Perang kimia - Riwayat revisi

Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

2026-08-29T09:01:49Z

Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi

← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi per 29 Agustus 2026 09.01
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	'''Perang kimia''' melibatkan penggunaan bahan-bahan beracun dari substansi-[[substansi kimia]] sebagai [[senjata kimia]]. Jenis perang ini berbeda dari [[perang nuklir]] dan [[perang biologi]], yang secara bersama-sama disebut perang NBC, yaitu akronim militer untuk perang nuklir, biologi dan ''chemical''/bahan kimia, semuanya dianggap "[[senjata pemusnah massal]]". Tidak ada satu pun dari senjata-senjata tersebut yang dikategorikan sebagai [[senjata konvensional]] yang biasanya efektif karena potensi destruktif mereka. Dengan peralatan, pelatihan dan tindakan dekontaminasi protektif, dampak-dampak utama senjata kimia dapat dikurangi. Beberapa negara mencekal bahan-bahan kimia yang dapat dijadikan senjata perang. Ancaman dan dugaan ancaman senjata kimia telah digunakan sebagai strategi untuk merencanakan tindakan dan tindakan balasan.		'''Perang kimia''' melibatkan penggunaan bahan-bahan beracun dari substansi-[[substansi kimia]] sebagai [[senjata kimia]]. Jenis perang ini berbeda dari [[perang nuklir]] dan [[perang biologi]], yang secara bersama-sama disebut perang NBC, yaitu akronim militer untuk perang nuklir, biologi dan ''chemical''/bahan kimia, semuanya dianggap "[[senjata pemusnah massal]]". Tidak ada satu pun dari senjata-senjata tersebut yang dikategorikan sebagai [[senjata konvensional]] yang biasanya efektif karena potensi destruktif mereka. Dengan peralatan, pelatihan dan tindakan dekontaminasi protektif, dampak-dampak utama senjata kimia dapat dikurangi. Beberapa negara mencekal bahan-bahan kimia yang dapat dijadikan senjata perang. Ancaman dan dugaan ancaman senjata kimia telah digunakan sebagai strategi untuk merencanakan tindakan dan tindakan balasan.

	Pemakaian senjata kimia dilarang oleh [[adat hukum internasional\|adat]] [[hukum kemanusiaan internasional]].		Pemakaian senjata kimia dilarang oleh [[adat hukum internasional\|adat]] [[hukum kemanusiaan internasional]].<ref>[https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule74 Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited.], ''Customary IHL Database'', International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)/Cambridge University Press.</ref>

	== Lihat pula ==		== Lihat pula ==
Baris 7:		Baris 7:

	== Catatan ==		== Catatan ==


	~~== Referensi ==~~

	* CBWInfo.com (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041205051646/http://www.cbwinfo.com/History/History.html A Brief History of Chemical and Biological Weapons: Ancient Times to the 19th Century]. Retrieved November 24, 2004.
	* Chomsky, Noam (March 4, 2001). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050103232821/http://www.countercurrents.org/chomsky1.htm Prospects for Peace in the Middle East]'', page 2. Lecture.
	* Cordette, Jessica, MPH(c) (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050416035052/http://www.want2race.net/hper/Chemical_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction.ppt Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction]. Retrieved November 29, 2004.
	*
	* Smart, Jeffery K., M.A. (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015013158/http://usuhs.mil/cbw/history.htm History of Biological and Chemical Warfare]. Retrieved November 24, 2004.
	* United States Senate, [[103rd United States Congress\|103d Congress]], 2d Session. (May 25, 1994). [http://www.gulfweb.org/bigdoc/report/riegle1.html The Riegle Report] . Retrieved November 6, 2004.
	* Gerard J Fitzgerald. American Journal of Public Health. Washington: Apr 2008. Vol. 98, Iss. 4; p. 611
	*

	== Bacaan tambahan ==		== Bacaan tambahan ==
	* Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher; ''The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War'' [[Office of the Chief of Military History]], 1959; L. P. Brophy, W. D. Miles and C. C. Cochrane, ''The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory to Field'' (1959); and B. E. Kleber and D. Birdsell, ''The Chemical Warfare Service in Combat'' (1966). official US history;		* Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher; ''The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War'' [[Office of the Chief of Military History]], 1959; L. P. Brophy, W. D. Miles and C. C. Cochrane, ''The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory to Field'' (1959); and B. E. Kleber and D. Birdsell, ''The Chemical Warfare Service in Combat'' (1966). official US history;
Baris 34:		Baris 21:

	== Pranala luar ==		== Pranala luar ==

	* [http://www.opcw.org/ Official website] of the [[Organisasi Pelarangan Senjata Kimia]] (OPCW)		* [http://www.opcw.org/ Official website] of the [[Organisasi Pelarangan Senjata Kimia]] (OPCW)
	* [https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule74 Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited.] — section on chemical weapons from ''Customary IHL Database'', an "updated version of the Study on customary [[international humanitarian law]] conducted by the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) and originally published by [[Cambridge University Press]]."		* [https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule74 Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited.] — section on chemical weapons from ''Customary IHL Database'', an "updated version of the Study on customary [[international humanitarian law]] conducted by the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) and originally published by [[Cambridge University Press]]."
	* [http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/chemicalwarfare.html Chemical Warfare information page] , from the Disaster Information Management Research Center of the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]] including links to relevant sources in the [[U.S. National Library of Medicine]]		* [http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/chemicalwarfare.html Chemical Warfare information page] , from the Disaster Information Management Research Center of the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]] including links to relevant sources in the [[U.S. National Library of Medicine]]

			== Referensi ==
			<references />

	== Sumber dan atribusi ==		== Sumber dan atribusi ==

	Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perang+kimia&oldid=29239141 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29239141 (2026-05-17T07:48:29Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.		Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perang+kimia&oldid=29239141 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29239141 (2026-05-17T07:48:29Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

			<!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 -->

Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29239141; atribusi sumber disertakan.

