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Kritik terhadap Facebook

Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
Revisi sejak 24 Agustus 2026 04.07 oleh Maintenance script (bicara | kontrib) (Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi)

Facebook (dan perusahaan induknya Meta Platforms) telah menjadi subjek kritik dan tindakan hukum sejak didirikan pada tahun 2004.[1] Kritiknya mencakup pengaruh besar Facebook terhadap kehidupan dan kesehatan pengguna dan karyawannya, serta pengaruh Facebook terhadap cara media, khususnya berita, dilaporkan dan didistribusikan. Masalah yang perlu diperhatikan termasuk privasi internet, seperti penggunaan tombol "suka" yang tersebar luas di situs web pihak ketiga yang melacak pengguna,[2][3] kemungkinan pencatatan informasi pengguna yang tidak terbatas,[4] perangkat lunak pengenalan wajah otomatis,[5][6] dan perannya di tempat kerja, termasuk pengungkapan akun pemberi kerja-karyawan.[7] Penggunaan Facebook dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif psikologis dan fisiologis [8] yaitu meliputi perasaan cemburu seksual,[9][10] stres,[11][12] kurangnya perhatian,[13] dan kecanduan media sosial yang dalam beberapa kasus dapat disamakan dengan kecanduan narkoba.[14][15]

Operasi Facebook juga mendapat liputan. Penggunaan listrik perusahaan,[16] penghindaran pajak,[17] kebijakan persyaratan pengguna nama asli,[18] kebijakan sensor,[19][20] penanganan data pengguna,[21] dan keterlibatannya dalam program pengawasan PRISM Amerika Serikat dan skandal data Facebook–Cambridge Analytica telah disorot oleh media dan kritikus.[22][23] Facebook telah berada di bawah pengawasan karena 'mengabaikan' atau mengelak dari tanggung jawabnya atas konten yang diunggah di platformnya, termasuk pelanggaran hak cipta dan kekayaan intelektual,[24] ujaran kebencian,[25][26] hasutan pemerkosaan,[27] kekerasan terhadap minoritas,[28][29][30] terorisme,[31][32] berita palsu,[33][34][35] Pembunuhan, kejahatan, dan insiden kekerasan di Facebook disiarkan langsung melalui fungsi Facebook Live- nya.[36][37][38]

Perusahaan dan karyawannya juga telah menjadi subjek kasus litigasi selama bertahun-tahun,[39][40][41][42] dengan kasus yang paling menonjol menyangkut tuduhan bahwa CEO Mark Zuckerberg melanggar kontrak lisan dengan Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, dan Divya Narendra untuk membangun jaringan sosial "HarvardConnection" yang saat itu bernama pada tahun 2004, alih-alih diduga memilih untuk mencuri ide dan kode untuk meluncurkan Facebook beberapa bulan sebelum HarvardConnection dimulai.[43][44][45] Gugatan awal akhirnya diselesaikan pada tahun 2009, dengan Facebook membayar sekitar $20 juta tunai dan 1,25 juta saham.[46][47] Gugatan baru pada tahun 2011 ditolak.[48] Hal ini, bersama dengan kontroversi lain yang melibatkan Zuckerberg dan sesama pendiri sekaligus mantan CFO Eduardo Saverin, dieksplorasi lebih lanjut dalam film drama biografi Amerika tahun 2010 The Social Network . Beberapa kritikus menunjuk pada masalah yang menurut mereka akan mengakibatkan kehancuran Facebook. Facebook telah dilarang oleh beberapa pemerintah karena berbagai alasan, termasuk Suriah,[49] Tiongkok,[50] Iran [51] dan Rusia.

