Konkresi (geologi) - Riwayat revisi

Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

2026-08-28T03:58:32Z

Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi per 28 Agustus 2026 03.58
Baris 1:		Baris 1:
			[[File:Bowling_Balls_Beach_2_edit.jpg\|thumb\|right\|280px\|Konkresi-Konkresi bongkah yang terlapukkan dari Batugamping berumur kenozoikum, california, Amerika Serikat]]

	'''Konkresi''' adalah massa kompak yang keras, terbentuk dari presipitasi semen [[mineral]] di dalam rongga-rongga partikel, dan ditemukan di [[batuan sedimen]] atau [[tanah]]. Konkresi berbentuk seperti [[telur]] ataupun bulat, tetapi bentuk-bentuk iregular juga sering terjadi. Istilah 'konkresi' berasal dari [[bahasa latin]] ''Con ''yang artinya 'bersama' dan ''crescere ''yang artinya 'tumbuh'. Konkresi-konkresi terbentuk di perlapisan strata sedimen yang telah terendapkan terlebih dahulu. Mereka biasanya terbentuk lebih awal ketika terjadi penumpukkan sedimen, sebelum kemudian sedimen tersebut mengeras menjadi [[batu]]an. Semen konkresi ini sering menyebabkan konkresi lebih keras dan lebih tahan terhadap pelapukan dibanding perlapisan induknya.		'''Konkresi''' adalah massa kompak yang keras, terbentuk dari presipitasi semen [[mineral]] di dalam rongga-rongga partikel, dan ditemukan di [[batuan sedimen]] atau [[tanah]]. Konkresi berbentuk seperti [[telur]] ataupun bulat, tetapi bentuk-bentuk iregular juga sering terjadi. Istilah 'konkresi' berasal dari [[bahasa latin]] ''Con ''yang artinya 'bersama' dan ''crescere ''yang artinya 'tumbuh'. Konkresi-konkresi terbentuk di perlapisan strata sedimen yang telah terendapkan terlebih dahulu. Mereka biasanya terbentuk lebih awal ketika terjadi penumpukkan sedimen, sebelum kemudian sedimen tersebut mengeras menjadi [[batu]]an. Semen konkresi ini sering menyebabkan konkresi lebih keras dan lebih tahan terhadap pelapukan dibanding perlapisan induknya.

Baris 6:		Baris 8:

