Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

2026-08-27T14:13:55Z

Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21360550; atribusi sumber disertakan.

2026-08-27T13:53:22Z

Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21360550; atribusi sumber disertakan.

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'''[[Hafnium]]''' ('''72Hf''') yang terbentuk secara alami terdiri dari lima [[isotop]] [[Isotop stabil|stabil]] (176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, dan 180Hf) dan satu [[Radionuklida|radioisotop]] berumur sangat panjang, 174Hf, dengan [[waktu paruh]] tahun. Selain itu, ada 30 radioisotop lain yang diketahui, yang paling stabil adalah 182Hf dengan waktu paruh tahun. [[Radionuklida punah|Radionuklida yang telah punah]] ini digunakan dalam [[penanggalan hafnium–wolfram]] untuk mempelajari kronologi [[diferensiasi planet]].

Tidak ada radioisotop lain yang memiliki waktu paruh lebih dari 1,87 tahun. Kebanyakan isotop memiliki waktu paruh di bawah 1 menit. Ada juga 26 [[isomer nuklir]] yang diketahui, yang paling stabil adalah 178m2Hf dengan waktu paruh 31 tahun. Semua isotop hafnium bersifat radioaktif atau [[stabil secara pengamatan]], artinya mereka diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.

==Daftar isotop==

| 153Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 81
| 152,97069(54)#
| 400# [[Mili-|m]]dtk [>200 [[Nano-|n]]dtk]
|
|
| 1/2+#
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 153mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 750(100)# keV
| 500# mdtk
|
|
| 11/2−#
|
|

| rowspan=2|154Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 82
| rowspan=2|153,96486(54)#
| rowspan=2|2(1) dtk
| [[Peluruhan beta|β+]]
| 154Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| [[Peluruhan alfa|α]] (langka)
| 150Yb

| rowspan=2|155Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83
| rowspan=2|154,96339(43)#
| rowspan=2|890(120) mdtk
| β+
| 155Lu
| rowspan=2|7/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (langka)
| 151Yb

| rowspan=2|156Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84
| rowspan=2|155,95936(22)
| rowspan=2|23(1) mdtk
| α (97%)
| 152Yb
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (3%)
| 156Lu

| style="text-indent:1em" | 156mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1959,0(10) keV
| 480(40) [[Mikro-|μ]]dtk
|
|
| 8+
|
|

| rowspan=2|157Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
| rowspan=2|156,95840(21)#
| rowspan=2|115(1) mdtk
| α (86%)
| 153Yb
| rowspan=2|7/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (14%)
| 157Lu

| rowspan=2|158Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
| rowspan=2|157,954799(19)
| rowspan=2|2,84(7) dtk
| β+ (55%)
| 158Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (45%)
| 154Yb

| rowspan=2|159Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
| rowspan=2|158,953995(18)
| rowspan=2|5,20(10) dtk
| β+ (59%)
| 159Lu
| rowspan=2|7/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (41%)
| 155Yb

| rowspan=2|160Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
| rowspan=2|159,950684(12)
| rowspan=2|13,6(2) dtk
| β+ (99,3%)
| 160Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (0,7%)
| 156Yb

| rowspan=2|161Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
| rowspan=2|160,950275(24)
| rowspan=2|18,2(5) dtk
| β+ (99,7%)
| 161Lu
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (0,3%)
| 157Yb

| rowspan=2|162Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2|161,94721(1)
| rowspan=2|39,4(9) dtk
| β+ (99,99%)
| 162Lu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (0,008%)
| 158Yb

| rowspan=2|163Hf
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 72
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
| rowspan=2|162,94709(3)
| rowspan=2|40,0(6) dtk
| β+
| 163Lu
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (10−4%)
| 159Yb

| 164Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 92
| 163,944367(22)
| 111(8) dtk
| β+
| 164Lu
| 0+
|
|

| 165Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 93
| 164,94457(3)
| 76(4) dtk
| β+
| 165Lu
| (5/2−)
|
|

| 166Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 94
| 165,94218(3)
| 6,77(30) mnt
| β+
| 166Lu
| 0+
|
|

| 167Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 95
| 166,94260(3)
| 2,05(5) mnt
| β+
| 167Lu
| (5/2)−
|
|

| 168Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 96
| 167,94057(3)
| 25,95(20) mnt
| β+
| 168Lu
| 0+
|
|

| 169Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 97
| 168,94126(3)
| 3,24(4) mnt
| β+
| 169Lu
| (5/2)−
|
|

| 170Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 98
| 169,93961(3)
| 16,01(13) jam
| [[Penangkapan elektron|EC]]
| 170Lu
| 0+
|
|

| 171Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 99
| 170,94049(3)
| 12,1(4) jam
| β+
| 171Lu
| 7/2(+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 171mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 21,93(9) keV
| 29,5(9) dtk
| [[Transisi isomerik|IT]]
| 171Hf
| 1/2(−)
|
|

