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Zona kematian (ekologi) - Riwayat revisi
2026-09-16T04:53:25Z
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Maintenance script: Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi
2026-08-28T23:06:04Z
<p>Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Revisi sebelumnya</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revisi per 28 Agustus 2026 23.06</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''Zona kematian''' adalah daerah </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hipoksia (lingkungan)</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hipoksik]] (rendah-[[oksigen]]) di [[samudra]] </del>dan <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[danau]] besar </del>di seluruh dunia<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Hipoksia dapat terjadi saat konsentrasi oksigen terlarut </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''dissolved oxygen'', DO</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">menurun sampai ke atau dibawah 2 mg O<sub>2</sub>/liter</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Saat sebuah daerah perairan mengalami kondisi hipoksik, flora dan fauna air mulai mengalami perubahan perilaku untuk mencapai daerah perairan </del>dengan <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tingkat oksigen yang lebih tinggi. Saat DO anjlok dibawah angka 0.5 ml O<sub>2</sub>/liter pada suatu daerah perairan, kematian masal terjadi. Dengan rendahnya konsentrasi DO, daerah perairan </del>yang <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">terdampak </del>tidak <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bisa mendukung kehidupan air yang tinggal disana</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Secara historis, banyak situs-situs semacam ini yang terjadi secara alami. Namun, pada 1970-an, para ahli [[oseanografi]] mulai menyadari peningkatan munculnya zona kematian </del>dan <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">melebarnya </del>zona kematian <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">yang ada</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Peristiwa ini terjadi di dekat [[pesisir</del>]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">berpenghuni, titik dimana [[kehidupan air]] paling banyak berkumpul.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">File:Aquatic_Dead_Zones.jpg|thumb|right|280px</ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lingkaran merah menunjukkan lokasi </ins>dan <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ukuran banyak zona kematian </ins>di seluruh dunia (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pada 2008</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Titik hitam mununjukkan zona kematian </ins>dengan <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ukuran </ins>yang tidak <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">diketahui</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ukuran </ins>dan <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jumlah </ins>zona kematian <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">laut telah meningkat pada 50 tahun terakhir</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' '''</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Referensi ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''Zona kematian''' adalah daerah [[Hipoksia (lingkungan)|hipoksik]] (rendah-[[oksigen]]) di [[samudra]] dan [[danau]] besar di seluruh dunia. Hipoksia dapat terjadi saat konsentrasi oksigen terlarut (''dissolved oxygen'', DO) menurun sampai ke atau dibawah 2 mg O<sub>2</sub>/liter.<ref>R. J. Diaz. ''Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems''. ''Science''. August 15, 2008. Vol. 321 (5891). hlm. 926–929. doi:10.1126/science.1156401.</ref> Saat sebuah daerah perairan mengalami kondisi hipoksik, flora dan fauna air mulai mengalami perubahan perilaku untuk mencapai daerah perairan dengan tingkat oksigen yang lebih tinggi. Saat DO anjlok dibawah angka 0.5 ml O<sub>2</sub>/liter pada suatu daerah perairan, kematian masal terjadi. Dengan rendahnya konsentrasi DO, daerah perairan yang terdampak tidak bisa mendukung kehidupan air yang tinggal disana.<ref>[http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2012/20120621_deadzone.html NOAA: Gulf of Mexico 'dead zone' predictions feature uncertainty]. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). June 21, 2012.</ref> Secara historis, banyak situs-situs semacam ini yang terjadi secara alami. Namun, pada 1970-an, para ahli [[oseanografi]] mulai menyadari peningkatan munculnya zona kematian dan melebarnya zona kematian yang ada. Peristiwa ini terjadi di dekat [[pesisir]] berpenghuni, titik dimana [[kehidupan air]] paling banyak berkumpul.