	== Galeri ==		== Galeri ==


	== Sitasi ==		== Sitasi ==


	~~== Referensi ==~~
	* Al-Agha, M.R., S.D. Burley, C.D. Curtis, and J. Esson, 1995, ''Complex cementation textures and authigenic mineral assemblages in Recent concretions from the Lincolnshire Wash (east coast, UK) driven by Fe(0) Fe(II) oxidation'': Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 152, pp. 157–171.
	* Boles, J.R., C.A. Landis, and P. Dale, 1985, [http://jsedres.sepmonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/55/3/398 ''The Moeraki Boulders; anatomy of some septarian concretions'']:, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. v. 55, n. 3, pp. 398–406.
	* Chan, M.A. and W.T. Parry, 2002, [http://geology.utah.gov/online/pdf/pi-77.pdf '''Mysteries of Sandstone Colors and Concretions in Colorado Plateau Canyon Country'' PDF version, 468 KB] : Utah Geological Survey Public Information Series. n. 77, pp. 1–19.
	* Chan, M.A., B.B. Beitler, W.T. Parry, J. Ormo, and G. Komatsu, 2005. [ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt0508.pdf ''Red Rock and Red Planet Diagenesis: Comparison of Earth and Mars Concretions'' PDF version, 3.4 MB] : GSA Today, v. 15, n. 8, pp. 4–10.
	* Davis, J.M., 1999, ''Oriented carbonate concretions in a paleoaquifer: Insights into geologic controls on fluid flow'': Water Resources Research, v. 35, p. 1705-1712.
	* Hattin, D.E., 1982, ''Stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of the type area, western Kansas'': Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 225:1-108.
	* Hobbs, D., and J. Hafnaer, 1999, ''Magnetism and magneto-structural effects in transition-metal sulphides'': Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, v. 11, pp. 8197–8222.
	* Hoffmann, V., H. Stanjek, and E. Murad, 1993, ''Mineralogical, magnetic and mössbauer data of symthite (Fe9S11) '': Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, v. 37, pp. 366–381.
	* Johnson, M.R., 1989, ''Paleogeographic significance of oriented calcareous concretions in the Triassic Katberg Formation, South Africa'': Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 59, p. 1008-1010.
	* Loope D.B., Kettler R.M., Weber K.A., 2011, ''Morphologic Clues to the origin of Iron Oxide-Cemented Sphereoids, Boxworks, and Pipelike Concretions, Navajo Sandstone of South-Central Utah, U.S.A,'' The Journal of Geology, Vol. 119, No. 5 (September 2011), pp. 505–520
	* Loope D.B., Kettler R.M., Weber K.A., 2011, ''Follow the water: Connecting a CO2 reservoir and bleached sandstone to iron-rich concretions in the Navajo Sandstone of south-central Utah, USA,'' GEOLOGY FORUM, November 2011, Geological Society of America doi:10.1130/G32550Y.1
	* McBride, E.F., M.D. Picard, and R.L. Folk, 1994, ''Oriented concretions, Ionian Coast, Italy: evidence of groundwater flow direction'': Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 64, p. 535-540.
	* McBride, E.F., M.D. Picard, and K.L. Milliken, 2003, [http://jsedres.sepmonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/73/3/462 ''Calcite-Cemented Concretions in Cretaceous Sandstone, Wyoming and Utah, U.S.A.'']: Journal of Sedimentary Research. v. 73, n. 3, p. 462-483.
	* Mozley, P.S., 1996, ''The internal structure of carbonate concretions: A critical evaluation of the concentric model of concretion growth: Sedimentary Geology'': v. 103, p. 85-91.
	* Mozley, P.S., and Goodwin, L., 1995, ''Patterns of cementation along a Cenozoic normal fault: A record of paleoflow orientations: Geology'': v. 23, p 539-542.
	* Mozley, P.S., and Burns, S.J., 1993, ''Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonate concretions: an overview: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 63, p. 73-83.''
	* Mozley, P.S., and Davis, J.M., 2005, ''Internal structure and mode of growth of elongate calcite concretions: Evidence for small-scale microbially induced, chemical heterogeneity in groundwater'': Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, 1400-1412.
	* Pratt, B.R., 2001, "Septarian concretions: internal cracking caused by synsedimentary earthquakes": Sedimentology, v. 48, p. 189-213.
	* Raiswell, R., and Q.J. Fisher, 2000, ''Mudrock-hosted carbonate concretions: a review of growth mechanisms and their influence on chemical and isotopic composition'': Journal of Geological Society of London. v. 157, p. 239-251
	* Scotchman, I.C., 1991, ''The geochemistry of concretions from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of southern and eastern England'': Sedimentology. v. 38, pp. 79–106.
	* Thyne, G.D., and J.R. Boles, 1989, ''Isotopic evidence for origin of the Moeraki septarian concretions, New Zealand'': Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. v. 59, n. 2, pp. 272–279.
	* Voigt, E., 1968, ''Uber-Hiatus-Konkretion (dargestellt an Beispielen aus dem Lias)'': Geologische Rundschau. v. 58, pp. 281–296.
	* Wilson, M.A., 1985, ''Disturbance and ecologic succession in an Upper Ordovician cobble-dwelling hardground fauna'': Science. v. 228, pp. 575–577.
	* Wilson, M.A., and Taylor, P.D., 2001, ''Palaeoecology of hard substrate faunas from the Cretaceous Qahlah Formation of the Oman Mountains'': Palaeontology. v. 44, pp. 21–41.
	* Zaton, M., 2010, ''Hiatus concretions'': Geology Today. v. 26, pp. 186–189.

