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	<title>Metilenadioksimetamfetamina - Riwayat revisi</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-15T20:19:35Z</updated>
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		<title>Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</title>
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		<updated>2026-08-29T04:16:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 29 Agustus 2026 04.16&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Metilenadioksimetamfetamina&#039;&#039;&#039; (disingkat &#039;&#039;&#039;MDMA&#039;&#039;&#039;) biasanya dikenal dengan nama &#039;&#039;&#039;Ekstasi&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;X&#039;&#039;&#039;, atau &#039;&#039;&#039;XTC&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;senyawa kimia&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;yang sering digunakan sebagai obat rekreasi yang membuat penggunanya menjadi sangat aktif. Ketika dimasukkan lewat mulut, efek obat ini akan kambuh pada 30–45&amp;amp;nbsp;menit dan berakhir 3–6&amp;amp;nbsp;jam. Obat ini juga terkadang dimasukkan melalui hidung atau diasapkan. Sejak 2017, MDMA tidak menerima penggunaan medis.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;File:MDMA_molecule_from_xtal_ball.png|thumb|right|280px|MDMA molecule from xtal ball&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Metilenadioksimetamfetamina&#039;&#039;&#039; (disingkat &#039;&#039;&#039;MDMA&#039;&#039;&#039;) biasanya dikenal dengan nama &#039;&#039;&#039;Ekstasi&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;E&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;X&#039;&#039;&#039;, atau &#039;&#039;&#039;XTC&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Randy L. Luciano. [http://www.nature.com/nrneph/journal/v10/n6/abs/nrneph.2014.44.html Nephrotoxic effects of designer drugs: synthetic is not better!]. &#039;&#039;Nature Reviews Nephrology&#039;&#039;. 25 March 2014. Vol. 10 (6). hlm. 314–324. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2014.44.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasy-or-molly DrugFacts: MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)]. National Institute on Drug Abuse.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; adalah [[senyawa kimia]] yang sering digunakan sebagai obat rekreasi yang membuat penggunanya menjadi sangat aktif.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meyer JS. &#039;&#039;3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Subst Abuse Rehabil&#039;&#039;. 2013. Vol. 4. hlm. 83–99. doi:10.2147/SAR.S37258.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Emerg. Med. Australas&#039;&#039;. October 2008. Vol. 20 (5). hlm. 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugs.com/illicit/mdma.html MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust. 18 May 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Ketika dimasukkan lewat mulut, efek obat ini akan kambuh pada 30–45&amp;amp;nbsp;menit dan berakhir 3–6&amp;amp;nbsp;jam.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Enno Freye. [http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-2448-0_24 Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs]. Springer Netherlands. 28 July 2009. hlm. 151–160. ISBN 978-90-481-2448-0.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly DrugFacts: MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)]. &#039;&#039;National Institute on Drug Abuse&#039;&#039;. February 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Obat ini juga terkadang dimasukkan melalui hidung atau diasapkan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugs.com/illicit/mdma.html MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust. 18 May 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Sejak 2017, MDMA tidak menerima penggunaan medis.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/mdma Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or &#039;Ecstasy&#039;)]. &#039;&#039;EMCDDA&#039;&#039;. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Efek dari penggunaan MDMA di antaranya rasa ketagihan, masalah ingatan, [[paranoia]], susah tidur, penggerusan [[gigi]], pandangan buram, berkeringan, dan [[detak jantung]] yang cepat. Penggunaan juga dapat menyebabkan depresi dan cepat lelah. Kematian telah dilaporkan karena suhu tubuh meningkat dan dehidrasi. MDMA meningkatkan pelepasan dan menurunkan asupan kembali [[neurotransmiter]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamina]], dan [[norepinefrin]] dalam bagian otak. Ia memiliki efek [[stimulan]] dan psikedelik. Peningkatan awal diikuti dengan penurunan jangka pendek dalam neurotransmiter.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Efek dari penggunaan MDMA di antaranya rasa ketagihan, masalah ingatan, [[paranoia]], susah tidur, penggerusan [[gigi]], pandangan buram, berkeringan, dan [[detak jantung]] yang cepat. Penggunaan juga dapat menyebabkan depresi dan cepat lelah. Kematian telah dilaporkan karena suhu tubuh meningkat dan dehidrasi.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugs.com/illicit/mdma.html MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust. 18 May 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;MDMA meningkatkan pelepasan dan menurunkan asupan kembali [[neurotransmiter]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamina]], dan [[norepinefrin]] dalam bagian otak. Ia memiliki efek [[stimulan]] dan psikedelik.