Douglas Engelbart

Douglas Engelbart in 2008

Dr. Douglas C. Engelbart () adalah seorang pionir di bidang interaksi antarmuka komputer yang mengembangkan konsep hiperteks serta menemukan tetikus komputer.

Pendidikan

Engelbart menyelesaikan studi S1 di bidang teknik elektro di Oregon State University pada tahun 1948, program master dari UC Berkeley pada tahun 1953, dan Ph.D. dari UC Berkeley pada tahun 1955.

Karier

Selama PD II, Douglas bergabung dengan Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat sebagai teknisi elektronik. Selanjutnya Douglas bekerja di NASA pada divisi Ames Research Laboratory. Setelah meraih Ph.D., Douglas melanjutkan karier sebagai peneliti di Stanford Research Institute, di lembaga inilah Douglas menjadi pionir dalam pengembangan berbagai komponen komputer, termasuk tetikus.

Pada 1970 hingga 1980-an, Douglas menjadi peneliti senior di Tymshare Inc. Pada 1989, Douglas mendirikan The Bootstrap Institute, yang menjadi pusat pengembangan teknologi jaringan komputer yang berperan dalam kemajuan teknologi internet.

Kehidupan pribadi

Dari istri pertama bernama Ballard yang dinikahinya selama 47 tahun dan meninggal dunia tahun 1997, Engelbart mendapat empat anak: Gerda, Diana, Christina, dan Norman. Engelbart menikah lagi pada 26 Januari 2008 dengan penulis/produser bernama Karen O'Leary Engelbart. Peringatan ulang tahun ke-85 diadakan di The Tech Museum of Innovation. Engelbart didiagnosis menderita Alzheimer pada tahun 2007 Engelbart, 88 tahun, meninggal dunia di rumah kediamannya di Atherton, California pada 2 Juli 2013, akibat kegagalan ginjal. Ia meninggalkan istrinya, Karen, empat anak dari pernikahan pertama, dan sembilan cucu.

End of corporate career and subsequent developments

Engelbart slipped into relative obscurity after 1976 due to various misfortunes and misunderstandings. Several of Engelbart's best researchers became alienated from him and left his organization for Xerox PARC, in part due to frustration, and in part due to differing views of the future of computing, where Engelbart saw the future in timeshare (client/server) computing, which younger programmers rejected in favor of the personal computer. The conflict was both technical and social: Engelbart came from a time in which only timeshare computing was achievable, and also believed in joint effort; the younger programmers came from an era where centralized power was highly suspect, and personal computing was just barely on the horizon. The Mansfield Amendment, the end of the Vietnam War, and the end of Project Apollo reduced ARC's funding from ARPA and NASA. SRI's management, which disapproved of Engelbart's approach to running the center, placed the remains of ARC under the control of artificial intelligence researcher Bert Raphael, who fired Engelbart (from the lab that Engelbart had founded) in 1976. Engelbart's house in Atherton burned down shortly afterwards, causing him and his family even further problems.

In 1978, a company called Tymshare bought NLS, hired its creator as a Senior Scientist, and offered commercial services based upon NLS. Tymshare was already somewhat familiar with NLS; back when ARC was still operational, it had experimented with its own local copy of the NLS software on a minicomputer called OFFICE-1, as part of a joint project with ARC.

At Tymshare, Engelbart soon found himself marginalized and relegated to obscurity--operational concerns at Tymshare overrode Engelbart's desire to do further research. Various executives first at Tymshare and later at McDonnell Douglas (which took over Tymshare in 1982) expressed interest in his ideas, but never committed the funds or the people to further develop them. He left McDonnell in 1986 and retired from corporate life.

Since the late 1980s, prominent individuals and organizations have recognized the seminal importance of Engelbart's contributions:

In December 1995, at the Fourth WWW Conference in Boston, he was the first recipient of what would later become the Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award. In 1997 he was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Prize of $500,000, the world's largest single prize for invention and innovation, and the Turing Award. In 1998 the Stanford Silicon Valley Archives and the Institute for the Future hosted Engelbart's Unfinished Revolution, a large symposium at Stanford University's Memorial Auditorium, to honor Engelbart and his ideas. In early 2000 Engelbart produced, with a dedicated team of volunteers and financial supporters, what was called the Engelbart Colloquium or The Unfinished Revolution - II, at Stanford University. The Colloquium was meant to document and publicize his work and ideas to a large audience (live, and online). The archives of this Engelbart UnRev-II Colloquium at Stanford are still available online as of this writing (September 2005). In December 2000, US President Bill Clinton awarded Engelbart the National Medal of Technology, the United States' highest technology award. In 2001 Engelbart was awarded a British Computer Society's Lovelace Medal. 2005 saw Engelbart made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum and winner of the Norbert Wiener Award, awarded annually by Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility.

At present

Currently (at age 81 in 2006), he is the director of his own company, the Bootstrap Institute which he founded in 1988 with his daughter, Christina Engelbart. It is located in Fremont, California and promotes Engelbart's latest refinement of his philosophy, the concept of Collective IQ, and development of what he calls Open Hyper-Document Systems(OHS), and HyperScope, a subset of OHS. Bootstrap is housed rent-free courtesy of the Logitech Corp., the world's largest manufacturer of computer mice. -->

Lihat pula

• Perangkat lunak kolaboratif
• Sejarah antarmuka pengguna grafis
• Sistem pengeditan hiperteks
• Ivan Sutherland
• Jeff Rulifson
• Ted Nelson
• Andries van Dam

Pranala luar

• "Mouse inventor strives for more", BBC News
• Bootstrap Institute Bio and Curriculum Vitae
• Engelbart's Unfinished Revolution; Dec 1998 at Stanford University
• The Unfinished Revolution: Strategy and Means for Coping with Complex Problems ; Jan-March 2000 Colloquium at Stanford University
• The History of Doug Engelbart and Interactive Computing
• The Study of Engelbart: An Educational Networked Improvement Community California State University Student Wiki studying Engelbart
• As We May Work from IBM Symposium site
• Column oleh Robert X. Cringely
• Wired article: The Click Heard Round The World
• Transcript of 2003 visit to San Jose State University
• Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality
• Doug Engelbart: Father of the Mouse
• Doug Engelbart 1968 Demo Original 90-minute video from MouseSite
• A Fairly Extensive Set Of Links
• OpenAugment Consortium , dedicated to the preservation of the Augment system
• SRI mouse
• Nerd TV, Inventer of the mouse hour long video interview by Robert X. Cringely
• Channel9 @MSDN Interview with Douglas Engelbart.

Sumber dan atribusi

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