| 172Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 100
| 171,939448(26)
| 1,87(3) thn
| EC
| 172Lu
| 0+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 172mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2005,58(11) keV
| 163(3) ndtk
|
|
| (8−)
|
|

| 173Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 101
| 172,94051(3)
| 23,6(1) jam
| β+
| 173Lu
| 1/2−
|
|

| 174Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 102
| 173,940046(3)
| '''2,0(4) thn'''
| α
| '''170Yb'''
| 0+
| 0,0016(1)
| 0,001619–0,001621

| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1549,3 keV
| 138(4) ndtk
|
|
| (6+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1797,5(20) keV
| 2,39(4) μdtk
|
|
| (8−)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 174m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3311,7 keV
| 3,7(2) μdtk
|
|
| (14+)
|
|

| 175Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 103
| 174,941509(3)
| 70(2) hri
| β+
| '''175Lu'''
| 5/2−
|
|

| 176Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 104
| 175,9414086(24)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''[[Stabil Secara Pengamatan]]'''
| 0+
| 0,0526(7)
| 0,05206–0,05271

| 177Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 105
| 176,9432207(23)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stabil Secara Pengamatan'''
| 7/2−
| 0,1860(9)
| 0,18593–0,18606

| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1315,4504(8) keV
| 1,09(5) dtk
|
|
| 23/2+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1342,38(20) keV
| 55,9(12) μdtk
|
|
| (19/2−)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 177m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2740,02(15) keV
| 51,4(5) mnt
|
|
| 37/2−
|
|

| 178Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 106
| 177,9436988(23)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stabil Secara Pengamatan'''
| 0+
| 0,2728(7)
| 0,27278–0,27297

| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1147,423(5) keV
| 4,0(2) dtk
|
|
| 8−
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2445,69(11) keV
| 31(1) thn
|
|
| 16+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2573,5(5) keV
| 68(2) μdtk
|
|
| (14−)
|
|

| 179Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 107
| 178,9458161(23)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stabil Secara Pengamatan'''
| 9/2+
| 0,1362(2)
| 0,13619–0,1363

| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 375,0367(25) keV
| 18,67(4) dtk
|
|
| 1/2−
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1105,84(19) keV
| 25,05(25) hri
|
|
| 25/2−
|
|

| 180Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 108
| 179,9465500(23)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stabil Secara Pengamatan'''
| 0+
| 0,3508(16)
| 0,35076–0,351

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1141,48(4) keV
| 5,47(4) jam
|
|
| 8−
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1374,15(4) keV
| 0,57(2) μdtk
|
|
| (4−)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2425,8(10) keV
| 15(5) μdtk
|
|
| (10+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m4Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2486,3(9) keV
| 10(1) μdtk
|
|
| 12+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m5Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2538,3(12) keV
| >10 μdtk
|
|
| (14+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m6Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3599,3(18) keV
| 90(10) μdtk
|
|
| (18−)
|
|

| 181Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 109
| 180,9491012(23)
| 42,39(6) hri
| β−
| '''181Ta'''
| 1/2−
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m1Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 595(3) keV
| 80(5) μdtk
|
|
| (9/2+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m2Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1040(10) keV
| ~100 μdtk
|
|
| (17/2+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 181m3Hf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1738(10) keV
| 1,5(5) mdtk
|
|
| (27/2−)
|
|

| 182Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 110
| 181,950554(7)
| 8,90(9) thn
| β−
| 182Ta
| 0+
|
|

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 182mHf
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1172,88(18) keV
| rowspan=2|61,5(15) mnt
| β− (58%)
| 182Ta
| rowspan=2|8−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| IT (42%)
| 182Hf

| 183Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 111
| 182,95353(3)
| 1,067(17) jam
| β−
| 183Ta
| (3/2−)
|
|

| 184Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 112
| 183,95545(4)
| 4,12(5) jam
| β−
| 184Ta
| 0+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 184mHf
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1272,4(4) keV
| 48(10) dtk
| β−
| 184Ta
| 8−
|
|

| 185Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 113
| 184,95882(21)#
| 3,5(6) mnt
| β−
| 185Ta
| 3/2−#
|
|

| 186Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 114
| 185,96089(32)#
| 2,6(12) mnt
| β−
| 186Ta
| 0+
|
|

| 187Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 115
| 186,96459(43)#
| 30# dtk [>300 ndtk]
|
|
|
|
|

| 188Hf
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| style="text-align:right" | 116
| 187,96685(54)#
| 20# dtk [>300 ndtk]
|
|
| 0+
|
|

==Referensi==

* Massa isotop dari:
**
* Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
**
**
* Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
**
**
**

== Sumber dan atribusi ==

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+hafnium&oldid=21360550 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 21360550 (2022-07-10T16:21:04Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

Isotop hafnium - Riwayat revisi

Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21360550; atribusi sumber disertakan.