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Robert B. Palmer. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=OWFiVaDZnkQC&amp;amp;pg=PA139 Medical toxicology of drug abuse : synthesized chemicals and psychoactive plants]. John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons. 2012. hlm. 139. ISBN 9780471727606.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/research/job185drugs/methylenedioxymethamphetamine.htm Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy)]. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Peningkatan awal diikuti dengan penurunan jangka pendek dalam neurotransmiter.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugs.com/illicit/mdma.html MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust. 18 May 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly DrugFacts: MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)]. &#039;&#039;National Institute on Drug Abuse&#039;&#039;. February 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;MDMA pertama kali dibuat tahun [[1912]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugs.com/illicit/mdma.html MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust. 18 May 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Ia digunakan untuk meningkatkan [[psikoterapi]] yang dimulai pada 1970-an dan menjadi populer sebagai obat jalanan pada tahun 1980-an.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugs.com/illicit/mdma.html MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust. 18 May 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly DrugFacts: MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)]. &#039;&#039;National Institute on Drug Abuse&#039;&#039;. February 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kaustav Chakraborty. &#039;&#039;Club drugs: review of the ‘rave’ with a note of concern for the Indian scenario&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;The Indian Journal of Medical Research&#039;&#039;. 2011. Vol. 133 (6). hlm. 594–604.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; MDMA umumnya terkait dengan pesta [[dansa]], dan [[musik dansa elektronik]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;World Health Organization. [https://books.google.com/books?id=G9OhG-dZdAwC&amp;amp;pg=PA97 Neuroscience of Psychoactive Substance Use and Dependence]. World Health Organization. 2004. hlm. 97–. ISBN 978-92-4-156235-5.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Ia sering dijual dicampur dengan zat lain seperti [[efedrin]], [[amfetamin]], dan [[metamfetamina]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugs.com/illicit/mdma.html MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust. 18 May 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Pada tahun 2014, antara 9 dan 29&amp;amp;nbsp;juta orang antara usia 15 dan 64 tahun, menggunakan ekstasi (0.2% sampai 0.6% dari populasi dunia). Hal tersebut secara luas mirip dengan persentase orang yang menggunakan [[kokain]], [[amfetamin]], dan [[opium|opioid]], tapi lebih sedikit daripada [[ganja]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.unodc.org/doc/wdr2016/WORLD_DRUG_REPORT_2016_web.pdf World Drug Report 2016]. May 2016. ISBN 978-92-1-057862-2.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Di [[Amerika Serikat]], sekitar 0.9 juta orang menggunakan ekstasi pada tahun 2010.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.drugs.com/illicit/mdma.html MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust. 18 May 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;MDMA &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pertama kali dibuat tahun &lt;/del&gt;[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[1912]]&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ia digunakan untuk meningkatkan [[psikoterapi]] yang dimulai pada 1970-an dan menjadi populer sebagai obat jalanan pada tahun 1980-an&lt;/del&gt;. MDMA &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;umumnya terkait dengan pesta [[dansa]], dan [[musik dansa elektronik]&lt;/del&gt;]. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ia sering dijual dicampur dengan zat lain seperti [[efedrin]], [[amfetamin]], dan [[metamfetamina]]&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pada tahun &lt;/del&gt;2014&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, antara 9 dan 29&amp;amp;nbsp;juta orang antara usia 15 dan 64 tahun, menggunakan ekstasi (0&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2% sampai 0&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;6% dari populasi dunia)&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hal tersebut secara luas mirip dengan persentase orang yang menggunakan [[kokain]], [[amfetamin]], dan [[opium|opioid]], tapi lebih sedikit daripada [[ganja]&lt;/del&gt;]. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Di [[Amerika Serikat]], sekitar 0&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;9 juta orang menggunakan ekstasi pada tahun &lt;/del&gt;2010.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;MDMA &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;secara umum legal di sejumlah negara.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;http://www.drugs&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;com/illicit/mdma&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;html &lt;/ins&gt;MDMA]. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;Drugs.com&#039;&#039;. Drugsite Trust&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;18 May &lt;/ins&gt;2014.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Vikram Patel. [https://books&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;google&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ca/books?id=8fihf3VWbcIC&amp;amp;pg=PA57 Mental and neurological public health a global perspective&lt;/ins&gt;]. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Academic Press/Elsevier&lt;/ins&gt;. 2010. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hlm. 57. ISBN 9780123815279&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Pengecualian terbatas kadang-kadang dibuat untuk penelitian.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly DrugFacts: MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)]. &#039;&#039;National Institute on Drug Abuse&#039;&#039;. February 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Para peneliti sedang menyelidiki apakah beberapa dosis rendah MDMA dapat membantu dalam mengobati, dalam pengobatan anti gangguan stress posttraumatik (PTSD) parah.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Timothy Amoroso. &#039;&#039;Treating posttraumatic stress disorder with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy: A preliminary meta-analysis and comparison to prolonged exposure therapy&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Journal of Psychopharmacology&#039;&#039;. July 2016. Vol. 30 (7). hlm. 595–600. doi:10.1177/0269881116642542.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Pada bulan November 2016, fase 3 percobaan klinis untuk PTSD telah disetujui oleh &#039;&#039;United States [[Food and Drug Administration]]&#039;&#039; untuk menilai efektivitas dan keamanannya.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dave Philipps. [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/us/ptsd-mdma-ecstasy.html F.D.A. Agrees to New Trials for Ecstasy as Relief for PTSD Patients]. The New York Times Company. November 29, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;MDMA secara umum legal di sejumlah negara&lt;/del&gt;. Pengecualian terbatas kadang-kadang dibuat untuk penelitian. Para peneliti sedang menyelidiki apakah beberapa dosis rendah MDMA dapat membantu dalam mengobati, dalam pengobatan anti gangguan stress posttraumatik (PTSD) parah. Pada bulan November 2016, fase 3 percobaan klinis untuk PTSD telah disetujui oleh &#039;&#039;United States [[Food and Drug Administration]]&#039;&#039; untuk menilai efektivitas dan keamanannya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Efek ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Efek ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Secara umum, pengguna MDMA mulai melaporkan efek subjektif dalam waktu 30 sampai 60 menit dari konsumsi, mencapai puncak pada sekitar 75 sampai 120 menit yang stabil sekitar 3.5&amp;amp;nbsp;jam.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Secara umum, pengguna MDMA mulai melaporkan efek subjektif dalam waktu 30 sampai 60 menit dari konsumsi, mencapai puncak pada sekitar 75 sampai 120 menit yang stabil sekitar 3.5&amp;amp;nbsp;jam.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://archive.org/details/sim_psychopharmacology_2001-03_154_2/page/161 Gender Differences in the Subjective Effects of MDMA]. &#039;&#039;Psychopharmacology&#039;&#039;. 2001. Vol. 154 (2). hlm. 161–168. doi:10.1007/s002130000648.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Efek psikoaktif jangka pendek yang diinginkan dari MDMA telah dilaporkan meliputi:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Efek psikoaktif jangka pendek yang diinginkan dari MDMA telah dilaporkan meliputi:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Euforia]] – rasa [[kesejahteraan]] dan kebahagiaan umum&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Euforia]] – rasa [[kesejahteraan]] dan kebahagiaan umum&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meyer JS. &#039;&#039;3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Subst Abuse Rehabil&#039;&#039;. 2013. Vol. 4. hlm. 83–99. doi:10.2147/SAR.S37258.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Emerg. Med. Australas&#039;&#039;. October 2008. Vol. 20 (5). hlm. 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Peningkatan kepercayaan diri, sosialisasi dan perasaan komunikasi yang mudah atau sederhana&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Peningkatan kepercayaan diri, sosialisasi dan perasaan komunikasi yang mudah atau sederhana&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Felix Betzler. &#039;&#039;Decision-making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;European Journal of Neuroscience&#039;&#039;. January 2017. Vol. 45 (1). hlm. 34–44. doi:10.1111/ejn.13480.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meyer JS. &#039;&#039;3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Subst Abuse Rehabil&#039;&#039;. 2013. Vol. 4. hlm. 83–99. doi:10.2147/SAR.S37258.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Emerg. Med. Australas&#039;&#039;. October 2008. Vol. 20 (5). hlm. 