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	<title>Percobaan Miller–Urey - Riwayat revisi</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 28 Agustus 2026 18.00&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Percobaan Miller–Urey&#039;&#039;&#039; (atau &#039;&#039;&#039;percobaan Urey–Miller&#039;&#039;&#039;) adalah &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;percobaan]] yang menyimulasikan keadaan [[Bumi purba]] dan menguji terjadinya [[abiogenesis]]. Lebih tepatnya, percobaan ini menguji hipotesis [[Alexander Oparin]] dan [[J. B&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;S. Haldane]] bahwa keadaan Bumi purba mendukung reaksi kimia yang dapat menyintesis [[senyawa organik]] yang lebih kompleks dari pendahulu organik yang sederhana. Percobaan yang dianggap sebagai percobaan klasik dalam [[abiogenesis]] eksperimental ini dilakukan pada tahun 1953 oleh [[Stanley &lt;/del&gt;Miller&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] dan [[Harold &lt;/del&gt;Urey]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;di [[Universitas Chicago]] dan nantinya [[Universitas California, San Diego]]. Hasilnya diterbitkan satu tahun kemudian.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;File:Miller-Urey_experiment-en&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;svg|thumb|right|280px|&lt;/ins&gt;Miller&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/ins&gt;Urey &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;experiment-en&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Setelah kematian Miller pada tahun 2007&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ilmuwan memeriksa botol kecil &lt;/del&gt;yang &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;digunakan oleh Miller &lt;/del&gt;dan &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;menemukan bahwa terdapat lebih dari 20 macam &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;asam amino&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;yang dihasilkan dalam &lt;/del&gt;percobaan ini. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Jumlah tersebut jauh lebih besar dari yang dilaporkan oleh Miller, dan lebih dari 20 di antaranya muncul secara alami dalam kehidupan&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Lebih lagi, beberapa bukti menunjukkan &lt;/del&gt;bahwa &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;atmosfer &lt;/del&gt;Bumi purba &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mungkin memiliki komposisi &lt;/del&gt;yang &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;berbeda &lt;/del&gt;dari &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gas &lt;/del&gt;yang &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;digunakan dalam percobaan Miller-Urey&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bukti-bukti menunjukkan terjadinya letusan vulkanik 4 miliar tahun &lt;/del&gt;yang &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;lalu, yang mengeluarkan &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;karbon dioksida&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(CO&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;), &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nitrogen&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(N&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2&amp;lt;&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sub&amp;gt;), [[hidrogen sulfida]&lt;/del&gt;] (&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;S), dan &lt;/del&gt;[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[sulfur dioksida]&lt;/del&gt;] (&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;SO&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/sub&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ke atmosfer&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Percobaan yang menggunakan gas-gas tersebut dan gas dalam percobaan Miller-Urey berhasil menghasilkan molekul yang lebih beragam&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Percobaan Miller–Urey&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hill HG, Nuth JA. &#039;&#039;The catalytic potential of cosmic dust: implications for prebiotic chemistry in the solar nebula and other protoplanetary systems&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Astrobiology&#039;&#039;. 2003. Vol. 3 (2). hlm. 291–304. doi:10.1089/153110703769016389.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (atau &#039;&#039;&#039;percobaan Urey–Miller&#039;&#039;&#039;)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Balm SP, Hare J.P.&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Kroto HW. &#039;&#039;The analysis of comet mass spectrometric data&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Space Science Reviews&#039;&#039;. 1991. Vol. 56. hlm. 185–9. doi:10.1007/BF00178408.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; adalah [[percobaan]] &lt;/ins&gt;yang &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;menyimulasikan keadaan [[Bumi purba]] &lt;/ins&gt;dan &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;menguji terjadinya &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;abiogenesis&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Lebih tepatnya, &lt;/ins&gt;percobaan ini &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;menguji hipotesis [[Alexander Oparin]] dan [[J. B&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Haldane]] &lt;/ins&gt;bahwa &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;keadaan &lt;/ins&gt;Bumi purba &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mendukung reaksi kimia &lt;/ins&gt;yang &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dapat menyintesis [[senyawa organik]] yang lebih kompleks &lt;/ins&gt;dari &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pendahulu organik &lt;/ins&gt;yang &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sederhana&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Percobaan &lt;/ins&gt;yang &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dianggap sebagai percobaan klasik dalam &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;abiogenesis&lt;/ins&gt;]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eksperimental ini dilakukan pada tahun 1953&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Jeffrey L. Bada. [http://www.issol.org/miller/70thB-Day.pdf Stanley Miller&#039;s 70th Birthday]. &#039;&#039;Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere&#039;&#039;. