https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Kristalografi 2026-09-16T02:08:45Z Riwayat revisi halaman ini di wiki MediaWiki 1.46.0 https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Kristalografi&diff=12975&oldid=prev 2026-08-26T03:57:29Z

<p>Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw-interface=""> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="id"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Revisi sebelumnya</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revisi per 26 Agustus 2026 03.57</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l8">Baris 8:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Baris 8:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Pranala luar ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Pranala luar ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/xtal/index.html Introduction to Crystallography and Mineral Crystal Systems]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/xtal/index.html Introduction to Crystallography and Mineral Crystal Systems]  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.mineralogie.uni-wuerzburg.de/links/teach/crysteach.html Crystallographic Teaching Pamphlets]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.mineralogie.uni-wuerzburg.de/links/teach/crysteach.html Crystallographic Teaching Pamphlets]  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://cst-www.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/spcgrp/ Crystal Lattice Structures]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://cst-www.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/spcgrp/ Crystal Lattice Structures]  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.ccp14.ac.uk/ Freely Available Crystallographic Software for Academia]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.ccp14.ac.uk/ Freely Available Crystallographic Software for Academia]  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.netsci.org/Resources/Software/Struct/xray.html NetSci Software Listing for Crystallography]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.netsci.org/Resources/Software/Struct/xray.html NetSci Software Listing for Crystallography]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.iucr.org/sincris-top/ SINCRIS Information Server for Crystallography]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.iucr.org/sincris-top/ SINCRIS Information Server for Crystallography]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/~louis/software/ortep3/download.html ORTEP a professional grade viewer for use on a PC which is based on the FORTRAN code which came from Oak Ridge]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/~louis/software/ortep3/download.html ORTEP a professional grade viewer for use on a PC which is based on the FORTRAN code which came from Oak Ridge]  </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.vega.org.uk Vega Science Trust Interviews on Crystallography] Freeview video interviews with Max Pertuz, Rober Huber and Aaron Klug.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.vega.org.uk Vega Science Trust Interviews on Crystallography] Freeview video interviews with Max Pertuz, Rober Huber and Aaron Klug.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.iucr.org/iucr-top/comm/cteach/pamphlets.html Commission on Crystallographic Teaching, Pamphlets]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.iucr.org/iucr-top/comm/cteach/pamphlets.html Commission on Crystallographic Teaching, Pamphlets]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l22">Baris 22:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Baris 22:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070918/http://www.geocities.com/psistar@sbcglobal.net/Laue.pdf Laue Measurement of Single-Crystal Turbine Blades]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070918/http://www.geocities.com/psistar@sbcglobal.net/Laue.pdf Laue Measurement of Single-Crystal Turbine Blades]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.mcbmm.ameslab.gov/index.html Ames Laboratory, US DOE Crystallography Research Resources]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.mcbmm.ameslab.gov/index.html Ames Laboratory, US DOE Crystallography Research Resources]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Sumber dan atribusi ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Sumber dan atribusi ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kristalografi&amp;oldid=28970445 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28970445 (2026-02-17T11:28:49Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kristalografi&amp;oldid=28970445 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28970445 (2026-02-17T11:28:49Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 --&gt;</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

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<p>Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28970445; atribusi sumber disertakan.</p> <p><b>Halaman baru</b></p><div>&#039;&#039;&#039;Kristalografi&#039;&#039;&#039; merupakan sains eksperimental yang bertujuan menentukan susunan [[atom]] dalam [[zat padat]]. Dahulu istilah ini digunakan untuk studi ilmiah [[kristal]]. Kata &quot;kristalografi&quot; berasal dari kata [[bahasa Yunani]] &#039;&#039;crystallon&#039;&#039; = tetesan dingin/beku, dengan makna meluas kepada semua padatan transparan pada derajat tertentu, dan &#039;&#039;graphein&#039;&#039; = menulis.<br /> <br /> Sebelum perkembangan kristalografi [[difraksi]] [[sinar X]], studi kristal didasarkan pada geometri kristal. Ini termasuk mengukur sudut permukaan kristal relatif terhadap sumbu referensi teoretis (sumbu kristalografik), dan menetapkan [[kesetangkupan]] kristal yang bersangkutan. Yang pertama dilaksanakan menggunakan [[goniometer]].<br /> <br /> Metode kristalografis saat ini tergantung kepada analisis pola hamburan yang muncul dari sampel yang dibidik oleh berkas sinar tertentu. Berkas tersebut tidak mesti selalu [[radiasi elektromagnetik]], meskipun sinar X merupakan pilihan yang paling umum. Untuk beberapa keperluan [[elektron]] atau [[neutron]] juga digunakan, yang dimungkinkan karena sifat [[gelombang]] partikel tersebut. Para ahli kristalografi sering menyatakan secara eksplisit jenis berkas yang digunakan.<br /> <br /> Ketiga jenis radiasi ini (sinar X, elektron, dan neutron) berinteraksi dengan spesimen dengan cara yang berbeda. Sinar X berinteraksi dengan agihan (distribusi) spasial [[elektron valensi]], sementara elektron merupakan partikel bermuatan, dan karena itu merasakan agihan total [[inti atom]] dan elektron yang mengelilinginya. Neutron dihamburkan oleh inti atom lewat [[gaya nuklir kuat]], dan tambahan lagi, [[momen magnetik]] neutron tidaklah nol. Karena itu neutron juga dihamburkan oleh [[medan magnet]]. Bila neutron dihamburkan oleh bahan yang mengandung [[hidrogen]], berkas tersebut menghasilkan pola difraksi dengan tingkat [[derau]] tinggi. Karena bentuk-bentuk interaksi yang berbeda ini, ketiga jenis radiasi tersebut cocok untuk studi kristalografi berbeda-beda.<br /> <br /> == Pranala luar ==<br /> * [http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/xtal/index.html Introduction to Crystallography and Mineral Crystal Systems]<br /> * [http://www.mineralogie.uni-wuerzburg.de/links/teach/crysteach.html Crystallographic Teaching Pamphlets]<br /> * [http://cst-www.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/spcgrp/ Crystal Lattice Structures]<br /> * [http://www.ccp14.ac.uk/ Freely Available Crystallographic Software for Academia]<br /> * [http://www.netsci.org/Resources/Software/Struct/xray.html NetSci Software Listing for Crystallography]<br /> * [http://www.iucr.org/sincris-top/ SINCRIS Information Server for Crystallography]<br /> * [http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/~louis/software/ortep3/download.html ORTEP a professional grade viewer for use on a PC which is based on the FORTRAN code which came from Oak Ridge]<br /> * [http://www.vega.org.uk Vega Science Trust Interviews on Crystallography] Freeview video interviews with Max Pertuz, Rober Huber and Aaron Klug.<br /> * [http://www.iucr.org/iucr-top/comm/cteach/pamphlets.html Commission on Crystallographic Teaching, Pamphlets]<br /> * [http://www.jcrystal.com/steffenweber/ Crystallography site of Steffen Weber with lots of Java Applets]<br /> * [http://reference.iucr.org/dictionary/Main_Page IUCr Online Dictionary of Crystallography]<br /> * [http://aca.hwi.buffalo.edu/ American Crystallographic Association]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070918/http://www.geocities.com/psistar@sbcglobal.net/Laue.pdf Laue Measurement of Single-Crystal Turbine Blades]<br /> * [http://www.mcbmm.ameslab.gov/index.html Ames Laboratory, US DOE Crystallography Research Resources]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Sumber dan atribusi ==<br /> <br /> Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kristalografi&amp;oldid=28970445 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28970445 (2026-02-17T11:28:49Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div>

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