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	<title>Ibnu Sahal (matematikawan) - Riwayat revisi</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 25 Agustus 2026 23.02&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Abu Saad al-Ala Ibnu Sahal&#039;&#039;&#039; (; hidup k. 940–1000), lebih dikenal hanya sebagai &#039;&#039;&#039;Ibnu Sahal&#039;&#039;&#039;, adalah matematikawan dan fisikawan berkebangsaan &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bangsa Persia&lt;/del&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Persia]] pada [[Zaman Kejayaan Islam]], yang berafiliasi dengan istana [[Dinasti Buwaihi&lt;/del&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Buwaihi&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;di [[Bagdad]].&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;File:Ibn_Sahl_manuscript.jpg&lt;/ins&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;thumb|right|280px&lt;/ins&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ibn Sahl manuscript&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tidak ada dalam namanya yang memungkinkan kampung halaman atau tempat kelahirannya, tidak seperti nama-nama Islam dan Timur Tengah pada umumnya.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dia diketahui telah menulis risalah optik pada sekitar tahun 984. Risalah itu direkonstruksi oleh [[Roshdi Rashed]] dari dua naskah (disunting pada tahun 1993).: Damaskus, al-Ẓāhirīya MS 4871, 3 fols.,  dan Teheran, Millī MS 867, 51 fols.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Abu Saad al-Ala Ibnu Sahal&#039;&#039;&#039; (; hidup k. 940–1000), lebih dikenal hanya sebagai &#039;&#039;&#039;Ibnu Sahal&#039;&#039;&#039;, adalah matematikawan dan fisikawan berkebangsaan [[Bangsa Persia|Persia]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://books.google.fr/books?id=_AUtLNtg3nsC&amp;amp;pg=PA89&amp;amp;lpg=PA89&amp;amp;dq=ibn+sahl+persian+mathematician&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=kRG2BA9bC_&amp;amp;sig=CEBMPOFYx6nIh6IjbmPIVqMC7Xc&amp;amp;hl=fr&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjjjuX1t_7ZAhWIB5oKHZo6B8U4ChDoAQgyMAE#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=ibn%20sahl%20persian%20mathematician&amp;amp;f=false/The Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives] - J. P. Hogendijk,A. I. Sabra &quot;The first clear evidence we have of a correct understanding of Ptolemy&#039;s theory of refraction does not appear in the Arabic sources available to us until the second half of the tenth century, when the Persian mathematician al-Ala ibn Sahl was able to put Ptolemy&#039;s ideas to use in formulating entirely original geometrical arguments for the construction of burning instruments by means of refraction&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/optics,&quot;There are a number of optical texts by authors with a Persian ethnicity or association. The earliest is Abu Saʿd al-ʿAlāʾ Ebn Sahl at the Persian Buyid court (945–1055), better known for his early conception of the “sine law of refraction” and burning mirrors (Rashed, 1990, pp. 464-68; 1993; 2005) than his work on optics proper (Sabra, 1989, pp. lix-lx; 1994).&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://ijhpm.org/index.php/IJHPM/article/download/111/62,&quot;Exploiting the 10th-century Persian mathematician Ibn Sahl’s development on Ptolemy’s studies of refraction,48 he generalized the relationship between incident and refracted rays in a form that presaged Snell’s law.&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1867-light-ideas-and-technology-timeline,&quot;Persian scientist Ibn Sahl writes On burning mirrors and lenses, which sets out his understanding of how curved mirrors and lenses bend and focus light. He discovers a law of refraction mathematically equivalent to Snell’s law (1615).&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; pada [[Zaman Kejayaan Islam]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;edited by Jan P. Hogendijk. [https://archive.org/details/enterpriseofscie0000unse The enterprise of science in Islam : new perspectives]. MIT. 2003. hlm. [https://archive.org/details/enterpriseofscie0000unse/page/89 89]. ISBN 0-262-19482-1.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; yang berafiliasi dengan istana [[Dinasti Buwaihi|Buwaihi]] di [[Bagdad]]. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tidak ada dalam namanya yang memungkinkan kampung halaman atau tempat kelahirannya, tidak seperti nama-nama Islam dan Timur Tengah pada umumnya.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;Nothing in his surname and given names, however, allows us to glimpse either his country of origin or his social and religious allegiance — unless a link may be established with another Ibn Sahl of the same period, who was an astrologer concerned with mathematics; for the time being, however, this connection has no historical value.&quot; Roshdi Rashed, &#039;&#039; Geometry and Dioptrics in Classical Islam&#039;&#039;, London (2005), p. 3.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dia diketahui telah menulis risalah optik pada sekitar tahun 984. Risalah itu direkonstruksi oleh [[Roshdi Rashed]] dari dua naskah (disunting pada tahun 1993).: Damaskus, al-Ẓāhirīya MS 4871, 3 fols.,  dan Teheran, Millī MS 867, 51 fols.