	== Pranala luar ==		== Pranala luar ==
	* Dietrich, R.V., 2002, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202111650/http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/dietr1rv/concretions/index.htm ''Carbonate Concretions--A Bibliography''], The Wayback Machine. and [http://condor.cmich.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p1610-01coll1/id/3165/rec/4228 PDF file of ''Carbonate Concretions--A Bibliography''] , CMU Online Digital Object Repository, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan.		* Dietrich, R.V., 2002, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202111650/http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/dietr1rv/concretions/index.htm ''Carbonate Concretions--A Bibliography''], The Wayback Machine. and [http://condor.cmich.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p1610-01coll1/id/3165/rec/4228 PDF file of ''Carbonate Concretions--A Bibliography''] , CMU Online Digital Object Repository, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan.
Baris 47:		Baris 18:
	* Heinrich, P.V., 2007, [http://www.hgms.org/BBG/Aug07.pdf ''The Giant Concretions of Rock City Kansas'' PDF version, 836 KB] BackBender's Gazette. vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 6–12.		* Heinrich, P.V., 2007, [http://www.hgms.org/BBG/Aug07.pdf ''The Giant Concretions of Rock City Kansas'' PDF version, 836 KB] BackBender's Gazette. vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 6–12.
	* Hokianga Tourism Association, nd, [http://hokiangatourism.org.nz/activities/attractions/koutu-boulders ''Koutu Boulders ANY ONE FOR A GAME OF BOWLS?''] and [http://www.hokianga.net.nz/hokianga/koutu/koutu_boulders.htm ''Koutu Boulders, Hokianga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand''] High-quality pictures of cannonball concretions.		* Hokianga Tourism Association, nd, [http://hokiangatourism.org.nz/activities/attractions/koutu-boulders ''Koutu Boulders ANY ONE FOR A GAME OF BOWLS?''] and [http://www.hokianga.net.nz/hokianga/koutu/koutu_boulders.htm ''Koutu Boulders, Hokianga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand''] High-quality pictures of cannonball concretions.
	* Irna, 2006, [http://irna.lautre.net/Tout-ce-que-la-nature-ne-peut-pas,45.html All that nature can never do, part IV: stone spheres]		* Irna, 2006, [http://irna.lautre.net/Tout-ce-que-la-nature-ne-peut-pas,45.html All that nature can never do, part IV: stone spheres]
	* Irna, 2007a, [http://irna.lautre.net/Stone-balls-in-France-too.html Stone balls: in France too!]		* Irna, 2007a, [http://irna.lautre.net/Stone-balls-in-France-too.html Stone balls: in France too!]
	* Irna, 2007b, [http://irna.lautre.net/Boules-de-pierre-en-Slovaquie.html Stone balls in Slowakia, Czech Republic and Poland]		* Irna, 2007b, [http://irna.lautre.net/Boules-de-pierre-en-Slovaquie.html Stone balls in Slowakia, Czech Republic and Poland]
	* Katz, B., 1998, [http://www.desertusa.com/mag98/oct/papr/geo_conc.html ''Concretions''] Digital West Media, Inc.		* Katz, B., 1998, [http://www.desertusa.com/mag98/oct/papr/geo_conc.html ''Concretions''] Digital West Media, Inc.
	* Kuban, Glen J., 2006-2008. [http://paleo.cc/paluxy/nevada.htm Nevada Shoe Prints?]		* Kuban, Glen J., 2006-2008. [http://paleo.cc/paluxy/nevada.htm Nevada Shoe Prints?]
	* McCollum, A., nd, [http://allanmccollum.net/amcimages/imperialvalleyconcretions.html ''Sand Concretions from Imperial Valley''], a collection of articles maintained by an American artist.		* McCollum, A., nd, [http://allanmccollum.net/amcimages/imperialvalleyconcretions.html ''Sand Concretions from Imperial Valley''], a collection of articles maintained by an American artist.
	* Mozley, P.S., [http://allanmccollum.net/amcimages/mozley.html ''Concretions, bombs, and groundwater''], on-line version of an overview paper originally published by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.		* Mozley, P.S., [http://allanmccollum.net/amcimages/mozley.html ''Concretions, bombs, and groundwater''], on-line version of an overview paper originally published by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.
	* United States Geological Survey, nd, [http://nd.water.usgs.gov/lewisandclark/points/concretions.html ''Cannonball concretion'']		* United States Geological Survey, nd, [http://nd.water.usgs.gov/lewisandclark/points/concretions.html ''Cannonball concretion'']
	* University of Utah, 2004, [http://unews.utah.edu/news_releases/earth-has-039blueberries039-like-mars/ ''Earth Has 'Blueberries' Like Mars 'Moqui Marbles' Formed in Groundwater in Utah's National Parks''] press release about iron oxide and Martian concretions		* University of Utah, 2004, [http://unews.utah.edu/news_releases/earth-has-039blueberries039-like-mars/ ''Earth Has 'Blueberries' Like Mars 'Moqui Marbles' Formed in Groundwater in Utah's National Parks''] press release about iron oxide and Martian concretions