Referensi

  1. ↑ Meta and Mark Zuckerberg must not be allowed to shape the next era of humanity. The Guardian. 2024-02-04.
  2. ↑ Geoff Duncan. Open letter urges Facebook to strengthen privacy. Digital Trends. June 17, 2010.
  3. ↑ Ian Paul. Advocacy Groups Ask Facebook for More Privacy Changes. PC World. International Data Group. June 17, 2010.
  4. ↑ Maria Aspen. How Sticky Is Membership on Facebook? Just Try Breaking Free. The New York Times. February 11, 2008.
  5. ↑ Sebastian Anthony. Facebook's facial recognition software is now as accurate as the human brain, but what now?. ExtremeTech. Ziff Davis. March 19, 2014.
  6. ↑ Liz Gannes. Facebook facial recognition prompts EU privacy probe. CNET. June 8, 2011.
  7. ↑ Matt Friedman. Bill to ban companies from asking about job candidates' Facebook accounts is headed to governor. The Star-Ledger. Advance Digital. March 21, 2013.
  8. ↑ Fabian J. Stangl. Negative psychological and physiological effects of social networking site use: The example of Facebook. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023. Vol. 14. hlm. 1141663. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141663.
  9. ↑ How Facebook Breeds Jealousy. Seeker. Group Nine Media. February 10, 2010.
  10. ↑ Chris Matyszczyk. Study: Facebook makes lovers jealous. CNET. August 11, 2009.
  11. ↑ Chenda Ngak. Facebook may cause stress, study says. CBS News. November 27, 2012.
  12. ↑ Dave Smith. Quitting Facebook will make you happier and less stressed, study says. Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. November 13, 2015.
  13. ↑ Michael J. Bugeja. Facing the Facebook. The Chronicle of Higher Education. January 23, 2006.
  14. ↑ Andrew Hough. Student 'addiction' to technology 'similar to drug cravings', study finds. The Daily Telegraph. April 8, 2011.
  15. ↑ Facebook and Twitter 'more addictive than tobacco and alcohol'. The Daily Telegraph. February 1, 2012.
  16. ↑ Robin Wauters. Greenpeace Slams Zuckerberg For Making Facebook A 'So Coal Network' (Video). TechCrunch. AOL. September 16, 2010.
  17. ↑ Rupert Neate. Facebook paid £2.9m tax on £840m profits made outside US, figures show. The Guardian. December 23, 2012.
  18. ↑ Emanuella Grinberg. Facebook 'real name' policy stirs questions around identity. CNN. September 18, 2014.
  19. ↑ Vidhi Doshi. Facebook under fire for 'censoring' Kashmir-related posts and accounts. The Guardian. July 19, 2016.
  20. ↑ Michael Arrington. Is Facebook Really Censoring Search When It Suits Them?. TechCrunch. AOL. November 22, 2007.
  21. ↑ Julia Carrie Wong. The Cambridge Analytica scandal changed the world – but it didn't change Facebook. The Guardian. March 18, 2019.
  22. ↑ Glenn Greenwald. NSA Prism program taps in to user data of Apple, Google and others. The Guardian. June 7, 2013.
  23. ↑ Carole Cadwalladr. How Cambridge Analytica turned Facebook 'likes' into a lucrative political tool. The Guardian. 2018-03-17.
  24. ↑ Ariha Setalvad. Why Facebook's video theft problem can't last. The Verge. August 7, 2015.
  25. ↑ Facebook, Twitter and Google grilled by MPs over hate speech. BBC News. BBC. March 14, 2017.
  26. ↑ Amar Toor. Facebook will work with Germany to combat anti-refugee hate speech. The Verge. September 15, 2015.
  27. ↑ Philip Sherwell. Cyber anarchists blamed for unleashing a series of Facebook 'rape pages'. The Daily Telegraph. October 16, 2011.
  28. ↑ Rohingya sue Facebook for $150bn over Myanmar hate speech. BBC News. 7 December 2021.
  29. ↑ Glenn Greenwald. Facebook Is Collaborating With the Israeli Government to Determine What Should Be Censored. The Intercept. 12 September 2016.
  30. ↑ Sheera Frenkel. Mob Violence Against Palestinians in Israel Is Fueled by Groups on WhatsApp. The New York Times. 19 May 2021.
  31. ↑ 20,000 Israelis sue Facebook for ignoring Palestinian incitement. The Times of Israel. October 27, 2015.
  32. ↑ Israel: Facebook's Zuckerberg has blood of slain Israeli teen on his hands. The Times of Israel. July 2, 2016.
  33. ↑ Samuel Burke. Zuckerberg: Facebook will develop tools to fight fake news. CNN. November 19, 2016.
  34. ↑ Hillary Clinton says Facebook 'must prevent fake news from creating a new reality'. The Daily Telegraph. June 1, 2017.
  35. ↑ Seth Fiegerman. Facebook's global fight against fake news. CNN. May 9, 2017.
  36. ↑ Emanuella Grinberg. Police: At least 40 people watched teen's sexual assault on Facebook Live. CNN. March 22, 2017.
  37. ↑ Emanuella Grinberg. Chicago torture: Facebook Live video leads to 4 arrests. CNN. January 5, 2017.
  38. ↑ Aatif Sulleyman. Facebook Live killings: Why the criticism has been harsh. The Independent. April 27, 2017.
  39. ↑ Cyrus Farivar. Appeals court upholds deal allowing kids' images in Facebook ads. Ars Technica. January 7, 2016.
  40. ↑ Dan Levine. Yahoo sues Facebook for infringing 10 patents. Reuters. March 12, 2012.
  41. ↑ Kurt Wagner. Facebook lost its Oculus lawsuit and has to pay $500 million. Recode. February 1, 2017.
  42. ↑ Rusell Brandom. Lawsuit claims Facebook illegally scanned private messages. The Verge. May 19, 2016.
  43. ↑ Chris Tryhorn. Facebook in court over ownership. The Guardian. July 25, 2007.
  44. ↑ Scott Michels. Facebook Founder Accused of Stealing Idea for Site. ABC News. ABC. July 20, 2007.
  45. ↑ Nicholas Carlson. How Mark Zuckerberg Hacked Into Rival ConnectU In 2004. Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. March 5, 2010.
  46. ↑ Charles Arthur. Facebook paid up to $65m to founder Mark Zuckerberg's ex-classmates. The Guardian. February 12, 2009.
  47. ↑ Ryan Singel. Court Tells Winklevoss Twins to Quit Their Facebook Whining. Wired. April 11, 2011.
  48. ↑ Jonathan Stempel. Facebook wins dismissal of second Winklevoss case. Reuters. July 22, 2011.
  49. ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis. Syria blocks Facebook in Internet crackdown. Reuters. November 23, 2007.
  50. ↑ Robin Wauters. China Blocks Access To Twitter, Facebook After Riots. TechCrunch. AOL. July 7, 2009.
  51. ↑ Iranian government blocks Facebook access. The Guardian. May 24, 2009.

Sumber dan atribusi

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, revisi 27586197 (2025-07-23T04:43:02Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.


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