Isotop tulium
Tulium (69Tm) yang terbentuk secara alami hanya terdiri dari satu isotop stabil, 169Tm; oleh karena itu, tulium adalah unsur monoisotop dan mononuklida. Tiga puluh empat radioisotop telah dikarakterisasi, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 171Tm dengan waktu paruh 1,92 tahun, 170Tm dengan waktu paruh 128,6 hari, 168Tm dengan waktu paruh 93,1 hari, dan 167Tm dengan waktu paruh, 9,25 hari. Semua isotop radioaktif yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 64 jam, dan sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 2 menit. Unsur ini juga memiliki 26 keadaan meta, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 164mTm (t1/2 5,1 menit), 160mTm (t1/2 74,5 detik) dan 155mTm (t1/2 45 detik).
Isotop tulium memiliki berat atom berkisar mulai dari 144,97007 u (145Tm) hingga 178,95534 u (179Tm). Mode peluruhan utama sebelum isotop stabil yang paling melimpah, 169Tm, adalah penangkapan elektron, dan mode utama sesudahnya adalah peluruhan beta. Produk peluruhan utama sebelum 169Tm adalah isotop erbium, dan produk utama sesudahnya adalah isotop iterbium. Semua isotop tulium bersifat radioaktif atau, dalam kasus 169Tm, stabil secara pengamatan, artinya 169Tm diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.
Daftar isotop
| 145Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 76 | 144,97007(43)# | 3,1(3) μdtk | | | (11/2−) | |
| rowspan=2|146Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77 | rowspan=2|145,96643(43)# | rowspan=2|240(30) mdtk | p | 145Er | rowspan=2|(6−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+ (langka) | 146Er
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 146mTm | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 71(6) keV | rowspan=2|72(23) mdtk | p | 145Er | rowspan=2|(10+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+ (langka) | 146Er
| rowspan=2|147Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78 | rowspan=2|146,96096(32)# | rowspan=2|0,58(3) dtk | β+ (85%) | 147Er | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| p (15%) | 146Er
| style="text-indent:1em" | 147mTm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 60(5) keV | 360(40) μdtk | | | 3/2+ | |
| 148Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 79 | 147,95784(43)# | 0,7(2) dtk | β+ | 148Er | (10+) | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 148mTm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | | 0,7 dtk | | | | |
| rowspan=2|149Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 80 | rowspan=2|148,95272(32)# | rowspan=2|0,9(2) dtk | β+ (99,74%) | 149Er | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+, p (0,26%) | 148Ho
| 150Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 81 | 149,94996(21)# | 3# dtk | β+ | 150Er | (1+) | |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 150m1Tm | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 140(140)# keV | rowspan=2|2,20(6) dtk | β+ (98,8%) | 150Er | rowspan=2|(6−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+, p (1,2%) | 149Ho
| style="text-indent:1em" | 150m2Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 810(140)# keV | 5,2(3) mdtk | | | (10+) | |
| 151Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 82 | 150,945483(22) | 4,17(10) dtk | β+ | 151Er | (11/2−) | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 151m1Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 92(7) keV | 6,6(14) dtk | β+ | 151Er | (1/2+) | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 151m2Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2655,67(22) keV | 451(24) ndtk | | | (27/2−) | |
| 152Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 83 | 151,94442(8) | 8,0(10) dtk | β+ | 152Er | (2#)− | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 152m1Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(80)# keV | 52(6) dtk | β+ | 152Er | (9)+ | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 152m2Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2555,05(19)+X keV | 294(12) ndtk | | | (17+) | |
| rowspan=2|153Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84 | rowspan=2|152,942012(20) | rowspan=2|1,48(1) dtk | α (91%) | 149Ho | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+ (9%) | 153Er
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 153mTm | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 43,2(2) keV | rowspan=2|2,5(2) dtk | α (92%) | 149Ho | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+ (8%) | 153Er
| rowspan=2|154Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85 | rowspan=2|153,941568(15) | rowspan=2|8,1(3) dtk | β+ (56%) | 154Er | rowspan=2|(2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| α (44%) | 150Ho
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 154mTm | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 70(50) keV | rowspan=2|3,30(7) dtk | α (90%) | 150Ho | rowspan=2|(9+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+ (10%) | 154Er
| rowspan=2|155Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86 | rowspan=2|154,939199(14) | rowspan=2|21,6(2) dtk | β+ (98,1%) | 155Er | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| α (1,9%) | 151Ho
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 155mTm | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 41(6) keV | rowspan=2|45(3) dtk | β+ (92%) | 155Er | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| α (8%) | 151Ho
| rowspan=2|156Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87 | rowspan=2|155,938980(17) | rowspan=2|83,8(18) dtk | β+ (99,93%) | 156Er | rowspan=2|2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| α (0,064%) | 152Er