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Efek entaktogenik – peningkatan [[empati]] atau perasaan kedekatan dengan orang lain dan diri sendiri&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Efek entaktogenik – peningkatan [[empati]] atau perasaan kedekatan dengan orang lain&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meyer JS. &#039;&#039;3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Subst Abuse Rehabil&#039;&#039;. 2013. Vol. 4. hlm. 83–99. doi:10.2147/SAR.S37258.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Emerg. Med. Australas&#039;&#039;. October 2008. Vol. 20 (5). hlm. 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;dan diri sendiri&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Felix Betzler. &#039;&#039;Decision-making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;European Journal of Neuroscience&#039;&#039;. January 2017. Vol. 45 (1). hlm. 34–44. doi:10.1111/ejn.13480.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Relaksasi dan mengurangi kecemasan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Relaksasi dan mengurangi kecemasan&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Felix Betzler. &#039;&#039;Decision-making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;European Journal of Neuroscience&#039;&#039;. January 2017. Vol. 45 (1). hlm. 34–44. doi:10.1111/ejn.13480.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Peningkatan emosionalitas&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Peningkatan emosionalitas&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Felix Betzler. &#039;&#039;Decision-making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;European Journal of Neuroscience&#039;&#039;. January 2017. Vol. 45 (1). hlm. 34–44. doi:10.1111/ejn.13480.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Rasa kedamaian batin&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Rasa kedamaian batin&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Emerg. Med. Australas&#039;&#039;. October 2008. Vol. 20 (5). hlm. 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Halusinasi]] ringan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Halusinasi]] ringan&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Emerg. Med. Australas&#039;&#039;. October 2008. Vol. 20 (5). hlm. 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Peningkatan sensasi, persepsi, seksualitas&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Peningkatan sensasi, persepsi, seksualitas&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Felix Betzler. &#039;&#039;Decision-making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;European Journal of Neuroscience&#039;&#039;. January 2017. Vol. 45 (1). hlm. 34–44. doi:10.1111/ejn.13480.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meyer JS. &#039;&#039;3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Subst Abuse Rehabil&#039;&#039;. 2013. Vol. 4. hlm. 83–99. doi:10.2147/SAR.S37258.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Emerg. Med. Australas&#039;&#039;. October 2008. Vol. 20 (5). hlm. 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Gelisah&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Gelisah&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly DrugFacts: MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)]. &#039;&#039;National Institute on Drug Abuse&#039;&#039;. February 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Galeri ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Galeri ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly MDMA Facts and Statistics] National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly MDMA Facts and Statistics] National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/mdma Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or &amp;#039;Ecstasy&amp;#039;) drug profile] European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/mdma Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or &amp;#039;Ecstasy&amp;#039;) drug profile] European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.maps.org/research/mdma MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy] Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies&amp;amp;nbsp;... pulmonary oedema/[Adult respiratory distress syndrome]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.maps.org/research/mdma MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy] Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies&amp;amp;nbsp;... pulmonary oedema/[Adult respiratory distress syndrome]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sumber &lt;/del&gt;dan &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;atribusi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Metilenadioksimetamfetamina&amp;amp;oldid&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;29153946 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29153946 (2026-04-22T12:22:56Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons &lt;/ins&gt;dan &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metilenadioksimetamfetamina&amp;amp;oldid=29153946 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29153946 (2026&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;04&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;22T12:22:56Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;BerbagiSerupa (CC BY&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!