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	<title>Statistika khi-kuadrat tereduksi - Riwayat revisi</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-16T18:17:12Z</updated>
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		<title>Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</title>
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		<updated>2026-08-25T04:03:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisi sebelumnya&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisi per 25 Agustus 2026 04.03&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pada statistika, &#039;&#039;&#039;statistika khi-kuadrat tereduksi&#039;&#039;&#039; ( banyak digunakan pada uji .  Pengujian ini juga dikenal dengan nama &#039;&#039;&#039;deviasi rerata kuadrat berbobot&#039;&#039;&#039; (; &#039;&#039;&#039;MSWD&#039;&#039;&#039;) pada [[penanggalan radiometrik]] dan &#039;&#039;&#039;varians unit bobot&#039;&#039;&#039;  () pada konteks .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pada statistika, &#039;&#039;&#039;statistika khi-kuadrat tereduksi&#039;&#039;&#039; ( banyak digunakan pada uji .  Pengujian ini juga dikenal dengan nama &#039;&#039;&#039;deviasi rerata kuadrat berbobot&#039;&#039;&#039; (; &#039;&#039;&#039;MSWD&#039;&#039;&#039;) pada [[penanggalan radiometrik]]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;I. Wendt. &#039;&#039;The statistical distribution of the mean squared weighted deviation&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;Chemical Geology&#039;&#039;. 1991. hlm. 275–285.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;dan &#039;&#039;&#039;varians unit bobot&#039;&#039;&#039;  () pada konteks .&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gilbert Strang. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MjNwWUY8jx4C&amp;amp;pg=PA301 Linear algebra, geodesy, and GPS]. Wellesley-Cambridge Press. 1997. hlm. 301. ISBN 9780961408862.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Karl-Rudolf Koch. [https://books.google.com/books?id=n3bvCAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA162 Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2013. ISBN 9783662039762.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Akar kuadrat]]nya disebut &#039;&#039;&#039;regresi galat baku&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;galat baku dari regresi&#039;&#039;&#039;,&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; atau &#039;&#039;&#039;galat baku dari persamaan&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Akar kuadrat]]nya disebut &#039;&#039;&#039;regresi galat baku&#039;&#039;&#039;,&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Julian Faraway. [https://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Faraway-PRA.pdf Practical Regression and Anova using R]. 2000.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;galat baku dari regresi&#039;&#039;&#039;,&#039;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;J. Kenney. &#039;&#039;Mathematics of Statistics&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;. van Nostrand. 1963. hlm. 187.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;D. Zwillinger. &#039;&#039;Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae&#039;&#039;. Chapman&amp;amp;Hall/CRC. 1995. hlm. 626. ISBN 0-8493-2479-3.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; atau &#039;&#039;&#039;galat baku dari persamaan&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fumio Hayashi. [https://archive.org/details/econometrics0000haya Econometrics]. Princeton University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-691-01018-8.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Definisi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Definisi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Khi-kuadrat tereduksi didefinisikan sebagai [[Distribusi khi-kuadrat|khi-kuadrat]] per [[Derajat kebebasan (statistika)|derajat kebebasan]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Khi-kuadrat tereduksi didefinisikan sebagai [[Distribusi khi-kuadrat|khi-kuadrat]] per [[Derajat kebebasan (statistika)|derajat kebebasan]].&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Charlie Laub. [http://neutrons2.ornl.gov/workshops/sns_hfir_users/posters/Laub_Chi-Square_Data_Fitting.pdf How Bad is Good? A Critical Look at the Fitting of Reflectivity Models using the Reduced Chi-Square Statistic]. University California, Davis. n.d.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;John Robert Taylor. &#039;&#039;An introduction to error analysis&#039;&#039;. University Science Books. 1997. hlm. 268.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\chi^2_\nu = \frac{\chi^2} \nu,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\chi^2_\nu = \frac{\chi^2} \nu,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;dengan khi-kuadrat adalah penjumlahan berbobot dari kuadrat [[Simpangan (statistika)|simpangan]].&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\chi^2 = \sum_{i} {\frac{(O_i - C_i)^2}{\sigma_i^2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;dengan variabel berikut: [[varians]] , observasi , dan data yang terhitung . Derajat kebebasan, , senilai dengan jumlah observasi  dikurangi dengan jumlah parameter yang dimasukkan .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;dengan khi-kuadrat adalah penjumlahan berbobot dari kuadrat [[Simpangan (statistika)|simpangan]].&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\chi^2 = \sum_{i} {\frac{(O_i - C_i)^2}{\sigma_i^2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;dengan variabel berikut: [[varians]] , observasi , dan data yang terhitung .&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Charlie Laub. [http://neutrons2.ornl.gov/workshops/sns_hfir_users/posters/Laub_Chi-Square_Data_Fitting.pdf How Bad is Good? A Critical Look at the Fitting of Reflectivity Models using the Reduced Chi-Square Statistic]. University California, Davis. n.d.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Derajat kebebasan, , senilai dengan jumlah observasi  dikurangi dengan jumlah parameter yang dimasukkan .