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Naskah Teheran jauh lebih panjang, tetapi rusak parah, dan naskah Damaskus berisi bagian yang telah hilang seluruhnya dalam naskah Teheran. Naskah Damaskus berjudul &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fī al-&amp;#039;āla al-muḥriqa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;Pada perkakas yang terbakar&amp;quot;), naskah Teheran memiliki judul yang ditambahkan di kemudian hari berjudul &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kitāb al-harrāqāt&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;Kitab pembakar&amp;quot;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Naskah Teheran jauh lebih panjang, tetapi rusak parah, dan naskah Damaskus berisi bagian yang telah hilang seluruhnya dalam naskah Teheran. Naskah Damaskus berjudul &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fī al-&amp;#039;āla al-muḥriqa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;Pada perkakas yang terbakar&amp;quot;), naskah Teheran memiliki judul yang ditambahkan di kemudian hari berjudul &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kitāb al-harrāqāt&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;Kitab pembakar&amp;quot;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibnu Sahal adalah cendekiawan Muslim pertama yang diketahui telah mempelajari catatan [[Klaudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemaios]] berjudul &#039;&#039;Optik&#039;&#039;, dan sebagai sumber penting untuk &#039;&#039;[[Kitab Optik]]&#039;&#039; yang ditulis oleh [[Ibnu al-Haitsam]] (Alhazen), yang ditulis sekitar tiga puluh tahun kemudian.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibnu Sahal adalah cendekiawan Muslim pertama yang diketahui telah mempelajari catatan [[Klaudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemaios]] berjudul &#039;&#039;Optik&#039;&#039;, dan sebagai sumber penting untuk &#039;&#039;[[Kitab Optik]]&#039;&#039; yang ditulis oleh [[Ibnu al-Haitsam]] (Alhazen), yang ditulis sekitar tiga puluh tahun kemudian.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Rashed (1990:&quot;Ibn al-Haytham was not the first to have effectively used Ptolemy&#039;s &#039;&#039;Optics&#039;&#039;, [...] al-Kindi was not the only significant figure in the history of Arabic optics before Ibn al-Haytham&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibnu Sahl berurusan dengan sifat optik [[cermin cembung dan cekung|cermin]] dan [[lensa]] tidak datar dan dia disebut sebagai penemu hukum [[Refraksi|pembiasan]] ([[hukum Snellius]]).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibnu Sahl berurusan dengan sifat optik [[cermin cembung dan cekung|cermin]] dan [[lensa]] tidak datar dan dia disebut sebagai penemu hukum [[Refraksi|pembiasan]] ([[hukum Snellius]]).&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://spie.org/etop/2007/etop07fundamentalsII.pdf,&quot; R. Rashed credited Ibn Sahl with discovering the law of refraction [23], usually called Snell’s law and also Snell and Descartes’ law.&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;A. Mark Smith. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd5XBQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=ibn+sahl+law+of+refraction&amp;amp;pg=PA178 From Sight to Light: The Passage from Ancient to Modern Optics]. University of Chicago Press. 2015. hlm. 178. ISBN 9780226174761.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibnu Sahal menggunakan hukum ini untuk mendapatkan bentuk lensa yang memfokuskan cahaya tanpa penyimpangan geometris, yang dikenal sebagai [[lensa asferik|lensa anaklastik]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibnu Sahal menggunakan hukum ini untuk mendapatkan bentuk lensa yang memfokuskan cahaya tanpa penyimpangan geometris, yang dikenal sebagai [[lensa asferik|lensa anaklastik]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Di bagian risalah yang tersisa, Ibnu Sahal membahas cermin parabola, cermin elips, lensa bikonveks, dan teknik menggambar [[Hiperbola (geometri)|busur hiperbola]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Di bagian risalah yang tersisa, Ibnu Sahal membahas cermin parabola, cermin elips, lensa bikonveks, dan teknik menggambar [[Hiperbola (geometri)|busur hiperbola]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Baris 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=== Catatan kaki ===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references &lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=== Daftar pustaka ===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Rashed, R. &quot;A pioneer in anaclastics: Ibn Sahl on burning mirrors and lenses&quot;, &#039;&#039;[[Isis (journal)|Isis]]&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;81&#039;&#039;&#039;, pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;464–491, 1990.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Rashed, R., &#039;&#039;Géométrie et dioptrique au Xe siècle: Ibn Sahl, al-Quhi et Ibn al-Haytham.&#039;&#039; Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1993&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* ([http:&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_Sahl_BEA.pdf PDF version])&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibnu+Sahal+%28matematikawan%29&amp;amp;oldid=29301218 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29301218 (2026-06-01T04:39:33Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!