Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

2026-08-28T08:57:44Z

Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21360125; atribusi sumber disertakan.

2026-08-28T08:19:23Z

Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21360125; atribusi sumber disertakan.

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'''[[Tulium]]''' ('''69Tm''') yang terbentuk secara alami hanya terdiri dari satu [[isotop]] [[Isotop stabil|stabil]], 169Tm; oleh karena itu, tulium adalah [[unsur monoisotop]] dan [[Unsur mononuklida|mononuklida]]. Tiga puluh empat [[Radionuklida|radioisotop]] telah dikarakterisasi, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 171Tm dengan [[waktu paruh]] 1,92 tahun, 170Tm dengan waktu paruh 128,6 hari, 168Tm dengan waktu paruh 93,1 hari, dan 167Tm dengan waktu paruh, 9,25 hari. Semua isotop [[Peluruhan radioaktif|radioaktif]] yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 64 jam, dan sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 2 menit. Unsur ini juga memiliki 26 [[Isomer nuklir|keadaan meta]], dengan yang paling stabil adalah 164mTm (''t''1/2 5,1 menit), 160mTm (''t''1/2 74,5 detik) dan 155mTm (''t''1/2 45 detik).

Isotop tulium memiliki [[Massa atom relatif|berat atom]] berkisar mulai dari 144,97007 [[Dalton (satuan)|u]] (145Tm) hingga 178,95534 u (179Tm). [[Mode peluruhan]] utama sebelum isotop stabil yang paling melimpah, 169Tm, adalah [[penangkapan elektron]], dan mode utama sesudahnya adalah [[peluruhan beta]]. [[Produk peluruhan]] utama sebelum 169Tm adalah [[isotop erbium]], dan produk utama sesudahnya adalah [[isotop iterbium]]. Semua isotop tulium bersifat radioaktif atau, dalam kasus 169Tm, [[stabil secara pengamatan]], artinya 169Tm diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.

==Daftar isotop==

| 145Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| 144,97007(43)#
| 3,1(3) [[Mikro-|μ]]dtk
|
|
| (11/2−)
|
|

| rowspan=2|146Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
| rowspan=2|145,96643(43)#
| rowspan=2|240(30) mdtk
| [[Emisi proton|p]]
| 145Er
| rowspan=2|(6−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| [[Peluruhan beta|β+]] (langka)
| 146Er

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 146mTm
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 71(6) keV
| rowspan=2|72(23) mdtk
| [[Emisi proton|p]]
| 145Er
| rowspan=2|(10+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (langka)
| 146Er

| rowspan=2|147Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
| rowspan=2|146,96096(32)#
| rowspan=2|0,58(3) dtk
| β+ (85%)
| 147Er
| rowspan=2|11/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| p (15%)
| 146Er

| style="text-indent:1em" | 147mTm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 60(5) keV
| 360(40) μdtk
|
|
| 3/2+
|
|

| 148Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 79
| 147,95784(43)#
| 0,7(2) dtk
| β+
| 148Er
| (10+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 148mTm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" |
| 0,7 dtk
|
|
|
|
|

| rowspan=2|149Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 80
| rowspan=2|148,95272(32)#
| rowspan=2|0,9(2) dtk
| β+ (99,74%)
| 149Er
| rowspan=2|(11/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+, p (0,26%)
| 148Ho

| 150Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 81
| 149,94996(21)#
| 3# dtk
| β+
| 150Er
| (1+)
|
|

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 150m1Tm
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 140(140)# keV
| rowspan=2|2,20(6) dtk
| β+ (98,8%)
| 150Er
| rowspan=2|(6−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+, p (1,2%)
| 149Ho

| style="text-indent:1em" | 150m2Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 810(140)# keV
| 5,2(3) mdtk
|
|
| (10+)
|
|

| 151Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 82
| 150,945483(22)
| 4,17(10) dtk
| β+
| 151Er
| (11/2−)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 151m1Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 92(7) keV
| 6,6(14) dtk
| β+
| 151Er
| (1/2+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 151m2Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2655,67(22) keV
| 451(24) [[Nano-|n]]dtk
|
|
| (27/2−)
|
|

| 152Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 83
| 151,94442(8)
| 8,0(10) dtk
| β+
| 152Er
| (2#)−
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 152m1Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(80)# keV
| 52(6) dtk
| β+
| 152Er
| (9)+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 152m2Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2555,05(19)+X keV
| 294(12) ndtk
|
|
| (17+)
|
|

| rowspan=2|153Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84
| rowspan=2|152,942012(20)
| rowspan=2|1,48(1) dtk
| [[Peluruhan alfa|α]] (91%)
| 149Ho
| rowspan=2|(11/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (9%)
| 153Er

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 153mTm
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 43,2(2) keV
| rowspan=2|2,5(2) dtk
| α (92%)
| 149Ho
| rowspan=2|(1/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (8%)
| 153Er

| rowspan=2|154Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
| rowspan=2|153,941568(15)
| rowspan=2|8,1(3) dtk
| β+ (56%)
| 154Er
| rowspan=2|(2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (44%)
| 150Ho

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 154mTm
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 70(50) keV
| rowspan=2|3,30(7) dtk
| α (90%)
| 150Ho
| rowspan=2|(9+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (10%)
| 154Er

| rowspan=2|155Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
| rowspan=2|154,939199(14)
| rowspan=2|21,6(2) dtk
| β+ (98,1%)
| 155Er
| rowspan=2|(11/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (1,9%)
| 151Ho

