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Raymond Thayer Birge - Riwayat revisi
2026-09-16T04:31:11Z
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Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi
2026-08-27T18:10:01Z
<p>Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Revisi sebelumnya</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revisi per 27 Agustus 2026 18.10</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Baris 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Baris 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del>Raymond <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Thayer </del>Birge<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' () adalah seorang [[fisikawan]] [[Amerika Serikat</del>]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Portrait_of_Raymond_T._Birge.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Portrait of </ins>Raymond <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">T. </ins>Birge]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lahir di </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Brooklyn, New York</del>]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, dari keluarga akademisi, Birge meraih gelar doktor dari </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Universitas Wisconsin–Madison|Universitas Wisconsin</del>]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pada tahun 1913</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Pada tahun yang sama</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ia menikahi Irene </del>A. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Walsh</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Pasangan ini memiliki dua anak, Carolyn Elizabeth </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mrs</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">E</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">D</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Yocky) dan Robert Walsh, Direktur [[Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Berkeley]] pada tahun 1973-1981</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Setelah menjadi instruktur selama lima tahun di [[Universitas Syracuse]], ia menjadi anggota departemen fisika di [[Universitas California, Berkeley]], dan tetap bekerja di sana sampai pensiun pada tahun 1955</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''Raymond Thayer Birge''' () adalah seorang </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fisikawan</ins>]] [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Amerika Serikat</ins>]].<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>Helmholz</ins>, A. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Carl. ''Obituary: Raymond Thayer Birge''. ''Physics Today''. August 1980. Vol</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">33 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8). hlm</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">68–70</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">doi:10</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1063/1</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2914232</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Karyanya yang paling dikenal adalah </del>di <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bidang </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">spektrum pancar</del>]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">yakni pengembangan </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metode </del>Birge-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sponer</del>]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">yang kemudian digeneralisasikan oleh </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teori LeRoy-Bernstein</del>]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lahir </ins>di [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Brooklyn, New York</ins>]], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dari keluarga akademisi, Birge meraih gelar doktor dari </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Universitas Wisconsin–Madison|Universitas Wisconsin]] pada tahun 1913. Pada tahun yang sama, ia menikahi Irene A. Walsh. Pasangan ini memiliki dua anak, Carolyn Elizabeth (Mrs. E. D. Yocky) dan Robert Walsh,<ref>[http://www.lbl.gov/publicinfo/newscenter/tabl/2010/august/08-31-10/jump.html Robert Walsh </ins>Birge <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(1924–2010)]. ''Today at Berkeley Lab''. Aug 31, 2010.</ref> Direktur [[Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Berkeley]] pada tahun 1973</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1981. Setelah menjadi instruktur selama lima tahun di [[Universitas Syracuse</ins>]], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ia menjadi anggota departemen fisika di </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Universitas California, Berkeley</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, dan tetap bekerja di sana sampai pensiun pada tahun 1955</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Referensi ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Karyanya yang paling dikenal adalah di bidang [[spektrum pancar]], yakni pengembangan [[metode Birge-Sponer]], yang kemudian digeneralisasikan oleh [[teori LeRoy-Bernstein]].<ref>Deming, W. Edwards. [https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/327281/files/GradSchoolTheoryErrors.pdf On the Statistical Theory of Errors]. ''Rev. Mod. Phys''. 1934. Vol. 6 (3). hlm. 119–161. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.6.119.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Pranala luar ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Pranala luar ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/birge-raymond-t-1.pdf National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/birge-raymond-t-1.pdf National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Referensi ==</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Sumber dan atribusi ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sumber </del>dan <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">atribusi ==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Raymond+Thayer+Birge&oldid</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">27568154 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27568154 (2025-07-19T00:55:55Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons </ins>dan <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond+Thayer+Birge&oldid=27568154 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27568154 (2025</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">07</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">19T00:55:55Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BerbagiSerupa (CC BY</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><!</ins>-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 </ins>--<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">></ins></div></td></tr>
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2026-08-27T17:41:24Z
<p>Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 27568154; atribusi sumber disertakan.</p>
<p><b>Halaman baru</b></p><div>'''Raymond Thayer Birge''' () adalah seorang [[fisikawan]] [[Amerika Serikat]].<br />
<br />
Lahir di [[Brooklyn, New York]], dari keluarga akademisi, Birge meraih gelar doktor dari [[Universitas Wisconsin–Madison|Universitas Wisconsin]] pada tahun 1913. Pada tahun yang sama, ia menikahi Irene A. Walsh. Pasangan ini memiliki dua anak, Carolyn Elizabeth (Mrs. E. D. Yocky) dan Robert Walsh, Direktur [[Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Berkeley]] pada tahun 1973-1981. Setelah menjadi instruktur selama lima tahun di [[Universitas Syracuse]], ia menjadi anggota departemen fisika di [[Universitas California, Berkeley]], dan tetap bekerja di sana sampai pensiun pada tahun 1955.<br />
<br />
Karyanya yang paling dikenal adalah di bidang [[spektrum pancar]], yakni pengembangan [[metode Birge-Sponer]], yang kemudian digeneralisasikan oleh [[teori LeRoy-Bernstein]].<br />
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== Referensi ==<br />
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== Pranala luar ==<br />
* [http://www.quantum-chemistry-history.com/Birge1.htm Berkeley biography]<br />
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf0q2n985c/ Guide to the Raymond Thayer Birge Papers] at [[The Bancroft Library]]<br />
*[http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/birge-raymond-t-1.pdf National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir]<br />
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== Sumber dan atribusi ==<br />
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Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond+Thayer+Birge&oldid=27568154 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27568154 (2025-07-19T00:55:55Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div>
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