Isotop emas

Emas (₇₉Au) memiliki satu isotop stabil, ¹⁹⁷Au, dan 36 radioisotop, dengan ¹⁹⁵Au menjadi yang paling stabil dengan waktu paruh 186 hari. Emas saat ini dianggap sebagai unsur monoisotop terberat. Bismut sebelumnya memegang gelar tersebut sampai peluruhan alfa dari isotop ²⁰⁹Bi teramati. Semua isotop emas bersifat radioaktif atau, dalam kasus ¹⁹⁷Au, stabil secara pengamatan, yang berarti bahwa ¹⁹⁷Au diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.

Pembentukan dan kestabilan

Isotop emas yang terbentuk secara alami di alam memiliki nuklida stabil dan jumlahnya hanya satu. Sementara itu, puluhan isotop emas yang lainnya hanya dapat dibuat di laboratorium dan hasilnya merupakan nuklida non-stabil. Kestabilan isotop emas agar berubah seiring waktu dan berakhir menjadi unsur kimia lain.^[1]

Daftar isotop

|- | ¹⁶⁹Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 90 | 168,99808(32)# | 150# μdtk | | | 1/2+# | | |- | ¹⁷⁰Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 91 | 169,99612(22)# | 310(50) μdtk
[286(+50−40) μdtk] | | | (2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^170mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 275(14) keV | 630(60) μdtk
[0,62(+6−5) mdtk] | | | (9+) | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷¹Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92 | rowspan=2|170,991879(28) | rowspan=2|30(5) μdtk | p | ¹⁷⁰Pt | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (langka) | ¹⁶⁷Ir |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^171mAu | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 250(16) keV | rowspan=2|1,014(19) mdtk | α (54%) | ¹⁶⁷Ir | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | p (46%) | ¹⁷⁰Pt |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷²Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93 | rowspan=2|171,99004(17)# | rowspan=2|4,7(11) mdtk | α (98%) | ¹⁶⁸Ir | rowspan=2|tinggi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | p (2%) | ¹⁷¹Pt |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷³Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94 | rowspan=2|172,986237(28) | rowspan=2|25(1) mdtk | α | ¹⁶⁹Ir | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (langka) | ¹⁷³Pt |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^173mAu | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 214(23) keV | rowspan=2|14,0(9) mdtk | α (96%) | ¹⁶⁹Ir | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (4%) | ¹⁷³Pt |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷⁴Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95 | rowspan=2|173,98476(11)# | rowspan=2|139(3) mdtk | α | ¹⁷⁰Ir | rowspan=2|rendah | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (langka) | ¹⁷⁴Pt |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^174mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) mdtk | | | tinggi | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷⁵Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96 | rowspan=2|174,98127(5) | rowspan=2|100# mdtk | α (82%) | ¹⁷¹Ir | rowspan=2|1/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (18%) | ¹⁷⁵Pt |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^175mAu | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 200(30)# keV | rowspan=2|156(3) mdtk | α | ¹⁷¹Ir | rowspan=2|11/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ | ¹⁷⁵Pt |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷⁶Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 | rowspan=2|175,98010(11)# | rowspan=2|1,08(17) dtk
[0,84(+17−14) dtk] | α (60%) | ¹⁷²Ir | rowspan=2|(5−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (40%) | ¹⁷⁶Pt |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^176mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) mdtk | | | (7+) | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷⁷Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98 | rowspan=2|176,976865(14) | rowspan=2|1,462(32) dtk | β⁺ (60%) | ¹⁷⁷Pt | rowspan=2|(1/2+, 3/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (40%) | ¹⁷³Ir |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^177mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 216(26) keV | 1,180(12) dtk | | | 11/2− | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷⁸Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 99 | rowspan=2|177,97603(6) | rowspan=2|2,6(5) dtk | β⁺ (60%) | ¹⁷⁸Pt | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (40%) | ¹⁷⁴Ir |- | rowspan=2|¹⁷⁹Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100 | rowspan=2|178,973213(18) | rowspan=2|7,1(3) dtk | β⁺ (78%) | ¹⁷⁹Pt | rowspan=2|5/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (22%) | ¹⁷⁵Ir |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^179mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 99(16) keV | | | | (11/2−) | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸⁰Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101 | rowspan=2|179,972521(23) | rowspan=2|8,1(3) dtk | β⁺ (98,2%) | ¹⁸⁰Pt | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (1,8%) | ¹⁷⁶Ir |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸¹Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102 | rowspan=2|180,970079(21) | rowspan=2|13,7(14) dtk | β⁺ (97,3%) | ¹⁸¹Pt | rowspan=2|(3/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (2,7%) | ¹⁷⁷Ir |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸²Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103 | rowspan=2|181,969618(22) | rowspan=2|15,5(4) dtk | β⁺ (99,87%) | ¹⁸²Pt | rowspan=2|(2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,13%) | ¹⁷⁸Ir |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸³Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104 | rowspan=2|182,967593(11) | rowspan=2|42,8(10) dtk | β⁺ (99,2%) | ¹⁸³Pt | rowspan=2|(5/2)− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,8%) | ¹⁷⁹Ir |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^183m1Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 73,3(4) keV | >1 μdtk | | | (1/2)+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^183m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 230,6(6) keV | <1 μdtk | | | (11/2)− | | |- | ¹⁸⁴Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 105 | 183,967452(24) | 20,6(9) dtk | β⁺ | ¹⁸⁴Pt | 5+ | | |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | ^184mAu | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 68,46(1) keV | rowspan=3|47,6(14) dtk | β⁺ (70%) | ¹⁸⁴Pt | rowspan=3|2+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | IT (30%) | ¹⁸⁴Au |- | α (0,013%) | ¹⁸⁰Ir |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸⁵Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106 | rowspan=2|184,965789(28) | rowspan=2|4,25(6) mnt | β⁺ (99,74%) | ¹⁸⁵Pt | rowspan=2|5/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,26%) | ¹⁸¹Ir |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^185mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)# keV | 6,8(3) mnt | | | 1/2+# | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸⁶Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 107 | rowspan=2|185,965953(23) | rowspan=2|10,7(5) mnt | β⁺ (99,9992%) | ¹⁸⁶Pt | rowspan=2|3− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (8%) | ¹⁸²Ir |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^186mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 227,77(7) keV | 110(10) ndtk | | | 2+ | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸⁷Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 108 | rowspan=2|186,964568(27) | rowspan=2|8,4(3) mnt | β⁺ (99,997%) | ¹⁸⁷Pt | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,003%) | ¹⁸³Ir |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^187mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 120,51(16) keV | 2,3(1) dtk | IT | ¹⁸⁷Au | 9/2− | | |- | ¹⁸⁸Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 109 | 187,965324(22) | 8,84(6) mnt | β⁺ | ¹⁸⁸Pt | 1(−) | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁸⁹Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 110 | rowspan=2|188,963948(22) | rowspan=2|28,7(3) mnt | β⁺ (99,9997%) | ¹⁸⁹Pt | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (3%) | ¹⁸⁵Ir |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^189m1Au | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 247,23(16) keV | rowspan=2|4,59(11) mnt | β⁺ | ¹⁸⁹Pt | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (langka) | ¹⁸⁹Au |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^189m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 325,11(16) keV | 190(15) ndtk | | | 9/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^189m3Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2554,7(12) keV | 242(10) ndtk | | | 31/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁹⁰Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 111 | rowspan=2|189,964700(17) | rowspan=2|42,8(10) mnt | β⁺ | ¹⁹⁰Pt | rowspan=2|1− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (10⁻⁶%) | ¹⁸⁶Ir |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^190mAu | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 200(150)# keV | rowspan=2|125(20) mdtk | IT | ¹⁹⁰Au | rowspan=2|11−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (langka) | ¹⁹⁰Pt |- | ¹⁹¹Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 112 | 190,96370(4) | 3,18(8) jam | β⁺ | ¹⁹¹Pt | 3/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^191m1Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 266,2(5) keV | 920(110) mdtk | IT | ¹⁹¹Au | (11/2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^191m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2490(1) keV | >400 ndtk | | | | | |- | ¹⁹²Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 113 | 191,964813(17) | 4,94(9) jam | β⁺ | ¹⁹²Pt | 1− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^192m1Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 135,41(25) keV | 29 mdtk | IT | ¹⁹²Au | (5#)+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^192m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 431,6(5) keV | 160(20) mdtk | | | (11−) | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁹³Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 114 | rowspan=2|192,964150(11) | rowspan=2|17,65(15) jam | β⁺ (100%) | ¹⁹³Pt | rowspan=2|3/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (10⁻⁵%) | ¹⁸⁹Ir |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^193m1Au | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 