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Isotop aktinium

Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Aktinium (89Ac) tidak memiliki satu pun isotop stabil dan tidak memiliki komposisi isotop terestrial yang khas, sehingga berat atom standarnya tidak dapat diberikan. Ada 32 isotop aktinium yang diketahui, mulai dari 205Ac hingga 236Ac, dan 7 isomer. Tiga isotop ditemukan di alam, 225Ac, 227Ac dan 228Ac, sebagai produk peluruhan antara dari, masing-masing, 237Np, 235U, dan 232Th. 228Ac dan 225Ac sangat jarang, jadi hampir seluruh aktinium alami merupakan 227Ac.

Isotop aktinium yang paling stabil adalah 227Ac dengan waktu paruh 21,772 tahun, 225Ac dengan waktu paruh 10,0 hari, dan 226Ac dengan waktu paruh 29,37 jam. Semua isotop lain memiliki waktu paruh di bawah 10 jam, dan sebagian besar di bawah satu menit. Isotop berumur paling pendek yang diketahui adalah 217Ac dengan waktu paruh nanodetik.

227Ac yang dimurnikan akan mencapai kesetimbangan dengan produk peluruhannya (227Th dan 223Fr) setelah 185 hari.[1]

Daftar isotop

|- |205Ac[2] | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 116 | | 20(+97−9) mdtk | α | 201Fr | | |- | 206Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 117 | 206,01450(8) | 25(7) mdtk | | | (3+) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 206m1Ac | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80(50) keV | 15(6) mdtk | | | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 206m2Ac | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 290(110)# keV | 41(16) mdtk | | | (10−) | |- | 207Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 118 | 207,01195(6) | 31(8) mdtk
[27(+11−6) mdtk] | α | 203Fr | 9/2−# | |- | rowspan=2|208Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 119 | rowspan=2|208,01155(6) | rowspan=2|97(16) mdtk
[95(+24−16) mdtk] | α (99%) | 204Fr | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (1%) | 208Ra |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 208mAc | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 506(26) keV | rowspan=3|28(7) mdtk
[25(+9−5) mdtk] | α (89%) | 204Fr | rowspan=3|(10−) | rowspan=3| |- | IT (10%) | 208Ac |- | β+ (1%) | 208Ra |- | rowspan=2|209Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 120 | rowspan=2|209,00949(5) | rowspan=2|92(11) mdtk | α (99%) | 205Fr | rowspan=2|(9/2−) | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (1%) | 209Ra |- | rowspan=2|210Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 121 | rowspan=2|210,00944(6) | rowspan=2|350(40) mdtk | α (96%) | 206Fr | rowspan=2|7+# | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (4%) | 210Ra |- | rowspan=2|211Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 122 | rowspan=2|211,00773(8) | rowspan=2|213(25) mdtk | α (99,8%) | 207Fr | rowspan=2|9/2−# | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (0,2%) | 211Ra |- | rowspan=2|212Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 123 | rowspan=2|212,00781(7) | rowspan=2|920(50) mdtk | α (97%) | 208Fr | rowspan=2|6+# | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (3%) | 212Ra |- | rowspan=2|213Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 124 | rowspan=2|213,00661(6) | rowspan=2|731(17) mdtk | α | 209Fr | rowspan=2|(9/2−)# | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (langka) | 213Ra |- | rowspan=2|214Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 125 | rowspan=2|214,006902(24) | rowspan=2|8,2(2) dtk | α (89%) | 210Fr | rowspan=2|(5+)# | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (11%) | 214Ra |- | rowspan=2|215Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 126 | rowspan=2|215,006454(23) | rowspan=2|0.17(1) dtk | α (99,91%) | 211Fr | rowspan=2|9/2− | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (0,09%) | 215Ra |- | rowspan=2|216Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 127 | rowspan=2|216,008720(29) | rowspan=2|0,440(16) mdtk | α | 212Fr | rowspan=2|(1−) | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (7%) | 216Ra |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 216mAc | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 44(7) keV | 443(7) µdtk | | | (9−) | |- | rowspan=2|217Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 128 | rowspan=2|217,009347(14) | rowspan=2|69(4) ndtk | α (98%) | 213Fr | rowspan=2|9/2− | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (6,9%) | 217Ra |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 217mAc | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2012(20) keV | 