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pada kuadrat terkecil berbobot, definisi ini sering kali dituliskan dengan notasi [[matriks (matematika)|matriks]] sebagai:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pada kuadrat terkecil berbobot, definisi ini sering kali dituliskan dengan notasi [[matriks (matematika)|matriks]] sebagai:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l27&quot;&gt;Baris 27:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Baris 27:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Diskusi==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Diskusi==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sebagai aturan umum, ketika varians dari galat pengukuran diketahui [[apriori]],  mengindikasikan kecocokan model yang buruk, sementara  mengindikaskan bahwa kecocokan belum memasukkan seluruh data (atau perhitungan galat varians kurang). Pada prinsipnya, nilai dari  sekitar  mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kecocokan antara observasi dan estimasi sesuai dengan galat varians. Nilai  mengindikasikan bahwa model &quot;lewah suai&quot; atau &quot;[[overfitting]]&quot; terhadap data; antara model melakukan kecocokan pada derau atau galat varians terhitung lebih.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sebagai aturan umum, ketika varians dari galat pengukuran diketahui [[apriori]],  mengindikasikan kecocokan model yang buruk, sementara  mengindikaskan bahwa kecocokan belum memasukkan seluruh data (atau perhitungan galat varians kurang). Pada prinsipnya, nilai dari  sekitar  mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kecocokan antara observasi dan estimasi sesuai dengan galat varians. Nilai  mengindikasikan bahwa model &quot;lewah suai&quot; atau &quot;[[overfitting]]&quot; terhadap data; antara model melakukan kecocokan pada derau atau galat varians terhitung lebih.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Philip R. Bevington. &#039;&#039;Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences&#039;&#039;. McGraw-Hill. 1969.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Saat varians dari galat pengukuran diketahui sebagian,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Saat varians dari galat pengukuran diketahui sebagian,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Referensi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Statistika+khi-kuadrat+tereduksi&amp;amp;oldid=27258125 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27258125 (2025-05-11T12:25:51Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Statistika+khi-kuadrat+tereduksi&amp;amp;oldid=27258125 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27258125 (2025-05-11T12:25:51Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 --&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Statistika_khi-kuadrat_tereduksi&amp;diff=8668&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 27258125; atribusi sumber disertakan.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Statistika_khi-kuadrat_tereduksi&amp;diff=8668&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-08-25T03:30:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 27258125; atribusi sumber disertakan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Halaman baru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pada statistika, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;statistika khi-kuadrat tereduksi&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ( banyak digunakan pada uji .  Pengujian ini juga dikenal dengan nama &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;deviasi rerata kuadrat berbobot&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;MSWD&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) pada [[penanggalan radiometrik]] dan &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;varians unit bobot&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  () pada konteks .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Akar kuadrat]]nya disebut &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;regresi galat baku&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;galat baku dari regresi&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; atau &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;galat baku dari persamaan&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Definisi ==&lt;br /&gt;
Khi-kuadrat tereduksi didefinisikan sebagai [[Distribusi khi-kuadrat|khi-kuadrat]] per [[Derajat kebebasan (statistika)|derajat kebebasan]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\chi^2_\nu = \frac{\chi^2} \nu,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
dengan khi-kuadrat adalah penjumlahan berbobot dari kuadrat [[Simpangan (statistika)|simpangan]].&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\chi^2 = \sum_{i} {\frac{(O_i - C_i)^2}{\sigma_i^2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;dengan variabel berikut: [[varians]] , observasi , dan data yang terhitung . Derajat kebebasan, , senilai dengan jumlah observasi  dikurangi dengan jumlah parameter yang dimasukkan .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pada kuadrat terkecil berbobot, definisi ini sering kali dituliskan dengan notasi [[matriks (matematika)|matriks]] sebagai:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\chi^2_\nu = \frac{r^\mathrm{T} W r}{\nu},&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
dengan  adalah vektor residual dan  adalah matriks bobot, yaitu invers dari masukan (diagonal) matriks covarians dari observasi. Jika  non-diagonal, maka  diberlakukan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pada , definisi ini disederhanakan menjadi:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\chi^2_\nu = \frac{\mathrm{RSS}}{\nu},&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\mathrm{RSS} = \sum r^2,&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
dengan [[:id:wikt:pembilang|pembilang]]nya adalah  (RSS)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ketika pencocokannya adalah rerata biasa, maka  bernilai sama dengan [[varians|varians sampel]], yaitu kuadrat sampel [[simpangan baku]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Diskusi==&lt;br /&gt;
Sebagai aturan umum, ketika varians dari galat pengukuran diketahui [[apriori]],  mengindikasikan kecocokan model yang buruk, sementara  mengindikaskan bahwa kecocokan belum memasukkan seluruh data (atau perhitungan galat varians kurang). Pada prinsipnya, nilai dari  sekitar  mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kecocokan antara observasi dan estimasi sesuai dengan galat varians. Nilai  mengindikasikan bahwa model &amp;quot;lewah suai&amp;quot; atau &amp;quot;[[overfitting]]&amp;quot; terhadap data; antara model melakukan kecocokan pada derau atau galat varians terhitung lebih.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saat varians dari galat pengukuran diketahui sebagian,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Referensi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sumber dan atribusi ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Statistika+khi-kuadrat+tereduksi&amp;amp;oldid=27258125 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27258125 (2025-05-11T12:25:51Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Maintenance script</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>