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Proses Gilchrist–Thomas - Riwayat revisi
2026-09-15T20:20:23Z
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Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi
2026-08-28T04:04:18Z
<p>Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Revisi sebelumnya</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revisi per 28 Agustus 2026 04.04</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17">Baris 17:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Baris 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Proses Bessemer]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Proses Bessemer]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Pemurnian (metalurgi)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Pemurnian (metalurgi)]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Referensi ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* G. Reginald Bashforth, ''The manufacture of iron and steel, vol. 2: Steel production'', London, Chapman & Hall Ltd, 1951, 461 p.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Thomas Turner (dir.), ''The metallurgy of iron: By Thomas Turner...: Being one of a series of treatises on metallurgy written by associates of the Royal school of mines'', C. Griffin & company, limited, coll. "Griffin's metallurgical series", 1908, 3rd ed., 463 p.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Walter MacFarlane, ''The principles and practice of iron and steel manufacture'', Longmans, Green, and Co, 1917, 5th ed.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* R.W. Burnie, ''Memoir and letters of Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, Inventor'', John Murray, 1891</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* William Tulloch Jeans, ''The Creators of the Age of Stee''l, 1884, 356 p.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Hermann Wedding (translated from German by: William B. Phillips, Ph.D. & Ernst Prochaska), ''Wedding's basic Bessemer process'' ["Basische Bessemer - oder Thomas-Process"], New York Scientific Publishing Company, 1891, 224 p.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Jean Duflot, ''Encyclopædia Universalis'', "Sidérurgie"</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Sumber dan atribusi ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Sumber dan atribusi ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proses+Gilchrist%E2%80%93Thomas&oldid=25682780 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 25682780 (2024-05-07T08:42:20Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proses+Gilchrist%E2%80%93Thomas&oldid=25682780 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 25682780 (2024-05-07T08:42:20Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div></td></tr>
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Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 25682780; atribusi sumber disertakan.
2026-08-28T03:34:22Z
<p>Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 25682780; atribusi sumber disertakan.</p>
<p><b>Halaman baru</b></p><div>'''Proses Gilchrist – Thomas''' atau '''proses Thomas''' adalah [[proses]] historis untuk pemurnian [[besi kasar]], yang berasal dari [[konverter Bessemer]]. Namanya diambil dari penemunya yang mematenkannya pada tahun 1877: Percy Carlyle Gilchrist dan sepupunya Sidney Gilchrist Thomas. Dengan mengizinkan eksploitasi bijih besi fosfor, yang paling melimpah, proses ini memungkinkan perluasan industri baja secara pesat di luar [[Inggris]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]].<br />
<br />
Prosesnya pada dasarnya berbeda dari proses Bessemer pada lapisan tahan api konverter. Yang terakhir, terbuat dari [[dolomit]] yang dibakar dengan tar, bersifat [[basa]], sedangkan lapisan Bessemer, terbuat dari pasir yang dikemas, bersifat [[asam]]. [[Fosfor]], dengan bermigrasi dari besi ke [[terak]], memungkinkan produksi logam dengan kualitas yang memuaskan, dan fosfat yang dicari sebagai [[pupuk]], yang dikenal sebagai "Thomas Meal". Kerugian dari proses dasar ini mencakup kehilangan zat besi yang lebih besar dan pelepasan zat besi yang lebih sering.<br />
<br />
Setelah mendukung pertumbuhan spektakuler industri besi dan baja Lorraine, proses tersebut semakin memudar di depan perapian terbuka Siemens-Martin, yang juga memanfaatkan lapisan tahan api dasar, sebelum menghilang pada pertengahan tahun 1960an: seiring dengan perkembangan pencairan gas, penggunaan oksigen murni menjadi layak secara ekonomi. Sekalipun konverter oksigen murni modern semuanya beroperasi dengan media dasar, kinerja dan pengoperasiannya tidak ada hubungannya dengan pendahulunya.<br />
<br />
== Lihat pula ==<br />
* [[Bijih besi]]<br />
* [[Tanur tiup]]<br />
* [[Batu pasir besi]]<br />
* [[Besi]]<br />
* [[Baja]]<br />
* [[Peleburan (metalurgi)]]<br />
* [[Pembuatan baja]]<br />
* [[Logam paduan]]<br />
* [[Besi kasar]]<br />
* [[Proses Bessemer]]<br />
* [[Pemurnian (metalurgi)]]<br />
<br />
== Referensi ==<br />
<br />
* G. Reginald Bashforth, ''The manufacture of iron and steel, vol. 2: Steel production'', London, Chapman & Hall Ltd, 1951, 461 p.<br />
* Thomas Turner (dir.), ''The metallurgy of iron: By Thomas Turner...: Being one of a series of treatises on metallurgy written by associates of the Royal school of mines'', C. Griffin & company, limited, coll. "Griffin's metallurgical series", 1908, 3rd ed., 463 p.<br />
* Walter MacFarlane, ''The principles and practice of iron and steel manufacture'', Longmans, Green, and Co, 1917, 5th ed.<br />
* R.W. Burnie, ''Memoir and letters of Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, Inventor'', John Murray, 1891<br />
* William Tulloch Jeans, ''The Creators of the Age of Stee''l, 1884, 356 p.<br />
* Hermann Wedding (translated from German by: William B. Phillips, Ph.D. & Ernst Prochaska), ''Wedding's basic Bessemer process'' ["Basische Bessemer - oder Thomas-Process"], New York Scientific Publishing Company, 1891, 224 p.<br />
* Jean Duflot, ''Encyclopædia Universalis'', "Sidérurgie"<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Sumber dan atribusi ==<br />
<br />
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proses+Gilchrist%E2%80%93Thomas&oldid=25682780 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 25682780 (2024-05-07T08:42:20Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div>
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