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Bacaan lanjut ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Bacaan lanjut ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.wri.org/publication/awakening-the-dead-zone Suzie Greenhalgh and Amanda Sauer (WRI), "Awakening the 'Dead Zone': An investment for agriculture, water quality, and climate change"] 2003</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.wri.org/publication/awakening-the-dead-zone Suzie Greenhalgh and Amanda Sauer (WRI), "Awakening the 'Dead Zone': An investment for agriculture, water quality, and climate change"] 2003</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Reyes Tirado (July 2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20180514230304/http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/en/documents-and-links/publications/dead-zones/ Dead Zones: How Agricultural Fertilizers are Killing our Rivers, Lakes and Oceans]. Greenpeace publications. See also:</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Reyes Tirado (July 2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20180514230304/http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/en/documents-and-links/publications/dead-zones/ Dead Zones: How Agricultural Fertilizers are Killing our Rivers, Lakes and Oceans]. Greenpeace publications. See also: </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna4624359 MSNBC report on dead zones], March 29, 2004</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna4624359 MSNBC report on dead zones], March 29, 2004</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Joel Achenbach, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/07/31/ST2008073100349.html?hpid=topnews "A 'Dead Zone' in The Gulf of Mexico: Scientists Say Area That Cannot Support Some Marine Life Is Near Record Size"], ''[[:en:The_Washington_Post|The Washington Post]]'', July 31, 2008</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Joel Achenbach, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/07/31/ST2008073100349.html?hpid=topnews "A 'Dead Zone' in The Gulf of Mexico: Scientists Say Area That Cannot Support Some Marine Life Is Near Record Size"], ''[[:en:The_Washington_Post|The Washington Post]]'', July 31, 2008</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Referensi ==</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Sumber dan atribusi ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sumber </del>dan <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">atribusi ==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Zona+kematian+%28ekologi%29&oldid</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">28099539 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28099539 (2025-10-18T04:40:17Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons </ins>dan <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zona+kematian+%28ekologi%29&oldid=28099539 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28099539 (2025</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">18T04:40:17Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BerbagiSerupa (CC BY</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><!</ins>-- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 </ins>--<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">></ins></div></td></tr>
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Maintenance script
https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Zona_kematian_(ekologi)&diff=23932&oldid=prev
Maintenance script: Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28099539; atribusi sumber disertakan.
2026-08-28T22:37:12Z
<p>Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28099539; atribusi sumber disertakan.</p>
<p><b>Halaman baru</b></p><div>'''Zona kematian''' adalah daerah [[Hipoksia (lingkungan)|hipoksik]] (rendah-[[oksigen]]) di [[samudra]] dan [[danau]] besar di seluruh dunia. Hipoksia dapat terjadi saat konsentrasi oksigen terlarut (''dissolved oxygen'', DO) menurun sampai ke atau dibawah 2 mg O<sub>2</sub>/liter. Saat sebuah daerah perairan mengalami kondisi hipoksik, flora dan fauna air mulai mengalami perubahan perilaku untuk mencapai daerah perairan dengan tingkat oksigen yang lebih tinggi. Saat DO anjlok dibawah angka 0.5 ml O<sub>2</sub>/liter pada suatu daerah perairan, kematian masal terjadi. Dengan rendahnya konsentrasi DO, daerah perairan yang terdampak tidak bisa mendukung kehidupan air yang tinggal disana. Secara historis, banyak situs-situs semacam ini yang terjadi secara alami. Namun, pada 1970-an, para ahli [[oseanografi]] mulai menyadari peningkatan munculnya zona kematian dan melebarnya zona kematian yang ada. Peristiwa ini terjadi di dekat [[pesisir]] berpenghuni, titik dimana [[kehidupan air]] paling banyak berkumpul.<br />
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== Referensi ==<br />
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== Bacaan lanjut ==<br />
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* [http://www.wri.org/publication/awakening-the-dead-zone Suzie Greenhalgh and Amanda Sauer (WRI), "Awakening the 'Dead Zone': An investment for agriculture, water quality, and climate change"] 2003<br />
* Reyes Tirado (July 2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20180514230304/http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/en/documents-and-links/publications/dead-zones/ Dead Zones: How Agricultural Fertilizers are Killing our Rivers, Lakes and Oceans]. Greenpeace publications. See also:<br />
* [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna4624359 MSNBC report on dead zones], March 29, 2004<br />
* Joel Achenbach, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/07/31/ST2008073100349.html?hpid=topnews "A 'Dead Zone' in The Gulf of Mexico: Scientists Say Area That Cannot Support Some Marine Life Is Near Record Size"], ''[[:en:The_Washington_Post|The Washington Post]]'', July 31, 2008<br />
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== Sumber dan atribusi ==<br />
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Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zona+kematian+%28ekologi%29&oldid=28099539 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28099539 (2025-10-18T04:40:17Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.</div>
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