2026-08-29T08:26:10Z

Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29239141; atribusi sumber disertakan.

Halaman baru

'''Perang kimia''' melibatkan penggunaan bahan-bahan beracun dari substansi-[[substansi kimia]] sebagai [[senjata kimia]]. Jenis perang ini berbeda dari [[perang nuklir]] dan [[perang biologi]], yang secara bersama-sama disebut perang NBC, yaitu akronim militer untuk perang nuklir, biologi dan ''chemical''/bahan kimia, semuanya dianggap "[[senjata pemusnah massal]]". Tidak ada satu pun dari senjata-senjata tersebut yang dikategorikan sebagai [[senjata konvensional]] yang biasanya efektif karena potensi destruktif mereka. Dengan peralatan, pelatihan dan tindakan dekontaminasi protektif, dampak-dampak utama senjata kimia dapat dikurangi. Beberapa negara mencekal bahan-bahan kimia yang dapat dijadikan senjata perang. Ancaman dan dugaan ancaman senjata kimia telah digunakan sebagai strategi untuk merencanakan tindakan dan tindakan balasan.

Pemakaian senjata kimia dilarang oleh [[adat hukum internasional|adat]] [[hukum kemanusiaan internasional]].

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Zyklon B]]

== Catatan ==

== Referensi ==

* CBWInfo.com (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041205051646/http://www.cbwinfo.com/History/History.html A Brief History of Chemical and Biological Weapons: Ancient Times to the 19th Century]. Retrieved November 24, 2004.
* Chomsky, Noam (March 4, 2001). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050103232821/http://www.countercurrents.org/chomsky1.htm Prospects for Peace in the Middle East]'', page 2. Lecture.
* Cordette, Jessica, MPH(c) (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050416035052/http://www.want2race.net/hper/Chemical_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction.ppt Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction]. Retrieved November 29, 2004.
*
* Smart, Jeffery K., M.A. (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015013158/http://usuhs.mil/cbw/history.htm History of Biological and Chemical Warfare]. Retrieved November 24, 2004.
* United States Senate, [[103rd United States Congress|103d Congress]], 2d Session. (May 25, 1994). [http://www.gulfweb.org/bigdoc/report/riegle1.html The Riegle Report] . Retrieved November 6, 2004.
* Gerard J Fitzgerald. American Journal of Public Health. Washington: Apr 2008. Vol. 98, Iss. 4; p. 611
*

== Bacaan tambahan ==
* Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher; ''The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War'' [[Office of the Chief of Military History]], 1959; L. P. Brophy, W. D. Miles and C. C. Cochrane, ''The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory to Field'' (1959); and B. E. Kleber and D. Birdsell, ''The Chemical Warfare Service in Combat'' (1966). official US history;
* Glenn Cross, ''Dirty War: Rhodesia and Chemical Biological Warfare, 1975–1980'', Helion & Company, 2017
* Gordon M. Burck and Charles C. Flowerree; ''International Handbook on Chemical Weapons Proliferation'' 1991
* L. F. Haber. ''The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War'' Oxford University Press: 1986
* James W. Hammond Jr; ''Poison Gas: The Myths Versus Reality'' Greenwood Press, 1999
* Jiri Janata, [http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155242 Role of Analytical Chemistry in Defense Strategies Against Chemical and Biological Attack] , ''Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry,'' 2009
* Ishmael Jones, ''The Human Factor: Inside the CIA's Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture'', Encounter Books, New York 2008, revised 2010, . WMD espionage.
* Benoit Morel and Kyle Olson; ''Shadows and Substance: The Chemical Weapons Convention'' Westview Press, 1993
* Adrienne Mayor, "Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World" Overlook-Duckworth, 2003, rev ed with new Introduction 2008
* Geoff Plunkett, ''[http://www.bookdepository.co.uk/Chemical-Warfare-Australia-Geoff-Plunkett/9780987427908 Chemical Warfare in Australia: Australia's Involvement In Chemical Warfare 1914 - Today, (2nd Edition), 2013.]''. Leech Cup Books. A volume in the Army Military History Series published in association with the Army History Unit.
* [[Jonathan B. Tucker]]. ''Chemical Warfare from World War I to Al-Qaeda'' (2006)

== Pranala luar ==

* [http://www.opcw.org/ Official website] of the [[Organisasi Pelarangan Senjata Kimia]] (OPCW)
* [https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule74 Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited.] — section on chemical weapons from ''Customary IHL Database'', an "updated version of the Study on customary [[international humanitarian law]] conducted by the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) and originally published by [[Cambridge University Press]]."
* [http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/chemicalwarfare.html Chemical Warfare information page] , from the Disaster Information Management Research Center of the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]] including links to relevant sources in the [[U.S. National Library of Medicine]]

== Sumber dan atribusi ==

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perang+kimia&oldid=29239141 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29239141 (2026-05-17T07:48:29Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.