| style="text-indent:1em" | 156mTm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 203,6(5) keV | ~400 ndtk | | | (11−) | |
| 157Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 88 | 156,93697(3) | 3,63(9) mnt | β+ | 157Er | 1/2+ | |
| 158Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 89 | 157,936980(27) | 3,98(6) mnt | β+ | 158Er | 2− | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 158mTm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(100)# keV | ~20 ndtk | | | (5+) | |
| 159Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 90 | 158,93498(3) | 9,13(16) mnt | β+ | 159Er | 5/2+ | |
| 160Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 91 | 159,93526(4) | 9,4(3) mnt | β+ | 160Er | 1− | |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 160m1Tm | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 70(20) keV | rowspan=2|74,5(15) dtk | IT (85%) | 160Tm | rowspan=2|5(+#) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+ (15%) | 160Er
| style="text-indent:1em" | 160m2Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 98,2+X keV | ~200 ndtk | | | (8) | |
| 161Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 92 | 160,93355(3) | 30,2(8) mnt | β+ | 161Er | 7/2+ | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 161m1Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 7,4(2) keV | 5# mnt | | | 1/2+ | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 161m2Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 78,20(3) keV | 110(3) ndtk | | | 7/2− | |
| 162Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 93 | 161,933995(28) | 21,70(19) mnt | β+ | 162Er | 1− | |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 162mTm | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(40) keV | rowspan=2|24,3(17) dtk | IT (82%) | 162Tm | rowspan=2|5+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+ (18%) | 162Er
| 163Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 94 | 162,932651(6) | 1,810(5) jam | β+ | 163Er | 1/2+ | |
| 164Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 95 | 163,93356(3) | 2,0(1) mnt | β+ | 164Er | 1+ | |
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 164mTm | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 10(6) keV | rowspan=2|5,1(1) mnt | IT (80%) | 164Tm | rowspan=2|6− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β+ (20%) | 164Er
| 165Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 96 | 164,932435(4) | 30,06(3) jam | β+ | 165Er | 1/2+ | |
| 166Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 97 | 165,933554(13) | 7,70(3) jam | β+ | 166Er | 2+ | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 166mTm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 122(8) keV | 340(25) mdtk | IT | 166Tm | 6− | |
| 167Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 98 | 166,9328516(29) | 9,25(2) hri | EC | 167Er | 1/2+ | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 167m1Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 179,480(19) keV | 1,16(6) μdtk | | | (7/2)+ | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 167m2Tm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 292,820(20) keV | 0,9(1) μdtk | | | 7/2− | |
| rowspan=2|168Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 99 | rowspan=2|167,934173(3) | rowspan=2|93,1(2) hri | β+ (99,99%) | 168Er | rowspan=2|3+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| β− (0,01%) | 168Yb
| 169Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 100 | 168,9342133(27) | colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan | 1/2+ | 1,0000 |
| rowspan=2|170Tm | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101 | rowspan=2|169,9358014(27) | rowspan=2|128,6(3) hri | β− (99,86%) | 170Yb | rowspan=2|1− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2|
| EC (0,14%) | 170Er
| style="text-indent:1em" | 170mTm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 183,197(4) keV | 4,12(13) μdtk | | | (3)+ | |
| 171Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 102 | 170,9364294(28) | 1,92(1) thn | β− | 171Yb | 1/2+ | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 171mTm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 424,9560(15) keV | 2,60(2) μdtk | | | 7/2− | |
| 172Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 103 | 171,938400(6) | 63,6(2) jam | β− | 172Yb | 2− | |
| 173Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 104 | 172,939604(5) | 8,24(8) jam | β− | 173Yb | (1/2+) | |
| style="text-indent:1em" | 173mTm | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 317,73(20) keV | 10(3) μdtk | | | (7/2−) | |
| 174Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 105 | 173,94217(5) | 5,4(1) mnt | β− | 174Yb | (4)− | |
| 175Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 106 | 174,94384(5) | 15,2(5) mnt | β− | 175Yb | (1/2+) | |
| 176Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 107 | 175,94699(11) | 1,85(3) mnt | β− | 176Yb | (4+) | |
| 177Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 108 | 176,94904(32)# | 90(6) dtk | β− | 177Yb | (7/2−) | |
| 178Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 109 | 177,95264(43)# | 30# dtk | β− | 178Yb | | |
| 179Tm | style="text-align:right" | 69 | style="text-align:right" | 110 | 178,95534(54)# | 20# dtk | β− | 179Yb | 1/2+# | |
Referensi
- Massa isotop dari:
- Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
- Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
Sumber dan atribusi
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, revisi 21360125 (2022-07-10T13:22:22Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.