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	<title>On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances - Riwayat revisi</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-15T19:24:46Z</updated>
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		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=On_the_Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances&amp;diff=13202&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</title>
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		<updated>2026-08-26T04:07:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 26 Agustus 2026 04.07&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dalam [[sejarah termodinamika]], &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah karya ilmiah 300 halaman yang ditulis oleh insinyur matematika Amerika Serikat [[Willard Gibbs]]. Karya ini adalah salah satu karya ilmiah perintis [[termodinamika]], bersama &quot;&#039;&#039;[[Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge]]&#039;&#039;&quot; karya [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] tahun 1882. Keduanya membentuk dasar [[termodinamika kimia]] dan sebagian besar [[kimia fisik]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dalam [[sejarah termodinamika]], &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah karya ilmiah 300 halaman yang ditulis oleh insinyur matematika Amerika Serikat [[Willard Gibbs]]. Karya ini adalah salah satu karya ilmiah perintis [[termodinamika]], bersama &quot;&#039;&#039;[[Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge]]&#039;&#039;&quot; karya [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] tahun 1882. Keduanya membentuk dasar [[termodinamika kimia]] dan sebagian besar [[kimia fisik]].&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Bevan J. Ott. [https://archive.org/details/chemicalthermody0000ottj Chemical Thermodynamics – Principles and Applications]. Academic Press. 2000.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;John, W. Servos. [https://archive.org/details/physicalchemistr0000serv Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling]. Princeton University Press. 1990.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;Equilibrium&#039;&#039; Gibbs menandakan awal termodinamika kimia dengan mengintegrasikan fenomena [[kimia]], fisika, [[listrik]], dan [[elektromagnetisme|elektromagnetik]] menjadi satu sistem yang koheren. Karya ilmiah ini memperkenalkan konsep-konsep seperti [[potensi kimia]], [[aturan fase]], dan lain-lain, yang membentuk dasar kimia fisik modern. Penulis Amerika Serikat [[Bill Bryson]] mendeskripsikan &#039;&#039;Equilibrium&#039;&#039; Gibbs sebagai &quot;&#039;&#039;[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica|Principia]]&#039;&#039;-nya [[termodinamika]]&quot;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;Equilibrium&#039;&#039; Gibbs menandakan awal termodinamika kimia dengan mengintegrasikan fenomena [[kimia]], fisika, [[listrik]], dan [[elektromagnetisme|elektromagnetik]] menjadi satu sistem yang koheren. Karya ilmiah ini memperkenalkan konsep-konsep seperti [[potensi kimia]], [[aturan fase]], dan lain-lain, yang membentuk dasar kimia fisik modern. Penulis Amerika Serikat [[Bill Bryson]] mendeskripsikan &#039;&#039;Equilibrium&#039;&#039; Gibbs sebagai &quot;&#039;&#039;[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica|Principia]]&#039;&#039;-nya [[termodinamika]]&quot;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Bill Bryson&lt;/ins&gt;. [&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofne00unse A Short History of Nearly Everything&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Broadway Books. 2003. hlm. &lt;/ins&gt;[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofne00unse/page/116 116&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;–17,121&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances&#039;&#039; awalnya diterbitkan di sebuah jurnal Amerika Serikat yang relatif kurang terkenal, yaitu &#039;&#039;Transactions of the Connecticut Academy&#039;&#039;, dalam beberapa bagian pada tahun 1875 sampai 1878 (meski sebagian besar sumber menyebut &quot;1876&quot; sebagai tahun penerbitannya)&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Karya ilmiah ini masih belum diketahui publik sampai akhirnya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Jerman oleh &lt;/del&gt;[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[Wilhelm Ostwald&lt;/del&gt;]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] dan bahasa Prancis oleh &lt;/del&gt;[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[Henry Louis Le Chatelier]&lt;/del&gt;].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Catatan kaki ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances&#039;&#039; awalnya diterbitkan di sebuah jurnal Amerika Serikat yang relatif kurang terkenal, yaitu &#039;&#039;Transactions of the Connecticut Academy&#039;&#039;, dalam beberapa bagian pada tahun 1875 sampai 1878 (meski sebagian besar sumber menyebut &quot;1876&quot; sebagai tahun penerbitannya).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gibbs, Willard, J. (1876). &#039;&#039;Transactions of the Connecticut Academy&#039;&#039;, III, pp. 108-248, Oct. 1875-May 1876, and pp. 343-524, May 1877-July 1878.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Karya ilmiah ini masih belum diketahui publik sampai akhirnya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Jerman oleh [[Wilhelm Ostwald]] dan bahasa Prancis oleh [[Henry Louis Le Chatelier]].&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Gibbs&amp;#039;s paper &amp;quot;[http://web.mit.edu/jwk/www/docs/Gibbs1875-1878-Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances.pdf On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances] &amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Gibbs&amp;#039;s paper &amp;quot;[http://web.mit.edu/jwk/www/docs/Gibbs1875-1878-Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances.pdf On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances] &amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=On+the+Equilibrium+of+Heterogeneous+Substances&amp;amp;oldid=29449227 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29449227 (2026-07-12T15:30:10Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=On+the+Equilibrium+of+Heterogeneous+Substances&amp;amp;oldid=29449227 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29449227 (2026-07-12T15:30:10Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 --&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=On_the_Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances&amp;diff=12804&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29449227; atribusi sumber disertakan.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=On_the_Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances&amp;diff=12804&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-26T03:43:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29449227; atribusi sumber disertakan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Halaman baru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dalam [[sejarah termodinamika]], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah karya ilmiah 300 halaman yang ditulis oleh insinyur matematika Amerika Serikat [[Willard Gibbs]]. Karya ini adalah salah satu karya ilmiah perintis [[termodinamika]], bersama &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot; karya [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] tahun 1882. Keduanya membentuk dasar [[termodinamika kimia]] dan sebagian besar [[kimia fisik]].&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Equilibrium&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Gibbs menandakan awal termodinamika kimia dengan mengintegrasikan fenomena [[kimia]], fisika, [[listrik]], dan [[elektromagnetisme|elektromagnetik]] menjadi satu sistem yang koheren. Karya ilmiah ini memperkenalkan konsep-konsep seperti [[potensi kimia]], [[aturan fase]], dan lain-lain, yang membentuk dasar kimia fisik modern. Penulis Amerika Serikat [[Bill Bryson]] mendeskripsikan &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Equilibrium&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Gibbs sebagai &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica|Principia]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;-nya [[termodinamika]]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;#039;&amp;#039;On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances&amp;#039;&amp;#039; awalnya diterbitkan di sebuah jurnal Amerika Serikat yang relatif kurang terkenal, yaitu &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Transactions of the Connecticut Academy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, dalam beberapa bagian pada tahun 1875 sampai 1878 (meski sebagian besar sumber menyebut &amp;quot;1876&amp;quot; sebagai tahun penerbitannya). Karya ilmiah ini masih belum diketahui publik sampai akhirnya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Jerman oleh [[Wilhelm Ostwald]] dan bahasa Prancis oleh [[Henry Louis Le Chatelier]].&lt;br /&gt;
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== Catatan kaki ==&lt;br /&gt;
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== Pranala luar ==&lt;br /&gt;
* Gibbs&amp;#039;s paper &amp;quot;[http://web.mit.edu/jwk/www/docs/Gibbs1875-1878-Equilibrium_of_Heterogeneous_Substances.pdf On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances] &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=On+the+Equilibrium+of+Heterogeneous+Substances&amp;amp;oldid=29449227 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29449227 (2026-07-12T15:30:10Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
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