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	<title>Senyawa fitokimia - Riwayat revisi</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-16T07:23:34Z</updated>
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		<title>Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</title>
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		<updated>2026-08-29T18:14:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 29 Agustus 2026 18.14&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Senyawa fitokimia&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah [[senyawa kimia]] yang terdapat secara alami dalam tanaman (fito berarti &quot;tanaman&quot; dalam [[bahasa Latin]]). Beberapa bahan memengaruhi warna atau sifat [[organoleptik]] lainnya, seperti ungu tua pada blueberries dan bau pada bawang putih. Senyawa fitokimia dapat memiliki signifikansi biologis, contohnya [[karotenoid]] atau [[flavonoid]], tetapi tidak tersedia sebagai unsur hara. Terdapat kurang lebih 4.000 senyawa fitokimia di alam.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:Flowers_2013-08-10_19-21.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Flowers 2013-08-10 19-21]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Senyawa fitokimia&#039;&#039;&#039; adalah [[senyawa kimia]] yang terdapat secara alami dalam tanaman (fito berarti &quot;tanaman&quot; dalam [[bahasa Latin]]). Beberapa bahan memengaruhi warna atau sifat [[organoleptik]] lainnya, seperti ungu tua pada blueberries dan bau pada bawang putih. Senyawa fitokimia dapat memiliki signifikansi biologis, contohnya [[karotenoid]] atau [[flavonoid]], tetapi tidak tersedia sebagai unsur hara.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/ucm073332.htm US FDA, Guidance for Industry: Evidence-Based Review System for the Scientific Evaluation of Health Claims]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.fruitsandveggiesmorematters.org/what-are-phytochemicals Fruits and Veggies, More Matters. What are phytochemicals?]. Produce for Better Health Foundation. 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals.html Micronutrient Information Center: Phytochemicals]. Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Terdapat kurang lebih 4.000 senyawa fitokimia di alam.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.fruitsandveggiesmorematters.org/what-are-phytochemicals Fruits and Veggies, More Matters. What are phytochemicals?]. Produce for Better Health Foundation. 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Senyawa fitokimia sebagai kandidat nutrien ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Senyawa fitokimia sebagai kandidat nutrien ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tanpa pengetahuan khusus aksi atau mekanisme selulernya, senyawa fitokimia telah diperhitungkan sebagai obat alternatif selama berabad-abad. Sebagai contoh, [[Hippokrates|Hippocrates]] telah meresepkan daun [[dedalu]] untuk demam abate. [[Salicin]], yang mempunyai sifat [[anti inflamasi]] dan pereda nyeri, pertama kali diekstraksi dari kulit kayu dedalu putih dan kemudian disintesis massal menjadi [[aspirin]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Tanpa pengetahuan khusus aksi atau mekanisme selulernya, senyawa fitokimia telah diperhitungkan sebagai obat alternatif selama berabad-abad. Sebagai contoh, [[Hippokrates|Hippocrates]] telah meresepkan daun [[dedalu]] untuk demam abate. [[Salicin]], yang mempunyai sifat [[anti inflamasi]] dan pereda nyeri, pertama kali diekstraksi dari kulit kayu dedalu putih dan kemudian disintesis massal menjadi [[aspirin]].&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sneader, W. (2000). &quot;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1119266 The discovery of aspirin: A reappraisal]&quot;. &#039;&#039;BMJ (Clinical research ed.)&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;321&#039;&#039;&#039; (7276): 1591–1594. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7276.1591. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1119266 1119266].PMID [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11124191 11124191].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Landau E. [http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/12/22/aspirin.history/ From a tree, a &#039;miracle&#039; called aspirin]. CNN. 22 Dec 2010.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Senyawa fitokimia spesifik, seperti [[serat pangan]] yang dapat [[Fermentasi|difermentasi]], memiliki klaim kesehatan terbatas yang diizinkan oleh [[Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat]] (FDA).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Senyawa fitokimia spesifik, seperti [[serat pangan]] yang dapat [[Fermentasi|difermentasi]], memiliki klaim kesehatan terbatas yang diizinkan oleh [[Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat]] (FDA).