J.T. (1971) ''The principles of coast protection'', Lyndhurst : the authors,  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Hoyle, J.W. and King, J.T. (1971) ''The principles of coast protection'', Lyndhurst : the authors,</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Przedwojski, B., Błażejewski, R and Pilarczyk, K.W. (1995) ''River training techniques : fundamentals, design and applications'', Rotterdam : Balkema,  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Przedwojski, B., Błażejewski, R and Pilarczyk, K.W. (1995) ''River training techniques : fundamentals, design and applications'', Rotterdam : Balkema,</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Walker, D.J. (1987) &#039;&#039;Nearshore hydrodynamics and the behaviour of groynes on sandy beaches&#039;&#039;, PhD thesis, Imperial College London, 277 p.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Walker, D.J. (1987) &#039;&#039;Nearshore hydrodynamics and the behaviour of groynes on sandy beaches&#039;&#039;, PhD thesis, Imperial College London, 277 p.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*  Also published in the &#039;&#039;Delft Hydraulics Select Series&#039;&#039; (No. 7/2005).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*  Also published in the &#039;&#039;Delft Hydraulics Select Series&#039;&#039; (No. 7/2005).</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Pranala luar ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Pranala luar ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160322133003/http://www.citg.tudelft.nl/nl/over-faculteit/afdelingen/hydraulic-engineering/sections/coastal-engineering/staff/verhagen-hj/miscellaneous/groynes-nl Groynes in the Netherlands]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160322133003/http://www.citg.tudelft.nl/nl/over-faculteit/afdelingen/hydraulic-engineering/sections/coastal-engineering/staff/verhagen-hj/miscellaneous/groynes-nl Groynes in the Netherlands]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070826160750/http://www.channelcoast.org/programme_design/defence_type/?link=groynes.html Channel Coastal Observatory - Groynes]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070826160750/http://www.channelcoast.org/programme_design/defence_type/?link=groynes.html Channel Coastal Observatory - Groynes]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.coastalwiki.org/coastalwiki/Groynes_as_shore_protection Coastal Wiki portal]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.coastalwiki.org/coastalwiki/Groynes_as_shore_protection Coastal Wiki portal]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Sumber dan atribusi ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Sumber dan atribusi ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groin&amp;oldid=24114039 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 24114039 (2023-09-01T10:09:10Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groin&amp;oldid=24114039 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 24114039 (2023-09-01T10:09:10Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 --&gt;</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key wiki_unissula_recovered:diff:1.41:old-28843:rev-29242:php=table --> </table> Maintenance script https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Groin&diff=28843&oldid=prev Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 24114039; atribusi sumber disertakan. 2026-08-30T03:50:16Z <p>Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 24114039; atribusi sumber disertakan.</p> <p><b>Halaman baru</b></p><div>&#039;&#039;&#039;Groin&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah struktur hidrolik keras yang dibangun tegak lurus terhadap garis pantai (dalam [[teknik pantai]]) atau tepi sungai. Struktur ini bertujuan untuk mengganggu aliran air dan membatasi pergerakan [[sedimen]]. Material yang umum digunakan untuk membuat struktur ini antara lain kayu, beton, atau batu. Groin di laut bertujuan untuk [[Evolusi pantai|membentuk pantai]] atau mencegah erosi pantai akibat [[Arus sejajar pantai|hanyutan sejajar pantai]], atau memfasilitasi [[penambahan pasir pantai]]. Di sungai, groin memperlambat laju erosi dan mencegah terjadinya akumulasi es di permukaan.<br /> <br /> == Referensi ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Catatan ==<br /> <br /> * Construction Industry Research and Information Association (1990) &#039;&#039;Groynes in coastal engineering : data on performance of existing groyne systems&#039;&#039;, CIRIA technical note &#039;&#039;&#039;135&#039;&#039;&#039;, London : CIRIA,<br /> * Crossman, M. and Simm, J. (2004) &#039;&#039;[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws0mE2im--QC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI#PPP1,M1 Manual on the use of timber in coastal and river engineering]&#039;&#039;, HR Wallingford, London : Thomas Telford,<br /> * French, P.W. (2001) &#039;&#039;Coastal defences : processes, problems and solutions&#039;&#039;, London : Routledge,<br /> * Hoyle, J.W. and King, J.T. (1971) &#039;&#039;The principles of coast protection&#039;&#039;, Lyndhurst : the authors,<br /> * Przedwojski, B., Błażejewski, R and Pilarczyk, K.W. (1995) &#039;&#039;River training techniques : fundamentals, design and applications&#039;&#039;, Rotterdam : Balkema,<br /> * Walker, D.J. (1987) &#039;&#039;Nearshore hydrodynamics and the behaviour of groynes on sandy beaches&#039;&#039;, PhD thesis, Imperial College London, 277 p.<br /> * Also published in the &#039;&#039;Delft Hydraulics Select Series&#039;&#039; (No. 7/2005).<br /> <br /> == Pranala luar ==<br /> <br /> <br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160322133003/http://www.citg.tudelft.nl/nl/over-faculteit/afdelingen/hydraulic-engineering/sections/coastal-engineering/staff/verhagen-hj/miscellaneous/groynes-nl Groynes in the Netherlands]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070826160750/http://www.channelcoast.org/programme_design/defence_type/?link=groynes.html Channel Coastal Observatory - Groynes]<br /> *<br /> * [http://www.coastalwiki.org/coastalwiki/Groynes_as_shore_protection Coastal Wiki portal]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sumber dan atribusi ==<br /> <br /> Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groin&amp;oldid=24114039 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 24114039 (2023-09-01T10:09:10Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). 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