			== Sumber dan atribusi ==

			Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konkresi+%28geologi%29&oldid=28451448 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28451448 (2025-11-13T07:27:56Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

	~~== Sumber dan atribusi ==~~		<!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 -->

	~~Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konkresi+%28geologi%29&oldid=28451448 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28451448 (2025~~-11-~~13T07:27:56Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi~~-~~BerbagiSerupa (CC BY~~-~~SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.~~

Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28451448; atribusi sumber disertakan.

2026-08-28T03:21:21Z

Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28451448; atribusi sumber disertakan.

Halaman baru

'''Konkresi''' adalah massa kompak yang keras, terbentuk dari presipitasi semen [[mineral]] di dalam rongga-rongga partikel, dan ditemukan di [[batuan sedimen]] atau [[tanah]]. Konkresi berbentuk seperti [[telur]] ataupun bulat, tetapi bentuk-bentuk iregular juga sering terjadi. Istilah 'konkresi' berasal dari [[bahasa latin]] ''Con ''yang artinya 'bersama' dan ''crescere ''yang artinya 'tumbuh'. Konkresi-konkresi terbentuk di perlapisan strata sedimen yang telah terendapkan terlebih dahulu. Mereka biasanya terbentuk lebih awal ketika terjadi penumpukkan sedimen, sebelum kemudian sedimen tersebut mengeras menjadi [[batu]]an. Semen konkresi ini sering menyebabkan konkresi lebih keras dan lebih tahan terhadap pelapukan dibanding perlapisan induknya.

Ada perbedaan penting antara konkresi dan [[nodula]]. Konkresi terbentuk dari presipitasi mineral di sekitar sejenis nukleus sedangkan nodula adalah tubuh yang tergantikan.

Deskripsi yang telah dilakukan semenjak abad ke-18 membuktikan bahwa konkresi telah menarik perhatian ilmuan sejak masa lalu. Hal itu disebabkan adanya variasi bentuk yang tidak biasa, ukuran dan komposisi, yang membuatnya sempat dikira [[telur dinosaurus]], hewan, dan fosil tumbuhan, hingga puing antariksa atau [[artefak]] manusia.