&lt;/ins&gt;-- &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 &lt;/ins&gt;--&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibnu+Sahal+%28matematikawan%29&amp;amp;oldid=29301218 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29301218 (2026&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;06&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;01T04:39:33Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;BerbagiSerupa (CC BY&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Ibnu_Sahal_(matematikawan)&amp;diff=11850&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29301218; atribusi sumber disertakan.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Ibnu_Sahal_(matematikawan)&amp;diff=11850&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-25T22:29:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29301218; atribusi sumber disertakan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Halaman baru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Abu Saad al-Ala Ibnu Sahal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (; hidup k. 940–1000), lebih dikenal hanya sebagai &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ibnu Sahal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, adalah matematikawan dan fisikawan berkebangsaan [[Bangsa Persia|Persia]] pada [[Zaman Kejayaan Islam]], yang berafiliasi dengan istana [[Dinasti Buwaihi|Buwaihi]] di [[Bagdad]].&lt;br /&gt;
Tidak ada dalam namanya yang memungkinkan kampung halaman atau tempat kelahirannya, tidak seperti nama-nama Islam dan Timur Tengah pada umumnya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dia diketahui telah menulis risalah optik pada sekitar tahun 984. Risalah itu direkonstruksi oleh [[Roshdi Rashed]] dari dua naskah (disunting pada tahun 1993).: Damaskus, al-Ẓāhirīya MS 4871, 3 fols.,  dan Teheran, Millī MS 867, 51 fols.&lt;br /&gt;
Naskah Teheran jauh lebih panjang, tetapi rusak parah, dan naskah Damaskus berisi bagian yang telah hilang seluruhnya dalam naskah Teheran. Naskah Damaskus berjudul &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fī al-&amp;#039;āla al-muḥriqa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;Pada perkakas yang terbakar&amp;quot;), naskah Teheran memiliki judul yang ditambahkan di kemudian hari berjudul &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kitāb al-harrāqāt&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;Kitab pembakar&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ibnu Sahal adalah cendekiawan Muslim pertama yang diketahui telah mempelajari catatan [[Klaudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemaios]] berjudul &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Optik&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, dan sebagai sumber penting untuk &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Kitab Optik]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; yang ditulis oleh [[Ibnu al-Haitsam]] (Alhazen), yang ditulis sekitar tiga puluh tahun kemudian.&lt;br /&gt;
Ibnu Sahl berurusan dengan sifat optik [[cermin cembung dan cekung|cermin]] dan [[lensa]] tidak datar dan dia disebut sebagai penemu hukum [[Refraksi|pembiasan]] ([[hukum Snellius]]).&lt;br /&gt;
Ibnu Sahal menggunakan hukum ini untuk mendapatkan bentuk lensa yang memfokuskan cahaya tanpa penyimpangan geometris, yang dikenal sebagai [[lensa asferik|lensa anaklastik]].&lt;br /&gt;
Di bagian risalah yang tersisa, Ibnu Sahal membahas cermin parabola, cermin elips, lensa bikonveks, dan teknik menggambar [[Hiperbola (geometri)|busur hiperbola]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ibnu Sahal merancang lensa cembung yang memfokuskan sinar cahaya yang sejajar, yang dapat menyebabkan suatu benda terbakar pada jarak tertentu. Sebuah bikonveks memiliki kemampuan untuk fokus pada titik tertentu pada jarak yang tak terbatas. Ibnu sahl telah membuat banyak kontribusi untuk Optik, ia juga menulis artikel tentang bola langit. Rasio konstan adalah titik fokus utama penelitiannya, dan memungkinkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang lensa refraksi. Ibnu Sahl melakukan eksperimen di mana sepotong kristal digunakan untuk menyebarkan sinar cahaya melalui kristal yang kemudian dibiaskan di udara.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Referensi ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Catatan kaki ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Daftar pustaka ===&lt;br /&gt;
*Rashed, R. &amp;quot;A pioneer in anaclastics: Ibn Sahl on burning mirrors and lenses&amp;quot;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Isis (journal)|Isis]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;81&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;464–491, 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
*Rashed, R., &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Géométrie et dioptrique au Xe siècle: Ibn Sahl, al-Quhi et Ibn al-Haytham.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1993&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
* ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_Sahl_BEA.pdf PDF version])&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibnu+Sahal+%28matematikawan%29&amp;amp;oldid=29301218 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29301218 (2026-06-01T04:39:33Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
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