290,19(3) keV | rowspan=2|3,9(3) dtk | IT (99,97%) | ¹⁹³Au | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (0,03%) | ¹⁹³Pt |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^193m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2486,5(6) keV | 150(50) ndtk | | | (31/2+) | | |- | ¹⁹⁴Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 115 | 193,965365(11) | 38,02(10) jam | β⁺ | ¹⁹⁴Pt | 1− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^194m1Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 107,4(5) keV | 600(8) mdtk | IT | ¹⁹⁴Au | (5+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^194m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 475,8(6) keV | 420(10) mdtk | | | (11−) | | |- | ¹⁹⁵Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 116 | 194,9650346(14) | 186,098(47) hri | EC | ¹⁹⁵Pt | 3/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^195mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 318,58(4) keV | 30,5(2) dtk | IT | ¹⁹⁵Au | 11/2− | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁹⁶Au | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 117 | rowspan=2|195,966570(3) | rowspan=2|6,1669(6) hri | EC (93,05%) | ¹⁹⁶Pt | rowspan=2|2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻ (6,95%) | ¹⁹⁶Hg |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^196m1Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 84,660(20) keV | 8,1(2) dtk | IT | ¹⁹⁶Au | 5+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^196m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 595,66(4) keV | 9,6(1) jam | | | 12− | | |- | ¹⁹⁷Au^[2] | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 118 | 196,9665687(6) | colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan^[3] | 3/2+ | 1,0000 | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^197mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 409,15(8) keV | 7,73(6) dtk | IT | ¹⁹⁷Au | 11/2− | | |- | ¹⁹⁸Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 119 | 197,9682423(6) | 2,69517(21) hri | β⁻ | ¹⁹⁸Hg | 2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^198m1Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 312,2200(20) keV | 124(4) ndtk | | | 5+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^198m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 811,7(15) keV | 2,27(2) hri | IT | ¹⁹⁸Au | (12−) | | |- | ¹⁹⁹Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 120 | 198,9687652(6) | 3,139(7) hri | β⁻ | ¹⁹⁹Hg | 3/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^199mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 548,9368(21) keV | 440(30) μdtk | | | (11/2)− | | |- | ²⁰⁰Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 121 | 199,97073(5) | 48,4(3) mnt | β⁻ | ²⁰⁰Hg | 1(−) | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^200mAu | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 970(70) keV | rowspan=2|18,7(5) jam | β⁻ (82%) | ²⁰⁰Hg | rowspan=2|12− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (18%) | ²⁰⁰Au |- | ²⁰¹Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 122 | 200,971657(3) | 26(1) mnt | β⁻ | ²⁰¹Hg | 3/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^201m1Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 594(5) keV | 730(630) μdtk | | | (11/2-) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^201m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1610(5) keV | 5,6(2,4) μdtk | | | (11/2-) | | |- | ²⁰²Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 123 | 201,97381(18) | 28,8(19) dtk | β⁻ | ²⁰²Hg | (1−) | | |- | ²⁰³Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 124 | 202,975155(3) | 60(6) dtk | β⁻ | ²⁰³Hg | 3/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^203mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 641(3) keV | 140(44) μdtk | IT | ²⁰³Au | 11/2−# | | |- | ²⁰⁴Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 125 | 203,97772(22)# | 38,3(1,3) dtk | β⁻ | ²⁰⁴Hg | (2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^204mAu | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3816(1000)# keV | 2,1(0,3) μdtk | IT | ²⁰⁴Au | 16+# | | |- | ²⁰⁵Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 126 | 204,97985(21)# | 32,5(1,4) dtk | β⁻ | ²⁰⁵Hg | 3/2+# | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^205m1Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 907(5) keV | 6(2) dtk | | | 11/2−# | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^205m2Au | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2850(5) keV | 163(5) ndtk | | | 19/2+# | | |- | ²⁰⁶Au | style="text-align:right" | 79 | style="text-align:right" | 127 | 205,98474(32)# | 47(11) dtk | β⁻ | ²⁰⁶Hg | (5+, 6+) | |

Referensi

↑ Iwan Kurniawan. Pembangunan PLTN: Demi Kemajuan Peradaban?. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. April 1996. hlm. 4. ISBN 979-461-236-7.
↑ Bahan potensial untuk bom bergaram
↑ Diyakini mengalami peluruhan α menjadi 193 Ir

Sumber dan atribusi

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[1] Iwan Kurniawan. Pembangunan PLTN: Demi Kemajuan Peradaban?. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. April 1996. hlm. 4. ISBN 979-461-236-7.

[2] Bahan potensial untuk bom bergaram

[3] Diyakini mengalami peluruhan α menjadi 193 Ir

[1]

[2]

[3]