== Galeri ==

== Sitasi ==

== Referensi ==
* Al-Agha, M.R., S.D. Burley, C.D. Curtis, and J. Esson, 1995, ''Complex cementation textures and authigenic mineral assemblages in Recent concretions from the Lincolnshire Wash (east coast, UK) driven by Fe(0) Fe(II) oxidation'': Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 152, pp. 157–171.
* Boles, J.R., C.A. Landis, and P. Dale, 1985, [http://jsedres.sepmonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/55/3/398 ''The Moeraki Boulders; anatomy of some septarian concretions'']:, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. v. 55, n. 3, pp. 398–406.
* Chan, M.A. and W.T. Parry, 2002, [http://geology.utah.gov/online/pdf/pi-77.pdf '''Mysteries of Sandstone Colors and Concretions in Colorado Plateau Canyon Country'' PDF version, 468 KB] : Utah Geological Survey Public Information Series. n. 77, pp. 1–19.
* Chan, M.A., B.B. Beitler, W.T. Parry, J. Ormo, and G. Komatsu, 2005. [ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt0508.pdf ''Red Rock and Red Planet Diagenesis: Comparison of Earth and Mars Concretions'' PDF version, 3.4 MB] : GSA Today, v. 15, n. 8, pp. 4–10.
* Davis, J.M., 1999, ''Oriented carbonate concretions in a paleoaquifer: Insights into geologic controls on fluid flow'': Water Resources Research, v. 35, p. 1705-1712.
* Hattin, D.E., 1982, ''Stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of the type area, western Kansas'': Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 225:1-108.
* Hobbs, D., and J. Hafnaer, 1999, ''Magnetism and magneto-structural effects in transition-metal sulphides'': Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, v. 11, pp. 8197–8222.
* Hoffmann, V., H. Stanjek, and E. Murad, 1993, ''Mineralogical, magnetic and mössbauer data of symthite (Fe9S11) '': Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, v. 37, pp. 366–381.
* Johnson, M.R., 1989, ''Paleogeographic significance of oriented calcareous concretions in the Triassic Katberg Formation, South Africa'': Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 59, p. 1008-1010.
* Loope D.B., Kettler R.M., Weber K.A., 2011, ''Morphologic Clues to the origin of Iron Oxide-Cemented Sphereoids, Boxworks, and Pipelike Concretions, Navajo Sandstone of South-Central Utah, U.S.A,'' The Journal of Geology, Vol. 119, No. 5 (September 2011), pp. 505–520
* Loope D.B., Kettler R.M., Weber K.A., 2011, ''Follow the water: Connecting a CO2 reservoir and bleached sandstone to iron-rich concretions in the Navajo Sandstone of south-central Utah, USA,'' GEOLOGY FORUM, November 2011, Geological Society of America doi:10.1130/G32550Y.1
* McBride, E.F., M.D. Picard, and R.L. Folk, 1994, ''Oriented concretions, Ionian Coast, Italy: evidence of groundwater flow direction'': Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 64, p. 535-540.
* McBride, E.F., M.D. Picard, and K.L. Milliken, 2003, [http://jsedres.sepmonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/73/3/462 ''Calcite-Cemented Concretions in Cretaceous Sandstone, Wyoming and Utah, U.S.A.'']: Journal of Sedimentary Research. v. 73, n. 3, p. 462-483.
* Mozley, P.S., 1996, ''The internal structure of carbonate concretions: A critical evaluation of the concentric model of concretion growth: Sedimentary Geology'': v. 103, p. 85-91.
* Mozley, P.S., and Goodwin, L., 1995, ''Patterns of cementation along a Cenozoic normal fault: A record of paleoflow orientations: Geology'': v. 23, p 539-542.
* Mozley, P.S., and Burns, S.J., 1993, ''Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonate concretions: an overview: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 63, p. 73-83.''
* Mozley, P.S., and Davis, J.M., 2005, ''Internal structure and mode of growth of elongate calcite concretions: Evidence for small-scale microbially induced, chemical heterogeneity in groundwater'': Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, 1400-1412.
* Pratt, B.R., 2001, "Septarian concretions: internal cracking caused by synsedimentary earthquakes": Sedimentology, v. 48, p. 189-213.
* Raiswell, R., and Q.J. Fisher, 2000, ''Mudrock-hosted carbonate concretions: a review of growth mechanisms and their influence on chemical and isotopic composition'': Journal of Geological Society of London. v. 157, p. 239-251
* Scotchman, I.C., 1991, ''The geochemistry of concretions from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of southern and eastern England'': Sedimentology. v. 38, pp. 79–106.
* Thyne, G.D., and J.R. Boles, 1989, ''Isotopic evidence for origin of the Moeraki septarian concretions, New Zealand'': Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. v. 59, n. 2, pp. 272–279.
* Voigt, E., 1968, ''Uber-Hiatus-Konkretion (dargestellt an Beispielen aus dem Lias)'': Geologische Rundschau. v. 58, pp. 281–296.
* Wilson, M.A., 1985, ''Disturbance and ecologic succession in an Upper Ordovician cobble-dwelling hardground fauna'': Science. v. 228, pp. 575–577.
* Wilson, M.A., and Taylor, P.D., 2001, ''Palaeoecology of hard substrate faunas from the Cretaceous Qahlah Formation of the Oman Mountains'': Palaeontology. v. 44, pp. 21–41.
* Zaton, M., 2010, ''Hiatus concretions'': Geology Today. v. 26, pp. 186–189.

