Perang kimia: Perbedaan antara revisi

Revisi terkini sejak 29 Agustus 2026 09.01

Perang kimia melibatkan penggunaan bahan-bahan beracun dari substansi-substansi kimia sebagai senjata kimia. Jenis perang ini berbeda dari perang nuklir dan perang biologi, yang secara bersama-sama disebut perang NBC, yaitu akronim militer untuk perang nuklir, biologi dan chemical/bahan kimia, semuanya dianggap "senjata pemusnah massal". Tidak ada satu pun dari senjata-senjata tersebut yang dikategorikan sebagai senjata konvensional yang biasanya efektif karena potensi destruktif mereka. Dengan peralatan, pelatihan dan tindakan dekontaminasi protektif, dampak-dampak utama senjata kimia dapat dikurangi. Beberapa negara mencekal bahan-bahan kimia yang dapat dijadikan senjata perang. Ancaman dan dugaan ancaman senjata kimia telah digunakan sebagai strategi untuk merencanakan tindakan dan tindakan balasan.

Pemakaian senjata kimia dilarang oleh adat hukum kemanusiaan internasional.^[1]

Lihat pula

Zyklon B

Catatan

Bacaan tambahan

Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher; The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War Office of the Chief of Military History, 1959; L. P. Brophy, W. D. Miles and C. C. Cochrane, The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory to Field (1959); and B. E. Kleber and D. Birdsell, The Chemical Warfare Service in Combat (1966). official US history;
Glenn Cross, Dirty War: Rhodesia and Chemical Biological Warfare, 1975–1980, Helion & Company, 2017
Gordon M. Burck and Charles C. Flowerree; International Handbook on Chemical Weapons Proliferation 1991
L. F. Haber. The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War Oxford University Press: 1986
James W. Hammond Jr; Poison Gas: The Myths Versus Reality Greenwood Press, 1999
Jiri Janata, Role of Analytical Chemistry in Defense Strategies Against Chemical and Biological Attack , Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 2009
Ishmael Jones, The Human Factor: Inside the CIA's Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture, Encounter Books, New York 2008, revised 2010, . WMD espionage.
Benoit Morel and Kyle Olson; Shadows and Substance: The Chemical Weapons Convention Westview Press, 1993
Adrienne Mayor, "Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World" Overlook-Duckworth, 2003, rev ed with new Introduction 2008
Geoff Plunkett, Chemical Warfare in Australia: Australia's Involvement In Chemical Warfare 1914 - Today, (2nd Edition), 2013.. Leech Cup Books. A volume in the Army Military History Series published in association with the Army History Unit.
Jonathan B. Tucker. Chemical Warfare from World War I to Al-Qaeda (2006)

Pranala luar

Official website of the Organisasi Pelarangan Senjata Kimia (OPCW)
Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited. — section on chemical weapons from Customary IHL Database, an "updated version of the Study on customary international humanitarian law conducted by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and originally published by Cambridge University Press."
Chemical Warfare information page , from the Disaster Information Management Research Center of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services including links to relevant sources in the U.S. National Library of Medicine

Referensi

↑ Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited., Customary IHL Database, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)/Cambridge University Press.

Sumber dan atribusi

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, revisi 29239141 (2026-05-17T07:48:29Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

[1] Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited., Customary IHL Database, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)/Cambridge University Press.

[1]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 '''Perang kimia''' melibatkan penggunaan bahan-bahan beracun dari substansi-[[substansi kimia]] sebagai [[senjata kimia]]. Jenis perang ini berbeda dari [[perang nuklir]] dan [[perang biologi]], yang secara bersama-sama disebut perang NBC, yaitu akronim militer untuk perang nuklir, biologi dan ''chemical''/bahan kimia, semuanya dianggap "[[senjata pemusnah massal]]". Tidak ada satu pun dari senjata-senjata tersebut yang dikategorikan sebagai [[senjata konvensional]] yang biasanya efektif karena potensi destruktif mereka. Dengan peralatan, pelatihan dan tindakan dekontaminasi protektif, dampak-dampak utama senjata kimia dapat dikurangi. Beberapa negara mencekal bahan-bahan kimia yang dapat dijadikan senjata perang. Ancaman dan dugaan ancaman senjata kimia telah digunakan sebagai strategi untuk merencanakan tindakan dan tindakan balasan.
-Pemakaian senjata kimia dilarang oleh [[adat hukum internasional|adat]] [[hukum kemanusiaan internasional]].
+Pemakaian senjata kimia dilarang oleh [[adat hukum internasional|adat]] [[hukum kemanusiaan internasional]].<ref>[https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule74 Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited.], ''Customary IHL Database'', International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)/Cambridge University Press.</ref>
 == Lihat pula ==
@@ Baris 7: / Baris 7: @@
 == Catatan ==
-== Referensi ==
-* CBWInfo.com (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041205051646/http://www.cbwinfo.com/History/History.html A Brief History of Chemical and Biological Weapons: Ancient Times to the 19th Century]. Retrieved November 24, 2004.
-* Chomsky, Noam (March 4, 2001). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050103232821/http://www.countercurrents.org/chomsky1.htm Prospects for Peace in the Middle East]'', page 2. Lecture.
-* Cordette, Jessica, MPH(c) (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050416035052/http://www.want2race.net/hper/Chemical_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction.ppt Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction]. Retrieved November 29, 2004.
-*
-* Smart, Jeffery K., M.A. (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015013158/http://usuhs.mil/cbw/history.htm History of Biological and Chemical Warfare]. Retrieved November 24, 2004.
-* United States Senate, [[103rd United States Congress|103d Congress]], 2d Session. (May 25, 1994). [http://www.gulfweb.org/bigdoc/report/riegle1.html The Riegle Report] . Retrieved November 6, 2004.
-* Gerard J Fitzgerald. American Journal of Public Health. Washington: Apr 2008. Vol. 98, Iss. 4; p.&nbsp;611
-*
 == Bacaan tambahan ==
 * Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher; ''The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War'' [[Office of the Chief of Military History]], 1959; L. P. Brophy, W. D. Miles and C. C. Cochrane, ''The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory to Field'' (1959); and B. E. Kleber and D. Birdsell, ''The Chemical Warfare Service in Combat'' (1966). official US history;
@@ Baris 34: / Baris 21: @@
 == Pranala luar ==
 * [http://www.opcw.org/ Official website] of the [[Organisasi Pelarangan Senjata Kimia]] (OPCW)
 * [https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule74 Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited.] — section on chemical weapons from ''Customary IHL Database'', an "updated version of the Study on customary [[international humanitarian law]] conducted by the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) and originally published by [[Cambridge University Press]]."
 * [http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/chemicalwarfare.html Chemical Warfare information page] , from the Disaster Information Management Research Center of the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]] including links to relevant sources in the [[U.S. National Library of Medicine]]
+== Referensi ==
+<references />
 == Sumber dan atribusi ==
 Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perang+kimia&oldid=29239141 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29239141 (2026-05-17T07:48:29Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.
+<!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 -->