740(40) ndtk | | | (29/2)+ | |- | 218Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 129 | 218,01164(5) | 1,08(9) µdtk | α | 214Fr | (1−)# | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 218mAc | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 584(50)# keV | 103(11) ndtk | | | (11+) | |- | rowspan=2|219Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130 | rowspan=2|219,01242(5) | rowspan=2|11,8(15) µdtk | α | 215Fr | rowspan=2|9/2− | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (10−6%) | 219Ra |- | rowspan=2|220Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 131 | rowspan=2|220,014763(16) | rowspan=2|26,36(19) mdtk | α | 216Fr | rowspan=2|(3−) | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (5%) | 220Ra |- | 221Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 132 | 221,01559(5) | 52(2) mdtk | α | 217Fr | 9/2−# | |- | rowspan=2|222Ac | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 133 | rowspan=2|222,017844(6) | rowspan=2|5,0(5) dtk | α (99%) | 218Fr | rowspan=2|1− | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (1%) | 222Ra |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 222mAc | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 200(150)# keV | rowspan=3|1,05(7) mnt | α (88,6%) | 218Fr | rowspan=3|tinggi | rowspan=3| |- | IT (10%) | 222Ac |- | β+ (1,4%) | 222Ra |- | rowspan=3|223Ac | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 134 | rowspan=3|223,019137(8) | rowspan=3|2,10(5) mnt | α (99%) | 219Fr | rowspan=3|(5/2−) | rowspan=3| |- | EC (1%) | 223Ra |- | CD (3,2%) | 209Bi
14C |- | rowspan=3|224Ac | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 135 | rowspan=3|224,021723(4) | rowspan=3|2,78(17) jam | β+ (90,9%) | 224Ra | rowspan=3|0− | rowspan=3| |- | α (9,1%) | 220Fr |- | β− (1,6%) | 224Th |- | rowspan=2|225Ac[3] | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 136 | rowspan=2|225,023230(5) | rowspan=2|10,0(1) hri | α | 221Fr | rowspan=2|(3/2−) | rowspan=2|Renik[4] |- | CD (6%) | 211Bi
14C |- | rowspan=3|226Ac | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 137 | rowspan=3|226,026098(4) | rowspan=3|29,37(12) jam | β− (83%) | 226Th | rowspan=3|(1)(−#) | rowspan=3| |- | EC (17%) | 226Ra |- | α (0,006%) | 222Fr |- | rowspan=2|227Ac | rowspan=2|Aktinium[5] | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 138 | rowspan=2|227,0277521(26) | rowspan=2|21,772(3) thn | β− (98,61%) | 227Th | rowspan=2|3/2− | rowspan=2|Renik[6] |- | α (1,38%) | 223Fr |- | rowspan=2|228Ac | rowspan=2|Mesotorium 2 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 139 | rowspan=2|228,0310211(27) | rowspan=2|6,13(2) jam | β− | 228Th | rowspan=2|3+ | rowspan=2|Renik[7] |- | α (5,5%) | 224Fr |- | 229Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 140 | 229,03302(4) | 62,7(5) mnt | β− | 229Th | (3/2+) | |- | 230Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 141 | 230,03629(32) | 122(3) dtk | β− | 230Th | (1+) | |- | 231Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 142 | 231,03856(11) | 7,5(1) mnt | β− | 231Th | (1/2+) | |- | 232Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 143 | 232,04203(11) | 119(5) dtk | β− | 232Th | (1+) | |- | 233Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 144 | 233,04455(32)# | 145(10) dtk | β− | 233Th | (1/2+) | |- | 234Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 145 | 234,04842(43)# | 44(7) dtk | β− | 234Th | | |- | 235Ac | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 146 | 235,05123(38)# | 60(4) dtk | β− | 235Th | 1/2+# | |- | 236Ac[8] | | style="text-align:right" | 89 | style="text-align:right" | 147 | 236,05530(54)# | 72(+345-33) dtk | β− | 236Th | |

Referensi

  1. ↑ Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience. 2005. hlm. 332. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.
  2. ↑ Z. Y. Zhang. α decay of the new neutron-deficient isotope 205 Ac. Physical Review C. Januari 2014. Vol. 89 (1). hlm. 014308. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.014308.
  3. ↑ Memiliki kegunaan medis
  4. ↑ Produk peluruhan antara dari 237 Np
  5. ↑ Asal nama unsur ini
  6. ↑ Produk peluruhan antara dari 235 U
  7. ↑ Produk peluruhan antara dari 232 Th
  8. ↑ L. Chen. Discovery and Investigation of Heavy Neutron-Rich Isotopes with Time-Resolved Schottky Spectrometry in the Element Range from Thallium to Actinium. Physics Letters B. 2010. Vol. 691 (5). hlm. 234–237. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.05.078.

Sumber dan atribusi

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