== Pranala luar ==
* Dietrich, R.V., 2002, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202111650/http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/dietr1rv/concretions/index.htm ''Carbonate Concretions--A Bibliography''], The Wayback Machine. and [http://condor.cmich.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p1610-01coll1/id/3165/rec/4228 PDF file of ''Carbonate Concretions--A Bibliography''] , CMU Online Digital Object Repository, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan.
* Biek, B., 2002, [https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/ndnotes/concretions/concretions.asp ''Concretions and Nodules in North Dakota''] North Dakota Geological Survey, Bismarck, North Dakota.
* Epoch Times Staff, 2007, [http://en.epochtimes.com/news/7-4-17/54224.html ''Mysterious Huge Stone Eggs Discovered in Hunan Province''] Epoch Times International. Photographs of large cannonball concretions recently found in Hunan Province, China.
* Everhart, M., 2004, [http://www.oceansofkansas.com/FieldGuide5.html ''A Field Guide to Fossils of the Smoky Hill ChalkPart 5: Coprolites, Pearls, Fossilized Wood and other Remains''] Part of the [http://www.oceansofkansas.com Oceans of Kansas] web site.
* Hansen, M.C., 1994, [http://www.ohiodnr.com/Portals/10/pdf/GeoFacts/geof04.pdf ''Ohio Shale Concretions'' PDF version, 270 KB] Ohio Division of Geological Survey GeoFacts n. 4, pp. 1–2.
* Hanson, W.D., and J.M. Howard, 2005, [http://geology.ar.gov/mis_pub_info/MP%2022%20Prim%20Boulders.pdf ''Spherical Boulders in North-Central Arkansas'' PDF version, 2.8 MB] Arkansas Geological Commission Miscellaneous Publication n. 22, pp. 1–23.
* Heinrich, P.V., 2007, [http://www.hgms.org/BBG/Aug07.pdf ''The Giant Concretions of Rock City Kansas'' PDF version, 836 KB] BackBender's Gazette. vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 6–12.
* Hokianga Tourism Association, nd, [http://hokiangatourism.org.nz/activities/attractions/koutu-boulders ''Koutu Boulders ANY ONE FOR A GAME OF BOWLS?''] and [http://www.hokianga.net.nz/hokianga/koutu/koutu_boulders.htm ''Koutu Boulders, Hokianga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand''] High-quality pictures of cannonball concretions.
* Irna, 2006, [http://irna.lautre.net/Tout-ce-que-la-nature-ne-peut-pas,45.html All that nature can never do, part IV: stone spheres]
* Irna, 2007a, [http://irna.lautre.net/Stone-balls-in-France-too.html Stone balls: in France too!]
* Irna, 2007b, [http://irna.lautre.net/Boules-de-pierre-en-Slovaquie.html Stone balls in Slowakia, Czech Republic and Poland]
* Katz, B., 1998, [http://www.desertusa.com/mag98/oct/papr/geo_conc.html ''Concretions''] Digital West Media, Inc.
* Kuban, Glen J., 2006-2008. [http://paleo.cc/paluxy/nevada.htm Nevada Shoe Prints?]
* McCollum, A., nd, [http://allanmccollum.net/amcimages/imperialvalleyconcretions.html ''Sand Concretions from Imperial Valley''], a collection of articles maintained by an American artist.
* Mozley, P.S., [http://allanmccollum.net/amcimages/mozley.html ''Concretions, bombs, and groundwater''], on-line version of an overview paper originally published by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.
* United States Geological Survey, nd, [http://nd.water.usgs.gov/lewisandclark/points/concretions.html ''Cannonball concretion'']
* University of Utah, 2004, [http://unews.utah.edu/news_releases/earth-has-039blueberries039-like-mars/ ''Earth Has 'Blueberries' Like Mars 'Moqui Marbles' Formed in Groundwater in Utah's National Parks''] press release about iron oxide and Martian concretions

== Sumber dan atribusi ==

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konkresi+%28geologi%29&oldid=28451448 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28451448 (2025-11-13T07:27:56Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.