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2000. Vol. 30. hlm. 107–12. doi:10.1023/A:1006746205180.&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;oleh [[Stanley Miller]] dan [[Harold Urey]] di [[Universitas Chicago]] dan nantinya &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Universitas California, San Diego&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Hasilnya diterbitkan satu tahun kemudian.&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Stanley L. Miller. [http://www.abenteuer-universum.de/pdf&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;miller_1953.pdf Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &#039;&#039;Science&#039;&#039;. May 1953. Vol. 117 &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3046). hlm. 528–9. doi:10.1126/science.117.3046.528.&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/ref&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Stanley L. Miller. &lt;/ins&gt;[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1959-07-31_130_3370/page/n3 Organic Compound Synthesis on the Primitive Earth&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &#039;&#039;Science&#039;&#039;. July 1959. Vol. 130 &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3370). hlm. 245–51. doi:10.1126/science.130.3370.245. Miller states that he made &quot;A more complete analysis of the products&quot; in the 1953 experiment, listing additional results.&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/ref&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A. Lazcano, J. L. Bada. &#039;&#039;The 1953 Stanley L. Miller Experiment: Fifty Years of Prebiotic Organic Chemistry&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres&#039;&#039;. June 2004. Vol. 33 (3&lt;/ins&gt;). &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hlm. 235–242. doi:10.1023/A:1024807125069&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Catatan kaki ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Setelah kematian Miller pada tahun 2007, ilmuwan memeriksa botol kecil yang digunakan oleh Miller dan menemukan bahwa terdapat lebih dari 20 macam [[asam amino]] yang dihasilkan dalam percobaan ini. Jumlah tersebut jauh lebih besar dari yang dilaporkan oleh Miller, dan lebih dari 20 di antaranya muncul secara alami dalam kehidupan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;BBC: &#039;&#039;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00mbvfh The Spark of Life]&#039;&#039;. TV Documentary, BBC 4, 26 August 2009.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Lebih lagi, beberapa bukti menunjukkan bahwa atmosfer Bumi purba mungkin memiliki komposisi yang berbeda dari gas yang digunakan dalam percobaan Miller-Urey. Bukti-bukti menunjukkan terjadinya letusan vulkanik 4 miliar tahun yang lalu, yang mengeluarkan [[karbon dioksida]] (CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), [[nitrogen]] (N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), [[hidrogen sulfida]] (H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;S), dan [[sulfur dioksida]] (SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ke atmosfer. Percobaan yang menggunakan gas-gas tersebut dan gas dalam percobaan Miller-Urey berhasil menghasilkan molekul yang lebih beragam.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Douglas Fox. [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=primordial-soup-urey-miller-evolution-experiment-repeated Primordial Soup&#039;s On: Scientists Repeat Evolution&#039;s Most Famous Experiment]. Scientific American Inc. 2007-03-28. [http://www.astro.ulg.ac.be/~mouchet/BIOC0701-1/Cleaves-etal-2008.pdf pdf]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pranala luar ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://millerureyexperiment.com A simulation of the Miller–Urey Experiment along with a video Interview with Stanley Miller] by Scott Ellis from CalSpace (UCSD)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://millerureyexperiment.com A simulation of the Miller–Urey Experiment along with a video Interview with Stanley Miller] by Scott Ellis from CalSpace (UCSD)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/86/i42/8642notw4.html Origin-Of-Life Chemistry Revisited: Reanalysis of famous spark-discharge experiments reveals a richer collection of amino acids were formed.]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/86/i42/8642notw4.html Origin-Of-Life Chemistry Revisited: Reanalysis of famous spark-discharge experiments reveals a richer collection of amino acids were formed.]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/Exobiology/miller.html  - Miller–Urey experiment explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/Exobiology/miller.html  - Miller–Urey experiment explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* http://www.althofer.de/miller-experiment-with-lego.html - Miller experiment with Lego bricks.