&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/ucm073332.htm US FDA, Guidance for Industry: Evidence-Based Review System for the Scientific Evaluation of Health Claims]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beberapa senyawa fitokimia dengan sifat [[fisiologis]] lebih berupa unsur dan bukan molekul organik kompleks. Sebagai contoh, [[selenium]], yang melimpah dalam buah dan sayuran, adalah [[mineral diet]] yang terlibat dalam sebagian besar jalur metabolisme, termasuk metabolisme [[hormon tiroid]] dan fungsi [[imunitas]]. Terutama, untuk [[nutrien esensial]] dan [[Kofaktor (biokimia)|kofaktor]] untuk sintesis enzimatis [[glutathion]], suatu [[antioksidan]] [[endogeny]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Beberapa senyawa fitokimia dengan sifat [[fisiologis]] lebih berupa unsur dan bukan molekul organik kompleks. Sebagai contoh, [[selenium]], yang melimpah dalam buah dan sayuran, adalah [[mineral diet]] yang terlibat dalam sebagian besar jalur metabolisme, termasuk metabolisme [[hormon tiroid]] dan fungsi [[imunitas]].&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;KM Brown. &#039;&#039;Selenium, selenoproteins and human health: a review&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Public health nutrition&#039;&#039;. 2001. Vol. 4 (2B). hlm. 593–9. doi:10.1079/PHN2001143.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Terutama, untuk [[nutrien esensial]] dan [[Kofaktor (biokimia)|kofaktor]] untuk sintesis enzimatis [[glutathion]], suatu [[antioksidan]] [[endogeny]].&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;LV Papp. &#039;&#039;From selenium to selenoproteins: synthesis, identity, and their role in human health&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Antioxidants &amp;amp; redox signaling&#039;&#039;. 2007. Vol. 9 (7). hlm. 775–806. doi:10.1089/ars.2007.1528.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Uji klinis dan status klaim kesehatan ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Uji klinis dan status klaim kesehatan ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Suplemen berbasis senyawa fitokimia dapat dibeli di pasaran. Menurut [[American Cancer Society]], &quot;Bukti ilmiah yang tersedia tidak mendukung klaim bahwa mengkonsumsi suplemen fitokimia sama baiknya, dari sisi kesehatan jangka panjang, dengan mengkonsumsi langsung buah, sayuran, kacang-kacangan, dan biji-bijian.&quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Suplemen berbasis senyawa fitokimia dapat dibeli di pasaran.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/phytochemicals Phytochemical]. American Cancer Society. 17 January 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Menurut [[American Cancer Society]], &quot;Bukti ilmiah yang tersedia tidak mendukung klaim bahwa mengkonsumsi suplemen fitokimia sama baiknya, dari sisi kesehatan jangka panjang, dengan mengkonsumsi langsung buah, sayuran, kacang-kacangan, dan biji-bijian.&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/phytochemicals Phytochemical]. American Cancer Society. 17 January 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pengolahan makanan dan senyawa fitokimia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pengolahan makanan dan senyawa fitokimia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Senyawa fitokimia dalam tanaman pangan yang baru dipanen dapat mengalami degradasi selama proses pengolahan, termasuk memasak. Penyebab utama kehilangan senyawa fitokimia selama pemasakan adalah [[dekomposisi termal]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Senyawa fitokimia dalam tanaman pangan yang baru dipanen dapat mengalami degradasi selama proses pengolahan, termasuk memasak.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;R Bongoni. &#039;&#039;Studying consumer behaviour related to the quality of food: A case on vegetable preparation affecting sensory and health attributes&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Trends in Food Science &amp;amp; Technology&#039;&#039;. 2013. Vol. 33 (2). hlm. 139–145. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2013.08.004.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;R Bongoni. &#039;&#039;Evaluation of Different Cooking Conditions on Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) to Improve the Nutritional Value and Consumer Acceptance&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Plant foods for human nutrition&#039;&#039;. doi:10.1007/s11130-014-0420-2.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Palermo. &#039;&#039;The effect of cooking on the phytochemical content of vegetables&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture&#039;&#039;. 2014. Vol. 94 (6). hlm. 1057–70. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6478.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;RH Liu. [http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/12/3479S.long Potential synergy of phytochemicals in cancer prevention: mechanism of action]. &#039;&#039;Journal of Nutrition&#039;&#039;. 2004. Vol. 134 (12 Suppl). hlm. 3479S–3485S.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;AV Rao. &#039;&#039;Carotenoids and human health&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Pharmacological research&#039;&#039;. 2007. Vol. 55 (3). hlm. 207–16. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.012.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Penyebab utama kehilangan senyawa fitokimia selama pemasakan adalah [[dekomposisi termal]].&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Palermo. &#039;&#039;The effect of cooking on the phytochemical content of vegetables&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture&#039;&#039;. 