&lt;/ins&gt;-- &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 &lt;/ins&gt;--&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Metilenadioksimetamfetamina&amp;diff=24837&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29153946; atribusi sumber disertakan.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Metilenadioksimetamfetamina&amp;diff=24837&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-29T03:51:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29153946; atribusi sumber disertakan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Halaman baru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Metilenadioksimetamfetamina&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (disingkat &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;MDMA&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) biasanya dikenal dengan nama &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ekstasi&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;E&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;X&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, atau &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;XTC&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah [[senyawa kimia]] yang sering digunakan sebagai obat rekreasi yang membuat penggunanya menjadi sangat aktif. Ketika dimasukkan lewat mulut, efek obat ini akan kambuh pada 30–45&amp;amp;nbsp;menit dan berakhir 3–6&amp;amp;nbsp;jam. Obat ini juga terkadang dimasukkan melalui hidung atau diasapkan. Sejak 2017, MDMA tidak menerima penggunaan medis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Efek dari penggunaan MDMA di antaranya rasa ketagihan, masalah ingatan, [[paranoia]], susah tidur, penggerusan [[gigi]], pandangan buram, berkeringan, dan [[detak jantung]] yang cepat. Penggunaan juga dapat menyebabkan depresi dan cepat lelah. Kematian telah dilaporkan karena suhu tubuh meningkat dan dehidrasi. MDMA meningkatkan pelepasan dan menurunkan asupan kembali [[neurotransmiter]] [[serotonin]], [[dopamina]], dan [[norepinefrin]] dalam bagian otak. Ia memiliki efek [[stimulan]] dan psikedelik. Peningkatan awal diikuti dengan penurunan jangka pendek dalam neurotransmiter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDMA pertama kali dibuat tahun [[1912]]. Ia digunakan untuk meningkatkan [[psikoterapi]] yang dimulai pada 1970-an dan menjadi populer sebagai obat jalanan pada tahun 1980-an. MDMA umumnya terkait dengan pesta [[dansa]], dan [[musik dansa elektronik]]. Ia sering dijual dicampur dengan zat lain seperti [[efedrin]], [[amfetamin]], dan [[metamfetamina]]. Pada tahun 2014, antara 9 dan 29&amp;amp;nbsp;juta orang antara usia 15 dan 64 tahun, menggunakan ekstasi (0.2% sampai 0.6% dari populasi dunia). Hal tersebut secara luas mirip dengan persentase orang yang menggunakan [[kokain]], [[amfetamin]], dan [[opium|opioid]], tapi lebih sedikit daripada [[ganja]]. Di [[Amerika Serikat]], sekitar 0.9 juta orang menggunakan ekstasi pada tahun 2010.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDMA secara umum legal di sejumlah negara. Pengecualian terbatas kadang-kadang dibuat untuk penelitian. Para peneliti sedang menyelidiki apakah beberapa dosis rendah MDMA dapat membantu dalam mengobati, dalam pengobatan anti gangguan stress posttraumatik (PTSD) parah. Pada bulan November 2016, fase 3 percobaan klinis untuk PTSD telah disetujui oleh &amp;#039;&amp;#039;United States [[Food and Drug Administration]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; untuk menilai efektivitas dan keamanannya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Efek ==&lt;br /&gt;
Secara umum, pengguna MDMA mulai melaporkan efek subjektif dalam waktu 30 sampai 60 menit dari konsumsi, mencapai puncak pada sekitar 75 sampai 120 menit yang stabil sekitar 3.5&amp;amp;nbsp;jam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Efek psikoaktif jangka pendek yang diinginkan dari MDMA telah dilaporkan meliputi:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Euforia]] – rasa [[kesejahteraan]] dan kebahagiaan umum&lt;br /&gt;
* Peningkatan kepercayaan diri, sosialisasi dan perasaan komunikasi yang mudah atau sederhana&lt;br /&gt;
* Efek entaktogenik – peningkatan [[empati]] atau perasaan kedekatan dengan orang lain dan diri sendiri&lt;br /&gt;
* Relaksasi dan mengurangi kecemasan&lt;br /&gt;
* Peningkatan emosionalitas&lt;br /&gt;
* Rasa kedamaian batin&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Halusinasi]] ringan&lt;br /&gt;
* Peningkatan sensasi, persepsi, seksualitas&lt;br /&gt;
* Gelisah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Galeri ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Referensi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pranala luar ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly MDMA Facts and Statistics] National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/mdma Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or &amp;#039;Ecstasy&amp;#039;) drug profile] European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.maps.org/research/mdma MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy] Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies&amp;amp;nbsp;... pulmonary oedema/[Adult respiratory distress syndrome]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metilenadioksimetamfetamina&amp;amp;oldid=29153946 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29153946 (2026-04-22T12:22:56Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>