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 155mTm
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 41(6) keV
| rowspan=2|45(3) dtk
| β+ (92%)
| 155Er
| rowspan=2|(1/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (8%)
| 151Ho

| rowspan=2|156Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
| rowspan=2|155,938980(17)
| rowspan=2|83,8(18) dtk
| β+ (99,93%)
| 156Er
| rowspan=2|2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| α (0,064%)
| 152Er

| style="text-indent:1em" | 156mTm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 203,6(5) keV
| ~400 ndtk
|
|
| (11−)
|
|

| 157Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 88
| 156,93697(3)
| 3,63(9) mnt
| β+
| 157Er
| 1/2+
|
|

| 158Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 89
| 157,936980(27)
| 3,98(6) mnt
| β+
| 158Er
| 2−
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 158mTm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(100)# keV
| ~20 ndtk
|
|
| (5+)
|
|

| 159Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| 158,93498(3)
| 9,13(16) mnt
| β+
| 159Er
| 5/2+
|
|

| 160Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 91
| 159,93526(4)
| 9,4(3) mnt
| β+
| 160Er
| 1−
|
|

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 160m1Tm
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 70(20) keV
| rowspan=2|74,5(15) dtk
| [[Transisi isomerik|IT]] (85%)
| 160Tm
| rowspan=2|5(+#)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (15%)
| 160Er

| style="text-indent:1em" | 160m2Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 98,2+X keV
| ~200 ndtk
|
|
| (8)
|
|

| 161Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 92
| 160,93355(3)
| 30,2(8) mnt
| β+
| 161Er
| 7/2+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 161m1Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 7,4(2) keV
| 5# mnt
|
|
| 1/2+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 161m2Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 78,20(3) keV
| 110(3) ndtk
|
|
| 7/2−
|
|

| 162Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 93
| 161,933995(28)
| 21,70(19) mnt
| β+
| '''162Er'''
| 1−
|
|

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 162mTm
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(40) keV
| rowspan=2|24,3(17) dtk
| IT (82%)
| 162Tm
| rowspan=2|5+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (18%)
| '''162Er'''

| 163Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 94
| 162,932651(6)
| 1,810(5) jam
| β+
| 163Er
| 1/2+
|
|

| 164Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 95
| 163,93356(3)
| 2,0(1) mnt
| β+
| '''164Er'''
| 1+
|
|

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 164mTm
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 10(6) keV
| rowspan=2|5,1(1) mnt
| IT (80%)
| 164Tm
| rowspan=2|6−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β+ (20%)
| '''164Er'''

| 165Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 96
| 164,932435(4)
| 30,06(3) jam
| β+
| 165Er
| 1/2+
|
|

| 166Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 97
| 165,933554(13)
| 7,70(3) jam
| β+
| '''166Er'''
| 2+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 166mTm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 122(8) keV
| 340(25) mdtk
| IT
| 166Tm
| 6−
|
|

| 167Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 98
| 166,9328516(29)
| 9,25(2) hri
| [[Penangkapan elektron|EC]]
| '''167Er'''
| 1/2+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 167m1Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 179,480(19) keV
| 1,16(6) μdtk
|
|
| (7/2)+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 167m2Tm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 292,820(20) keV
| 0,9(1) μdtk
|
|
| 7/2−
|
|

| rowspan=2|168Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 99
| rowspan=2|167,934173(3)
| rowspan=2|93,1(2) hri
| β+ (99,99%)
| '''168Er'''
| rowspan=2|3+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| β− (0,01%)
| '''168Yb'''

| 169Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 100
| 168,9342133(27)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''[[Stabil Secara Pengamatan]]'''
| 1/2+
| 1,0000
|

| rowspan=2|170Tm
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101
| rowspan=2|169,9358014(27)
| rowspan=2|128,6(3) hri
| β− (99,86%)
| '''170Yb'''
| rowspan=2|1−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|

| EC (0,14%)
| '''170Er'''

| style="text-indent:1em" | 170mTm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 183,197(4) keV
| 4,12(13) μdtk
|
|
| (3)+
|
|

| 171Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 102
| 170,9364294(28)
| 1,92(1) thn
| β−
| '''171Yb'''
| 1/2+
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 171mTm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 424,9560(15) keV
| 2,60(2) μdtk
|
|
| 7/2−
|
|

| 172Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 103
| 171,938400(6)
| 63,6(2) jam
| β−
| '''172Yb'''
| 2−
|
|

| 173Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 104
| 172,939604(5)
| 8,24(8) jam
| β−
| '''173Yb'''
| (1/2+)
|
|

| style="text-indent:1em" | 173mTm
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 317,73(20) keV
| 10(3) μdtk
|
|
| (7/2−)
|
|

| 174Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 105
| 173,94217(5)
| 5,4(1) mnt
| β−
| '''174Yb'''
| (4)−
|
|

| 175Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 106
| 174,94384(5)
| 15,2(5) mnt
| β−
| 175Yb
| (1/2+)
|
|

| 176Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 107
| 175,94699(11)
| 1,85(3) mnt
| β−
| 176Yb
| (4+)
|
|

| 177Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 108
| 176,94904(32)#
| 90(6) dtk
| β−
| 177Yb
| (7/2−)
|
|

| 178Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 109
| 177,95264(43)#
| 30# dtk
| β−
| 178Yb
|
|
|

| 179Tm
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| style="text-align:right" | 110
| 178,95534(54)#
| 20# dtk
| β−
| 179Yb
| 1/2+#
|
|

==Referensi==

* Massa isotop dari:
**
* Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
**
**
* Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
**
**
**

== Sumber dan atribusi ==

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+tulium&oldid=21360125 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 21360125 (2022-07-10T13:22:22Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

Isotop tulium - Riwayat revisi

Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21360125; atribusi sumber disertakan.