2014. Vol. 94 (6). hlm. 1057–70. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6478.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Suatu diskusi muncul dalam kasus [[karotenoid]], seperti [[likopena]] dalam [[tomat]], yang mungkin tetap stabil atau bertambah kadarnya selama pemasakan akibat pembebasan dari membran seluler dalam makanan matang. Teknik [[pengolahan makanan]] seperti pengolahan mekanis dapat pula membebaskan karotenoid dan senyawa fitokimia lainnya dari matriks makanan, meningkatkan kadar asupan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Suatu diskusi muncul dalam kasus [[karotenoid]], seperti [[likopena]] dalam [[tomat]], yang mungkin tetap stabil atau bertambah kadarnya selama pemasakan akibat pembebasan dari membran seluler dalam makanan matang.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;A Agarwal. &#039;&#039;Lycopene Content of Tomato Products: Its Stability, Bioavailability and in Vivo Antioxidant Properties&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Journal of medicinal food&#039;&#039;. 2001. Vol. 4 (1). hlm. 9–15. doi:10.1089/10966200152053668.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;V Dewanto. &#039;&#039;Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry&#039;&#039;. 2002. Vol. 50 (10). hlm. 3010–4. doi:10.1021/jf0115589.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Teknik [[pengolahan makanan]] seperti pengolahan mekanis dapat pula membebaskan karotenoid dan senyawa fitokimia lainnya dari matriks makanan, meningkatkan kadar asupan.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Palermo. &#039;&#039;The effect of cooking on the phytochemical content of vegetables&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture&#039;&#039;. 2014. Vol. 94 (6). hlm. 1057–70. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6478.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hotz. [https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-nutrition_2007-04_137_4/page/1097 Traditional food-processing and preparation practices to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients in plant-based diets]. &#039;&#039;The Journal of nutrition&#039;&#039;. 2007. Vol. 137 (4). hlm. 1097–100.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Lihat juga ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Lihat juga ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Allelopathy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Allelopathy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Daftar antioksidan dalam makanan]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Daftar antioksidan dalam makanan]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l24&quot;&gt;Baris 24:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 25:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Fitokimia]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Fitokimia]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Metabolit sekunder]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Metabolit sekunder]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Bacaan lain ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Bacaan lain ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l40&quot;&gt;Baris 40:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 37:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*  [http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals.html Phytochemicals at LPI] – Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*  [http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals.html Phytochemicals at LPI] – Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sumber &lt;/del&gt;dan &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;atribusi ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Senyawa+fitokimia&amp;amp;oldid&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;29582404 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29582404 (2026-08-15T11:00:39Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons &lt;/ins&gt;dan &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senyawa+fitokimia&amp;amp;oldid=29582404 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29582404 (2026&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;08&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;15T11:00:39Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;BerbagiSerupa (CC BY&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!&lt;/ins&gt;-- &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 &lt;/ins&gt;--&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Senyawa_fitokimia&amp;diff=27219&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29582404; atribusi sumber disertakan.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Senyawa_fitokimia&amp;diff=27219&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-29T17:49:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 29582404; atribusi sumber disertakan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Halaman baru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Senyawa fitokimia&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; adalah [[senyawa kimia]] yang terdapat secara alami dalam tanaman (fito berarti &amp;quot;tanaman&amp;quot; dalam [[bahasa Latin]]). Beberapa bahan memengaruhi warna atau sifat [[organoleptik]] lainnya, seperti ungu tua pada blueberries dan bau pada bawang putih. Senyawa fitokimia dapat memiliki signifikansi biologis, contohnya [[karotenoid]] atau [[flavonoid]], tetapi tidak tersedia sebagai unsur hara. Terdapat kurang lebih 4.000 senyawa fitokimia di alam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Senyawa fitokimia sebagai kandidat nutrien ==&lt;br /&gt;