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* http://www.althofer.de/miller-experiment-with-lego.html - Miller experiment with Lego bricks.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://news.sciencemag.org/2011/03/long-neglected-experiment-gives-new-clues-origin-life?ref=hp Long-Neglected Experiment Gives New Clues to Origin of Life]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://news.sciencemag.org/2011/03/long-neglected-experiment-gives-new-clues-origin-life?ref=hp Long-Neglected Experiment Gives New Clues to Origin of Life]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/03/14/1019191108 Primordial synthesis of amines and amino acids in a 1958 Miller H2S-rich spark discharge experiment ]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/03/14/1019191108 Primordial synthesis of amines and amino acids in a 1958 Miller H2S-rich spark discharge experiment ]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sumber &lt;/del&gt;dan &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;atribusi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Percobaan+Miller%E2%80%93Urey&amp;amp;oldid&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;27532762 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27532762 (2025-07-12T03:19:14Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons &lt;/ins&gt;dan &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percobaan+Miller%E2%80%93Urey&amp;amp;oldid=27532762 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27532762 (2025&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;07&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;12T03:19:14Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;BerbagiSerupa (CC BY&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!&lt;/ins&gt;-- &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 &lt;/ins&gt;--&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Percobaan_Miller%E2%80%93Urey&amp;diff=23011&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 27532762; atribusi sumber disertakan.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Percobaan_Miller%E2%80%93Urey&amp;diff=23011&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-28T17:25:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 27532762; atribusi sumber disertakan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Halaman baru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Percobaan Miller–Urey&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (atau &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;percobaan Urey–Miller&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) adalah [[percobaan]] yang menyimulasikan keadaan [[Bumi purba]] dan menguji terjadinya [[abiogenesis]]. Lebih tepatnya, percobaan ini menguji hipotesis [[Alexander Oparin]] dan [[J. B. S. Haldane]] bahwa keadaan Bumi purba mendukung reaksi kimia yang dapat menyintesis [[senyawa organik]] yang lebih kompleks dari pendahulu organik yang sederhana. Percobaan yang dianggap sebagai percobaan klasik dalam [[abiogenesis]] eksperimental ini dilakukan pada tahun 1953 oleh [[Stanley Miller]] dan [[Harold Urey]] di [[Universitas Chicago]] dan nantinya [[Universitas California, San Diego]]. Hasilnya diterbitkan satu tahun kemudian.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Setelah kematian Miller pada tahun 2007, ilmuwan memeriksa botol kecil yang digunakan oleh Miller dan menemukan bahwa terdapat lebih dari 20 macam [[asam amino]] yang dihasilkan dalam percobaan ini. Jumlah tersebut jauh lebih besar dari yang dilaporkan oleh Miller, dan lebih dari 20 di antaranya muncul secara alami dalam kehidupan. Lebih lagi, beberapa bukti menunjukkan bahwa atmosfer Bumi purba mungkin memiliki komposisi yang berbeda dari gas yang digunakan dalam percobaan Miller-Urey. Bukti-bukti menunjukkan terjadinya letusan vulkanik 4 miliar tahun yang lalu, yang mengeluarkan [[karbon dioksida]] (CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), [[nitrogen]] (N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;), [[hidrogen sulfida]] (H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;S), dan [[sulfur dioksida]] (SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ke atmosfer. Percobaan yang menggunakan gas-gas tersebut dan gas dalam percobaan Miller-Urey berhasil menghasilkan molekul yang lebih beragam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Catatan kaki ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pranala luar ==&lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://millerureyexperiment.com A simulation of the Miller–Urey Experiment along with a video Interview with Stanley Miller] by Scott Ellis from CalSpace (UCSD)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/86/i42/8642notw4.html Origin-Of-Life Chemistry Revisited: Reanalysis of famous spark-discharge experiments reveals a richer collection of amino acids were formed.]&lt;br /&gt;
* http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/Exobiology/miller.html  - Miller–Urey experiment explained.&lt;br /&gt;
* http://www.althofer.de/miller-experiment-with-lego.html - Miller experiment with Lego bricks.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://news.sciencemag.org/2011/03/long-neglected-experiment-gives-new-clues-origin-life?ref=hp Long-Neglected Experiment Gives New Clues to Origin of Life]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/03/14/1019191108 Primordial synthesis of amines and amino acids in a 1958 Miller H2S-rich spark discharge experiment ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percobaan+Miller%E2%80%93Urey&amp;amp;oldid=27532762 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27532762 (2025-07-12T03:19:14Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>