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Nilam (permata) - Riwayat revisi
2026-09-16T07:36:25Z
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Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi
2026-08-27T23:15:24Z
<p>Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Revisi sebelumnya</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revisi per 27 Agustus 2026 23.15</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Baris 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Baris 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Logan_Sapphire_SI.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Logan Sapphire SI]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Batu nilam''' , '''Safir''' atau '''nilakandi''' ([[Bahasa Ibrani]]: ספּיר ''sapir'') adalah bentuk [[kristal]] tunggal [[aluminium oksida]] (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), suatu [[mineral]] yang dikenal sebagai [[korundum]]. Safir dapat ditemukan secara alami sebagai [[batu permata]] atau difabrikasi pada ''boule'' kristal besar untuk berbagai keperluan, termasuk komponen optik [[inframerah]], permukaan jam, jendela yang kuat, dan [[wafer (elektronik)|wafer]] untuk deposisi semikonduktor seperti [[nanorod]] [[GaN]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Batu nilam''' , '''Safir''' atau '''nilakandi''' ([[Bahasa Ibrani]]: ספּיר ''sapir'') adalah bentuk [[kristal]] tunggal [[aluminium oksida]] (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), suatu [[mineral]] yang dikenal sebagai [[korundum]]. Safir dapat ditemukan secara alami sebagai [[batu permata]] atau difabrikasi pada ''boule'' kristal besar untuk berbagai keperluan, termasuk komponen optik [[inframerah]], permukaan jam, jendela yang kuat, dan [[wafer (elektronik)|wafer]] untuk deposisi semikonduktor seperti [[nanorod]] [[GaN]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Baris 4:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Baris 6:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Bacaan lanjutan ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Bacaan lanjutan ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Scheel, Hans J. and Tsuguo Fukuda, Eds, 2003, ''[http://scholar.google.com/url?sa=U&q=http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/98/04714905/0471490598.pdf Crystal Growth Technology]'', John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-49059-8</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Scheel, Hans J. and Tsuguo Fukuda, Eds, 2003, ''[http://scholar.google.com/url?sa=U&q=http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/98/04714905/0471490598.pdf Crystal Growth Technology]'', John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-49059-8</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Sofianides, Anna S. and George E. Harlow, 1997, ''Gems & Crystals'', Parkgate Books, pp.&nbsp;44–55 ISBN 1-85585-391-4</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Sofianides, Anna S. and George E. Harlow, 1997, ''Gems & Crystals'', Parkgate Books, pp.&nbsp;44–55 ISBN 1-85585-391-4</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l10">Baris 10:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Baris 11:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wojtilla, G. Indian precious stones in the ancient East and West, Acta Orientakia (Budapest) 27, 2, 211-224.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Wojtilla, G. Indian precious stones in the ancient East and West, Acta Orientakia (Budapest) 27, 2, 211-224.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Sumber dan atribusi ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilam+%28permata%29&oldid=28591625 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28591625 (2025-11-21T17:31:40Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Sumber dan atribusi ==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><!</ins>-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 </ins>--<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilam+%28permata%29&oldid=28591625 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28591625 (2025</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">11</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">21T17:31:40Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BerbagiSerupa (CC BY</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28591625; atribusi sumber disertakan.
2026-08-27T22:52:17Z
<p>Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28591625; atribusi sumber disertakan.</p>
<p><b>Halaman baru</b></p><div>'''Batu nilam''' , '''Safir''' atau '''nilakandi''' ([[Bahasa Ibrani]]: ספּיר ''sapir'') adalah bentuk [[kristal]] tunggal [[aluminium oksida]] (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), suatu [[mineral]] yang dikenal sebagai [[korundum]]. Safir dapat ditemukan secara alami sebagai [[batu permata]] atau difabrikasi pada ''boule'' kristal besar untuk berbagai keperluan, termasuk komponen optik [[inframerah]], permukaan jam, jendela yang kuat, dan [[wafer (elektronik)|wafer]] untuk deposisi semikonduktor seperti [[nanorod]] [[GaN]].<br />
<br />
Kelompok korundum termasuk aluminium murni. Sejumlah kecil unsur lain seperti [[besi]], [[titanium]], dan [[kromium]] memberikan warna biru, kuning, merah muda, ungu, jingga, atau kehijauan terhadap safir. Safir termasuk semua variasi kualitas mineral korundum kecuali yang memiliki warna merah jenuh penuh, yang dikenal sebagai [[rubi]].<br />
<br />
== Bacaan lanjutan ==<br />
<br />
* Scheel, Hans J. and Tsuguo Fukuda, Eds, 2003, ''[http://scholar.google.com/url?sa=U&q=http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/98/04714905/0471490598.pdf Crystal Growth Technology]'', John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-49059-8<br />
* Sofianides, Anna S. and George E. Harlow, 1997, ''Gems & Crystals'', Parkgate Books, pp.&nbsp;44–55 ISBN 1-85585-391-4<br />
* Texas Natural Science Center], ''[http://www.utexas.edu/tmm/npl/mineralogy/Lore_and_Mythology/index.htm Mineral Lore and Mythology]'', 2006<br />
* Wojtilla, G. Indian precious stones in the ancient East and West, Acta Orientakia (Budapest) 27, 2, 211-224.<br />
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<br />
== Sumber dan atribusi ==<br />
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Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilam+%28permata%29&oldid=28591625 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28591625 (2025-11-21T17:31:40Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div>
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