Filsafat kecerdasan buatan

Filsafat kecerdasan buatan berupaya menjawab pertanyaan seperti:^[1]

Dapatkah mesin bertindak secara cerdas? Dapatkah mesin menyelesaikan semua masalah yang akan diselesaikan seseorang dengan cara berpikir?
Apakah mesin memiliki budi dan kesadaran seperti manusia? Dapatkan mereka merasakan?
Apakah kecerdasan manusia dan mesin itu sama? Apakah otak manusia pada dasarnya merupakan sebuah komputer?

Tiga pertanyaan tersebut melambangkan ketertarikan peneliti, filsuf, dan ilmuwan kognitif kecerdasan buatan. Jawaban terhadap pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut bergantung pada bagaimana seseorang mendefinisikan "kecerdasan" atau "kesadaran" dan "mesin" mana yang sedang diperbincangkan.

Dalil-dalil penting dalam kecerdasan buatan adalah:

"Konvensi sopan" Turing: Apabila mesin bertindak secerdas manusia, maka mesin sama cerdasnya dengan manusia.^[2]
Usulan Dartmouth: "Setiap aspek pembelajaran atau ciri lain kecerdasan dapat digambarkan secara tepat sehingga sebuah mesin dapat diciptakan untuk merangsangnya."^[3]
Hipotesis sistem lambang fisik Newell dan Simon: "Sistem lambang fisik mempunyai arti tindakan kecerdasan umum yang penting dan mencukupi."^[4]
Hipotesis kecerdasan buatan kuat Searle: "Komputer yang diprogram dengan tepat dengan input dan output yang benar punya budi seperti manusia."^[5]
Mekanisme Hobbes: "Nalar tidak lain adalah perhitungan."^[6]

Referensi

↑ define the philosophy of AI as consisting of the first two questions, and the additional question of the ethics of artificial intelligence. writes "In the current literature, philosophy has to chief roles: to determine whether or not such machines would be conscious, and, second, to predict whether or not such machines are possible." The last question bears on the first two.
↑ This is a paraphrase of the essential point of the Turing Test. , , ,
↑ . This assertion was printed in the program for the Dartmouth Conference of 1956, widely considered the "birth of AI."also
↑ and
↑ This version is from , and is also quoted in . Searle's original formulation was "The appropriately programmed computer really is a mind, in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states." . Strong AI is defined similarly by : "The assertion that machines could possibly act intelligently (or, perhaps better, act as if they were intelligent) is called the 'weak AI' hypothesis by philosophers, and the assertion that machines that do so are actually thinking (as opposed to simulating thinking) is called the 'strong AI' hypothesis."
↑ sumber pada Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia

Sumber dan atribusi

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, revisi 29435292 (2026-07-09T06:45:42Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.

[1] the philosophy of AI as consisting of the first two questions, and the additional question of the ethics of artificial intelligence. writes "In the current literature, philosophy has to chief roles: to determine whether or not such machines would be conscious, and, second, to predict whether or not such machines are possible." The last question bears on the first two.

[2] This is a paraphrase of the essential point of the Turing Test. , , ,

[3] . This assertion was printed in the program for the Dartmouth Conference of 1956, widely considered the "birth of AI."also

[4] ↑ and

[5] This version is from , and is also quoted in . Searle's original formulation was "The appropriately programmed computer really is a mind, in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states." . Strong AI is defined similarly by : "The assertion that machines could possibly act intelligently (or, perhaps better, act as if they were intelligent) is called the 'weak AI' hypothesis by philosophers, and the assertion that machines that do so are actually thinking (as opposed to simulating thinking) is called the 'strong AI' hypothesis."

[6] sumber pada Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia

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