Tanpa pengetahuan khusus aksi atau mekanisme selulernya, senyawa fitokimia telah diperhitungkan sebagai obat alternatif selama berabad-abad. Sebagai contoh, [[Hippokrates|Hippocrates]] telah meresepkan daun [[dedalu]] untuk demam abate. [[Salicin]], yang mempunyai sifat [[anti inflamasi]] dan pereda nyeri, pertama kali diekstraksi dari kulit kayu dedalu putih dan kemudian disintesis massal menjadi [[aspirin]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Senyawa fitokimia spesifik, seperti [[serat pangan]] yang dapat [[Fermentasi|difermentasi]], memiliki klaim kesehatan terbatas yang diizinkan oleh [[Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat]] (FDA).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Beberapa senyawa fitokimia dengan sifat [[fisiologis]] lebih berupa unsur dan bukan molekul organik kompleks. Sebagai contoh, [[selenium]], yang melimpah dalam buah dan sayuran, adalah [[mineral diet]] yang terlibat dalam sebagian besar jalur metabolisme, termasuk metabolisme [[hormon tiroid]] dan fungsi [[imunitas]]. Terutama, untuk [[nutrien esensial]] dan [[Kofaktor (biokimia)|kofaktor]] untuk sintesis enzimatis [[glutathion]], suatu [[antioksidan]] [[endogeny]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Uji klinis dan status klaim kesehatan ===&lt;br /&gt;
Suplemen berbasis senyawa fitokimia dapat dibeli di pasaran. Menurut [[American Cancer Society]], &amp;quot;Bukti ilmiah yang tersedia tidak mendukung klaim bahwa mengkonsumsi suplemen fitokimia sama baiknya, dari sisi kesehatan jangka panjang, dengan mengkonsumsi langsung buah, sayuran, kacang-kacangan, dan biji-bijian.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pengolahan makanan dan senyawa fitokimia ==&lt;br /&gt;
Senyawa fitokimia dalam tanaman pangan yang baru dipanen dapat mengalami degradasi selama proses pengolahan, termasuk memasak. Penyebab utama kehilangan senyawa fitokimia selama pemasakan adalah [[dekomposisi termal]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suatu diskusi muncul dalam kasus [[karotenoid]], seperti [[likopena]] dalam [[tomat]], yang mungkin tetap stabil atau bertambah kadarnya selama pemasakan akibat pembebasan dari membran seluler dalam makanan matang. Teknik [[pengolahan makanan]] seperti pengolahan mekanis dapat pula membebaskan karotenoid dan senyawa fitokimia lainnya dari matriks makanan, meningkatkan kadar asupan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Lihat juga ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Allelopathy]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Daftar antioksidan dalam makanan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Daftar senyawa fitokimia dalam makanan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nutrisi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fitokimia]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Metabolit sekunder]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Referensi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Bacaan lain ==&lt;br /&gt;
*  Higdon, J. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;An Evidence – Based Approach to Dietary Phytochemicals&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 2007. Thieme. [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781588904089|ISBN 978-1-58890-408-9]].&lt;br /&gt;
*  Rosa, L.A. de la / Alvarez-Parrilla, E. / González-Aguilar, G.A. (eds.) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry, Nutritional Value and Stability&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. 2010. Wiley-Blackwell. [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813803203|ISBN 978-0-8138-0320-3]].&lt;br /&gt;
*  Bongoni R, Steenbekkers LPA, Verkerk R, van Boekel MAJS, Dekker M. Studying consumer behaviour related to the quality of food: A case on vegetable preparation affecting sensory and health attributes. Trends in Food Science &amp;amp; Technology. 2013;33(2):139-45.&lt;br /&gt;
*  Rao AV, Rao LG. Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacological Research. 2007;55(3):207-16.&lt;br /&gt;
*  Liu RH. Potential Synergy of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention: Mechanism of Action. J Nutr. 2004;134(12):3479S-85.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pranala luar ==&lt;br /&gt;
*  [http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=8875 Phytochemical Database]  – United States Department of Agriculture&lt;br /&gt;
*  [http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals.html Phytochemicals at LPI] – Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senyawa+fitokimia&amp;amp;oldid=29582404 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29582404 (2026-08-15T11:00:39Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>