Skala Scoville: Perbedaan antara revisi
Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 27460527; atribusi sumber disertakan. |
Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi |
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[[File:Naga_Jolokia_Peppers.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Naga Jolokia Peppers]] | |||
'''Skala Scoville''' adalah ukuran tentang ke[[pedas]]an [[cabai]]. Buah genus ''[[Capsicum]] ''(cabai) mengandung [[kapsaisin]], suatu [[bahan kimia]] yang merangsang [[ujung saraf]] [[penerima pedas]] di [[lidah]], dan jumlah satuan pedas Scoville (bahasa Inggris: ''Scoville Heat Units'', SHU) menunjukkan jumlah kapsaisin yang ada. Banyak [[sambal]] menggunakan peringkat Scoville mereka dalam iklan sebagai daya jualnya. | '''Skala Scoville''' adalah ukuran tentang ke[[pedas]]an [[cabai]]. Buah genus ''[[Capsicum]] ''(cabai) mengandung [[kapsaisin]], suatu [[bahan kimia]] yang merangsang [[ujung saraf]] [[penerima pedas]] di [[lidah]], dan jumlah satuan pedas Scoville (bahasa Inggris: ''Scoville Heat Units'', SHU) menunjukkan jumlah kapsaisin yang ada. Banyak [[sambal]] menggunakan peringkat Scoville mereka dalam iklan sebagai daya jualnya. | ||
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== Daftar tingkatan Scoville == | == Daftar tingkatan Scoville == | ||
=== Bahan kimia === | === Bahan kimia === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Satuan pedas Scoville | |||
! Contoh | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#000; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 16.000.000.000 || style="background:#eee;" | [[Resiniferatoksin]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#000; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 5.300.000.000 || style="background:#eee;" | [[Tinyatoksin]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#000; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 16.000.000 || style="background:#eee;"| [[Kapsaisin]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#000; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 15.000.000 || style="background:#eee;"| [[Dihidrokapsaisin]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#300; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 9.200.000 || style="background:#eee;" | [[Nonivamida]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#300; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 9.100.000 || style="background:#eee;" | [[Nordihidrokapsaisin]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#300; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 8.600.000 || style="background:#eee;" | [[Homokapsaisin]], [[homodihidrokapsaisin]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#d00; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 160.000 || [[Shogaol]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#ff1515; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 100.000 || [[Piperin]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#ff1515; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 60.000 || [[Gingerol]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#ff6d6d; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 16.000 || [[Kapsinoid|Kapsiat]] | |||
|} | |||
=== Lada/cabai === | === Lada/cabai === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
== | ! Satuan pedas Scoville | ||
! Contoh | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#300; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 2.693.000 || style="background:#eee;"| [[Pepper X]]<ref>[https://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/hottest-chili Pepper X, Hottest chilli pepper]. Guinness World Records Ltd. 2023.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#600; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 1.500.000–2.500.000 || style="background:#eee;"|[[Carolina Reaper]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#900; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 750.000–1.500.000 || [[Trinidad Moruga Scorpion]],<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/9085820/Chile-experts-identify-Trinidad-Moruga-Scorpion-as-worlds-hottest.html Chile experts identify Trinidad Moruga Scorpion as world's hottest]. The Daily Telegraph. 2012-02-16.</ref> [[Cabai Naga Viper]],<ref>Brett Michael Dykes. [http://beta.news.yahoo.com/blogs/lookout/world-hottest-pepper-hot-enough-strip-paint.html World’s hottest pepper is ‘hot enough to strip paint’]. Yahoo! News. 3 December 2010.</ref> [[Infinity Chilli]],<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12506652 Grantham's Infinity chilli named hottest in world]. ''News''. BBC. 2011-02-18.</ref> [[cabai setan]],<ref>Shaline L. Lopez. [http://www.nmsu.edu/~ucomm/Releases/2007/february/hottest_chile.htm NMSU is home to the world's hottest chile pepper]. 2007.</ref><ref>AP. [http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/02/23/hot.pepper.ap/ World's hottest chili pepper a mouthful for prof]. CNN. 23 February 2007.</ref> [[cabai Trinidad Scorpion Butch T]],<ref>Matthew Da Silva, [http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/aussies-grow-worlds-hottest-chilli.htm "Aussies grow world's hottest chilli"] , ''Australian Geographic'', 12 April 2011</ref> Bedfordshire Super Naga<ref>[http://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=188&newsid=678 UK’s hottest commercially grown chilli pepper goes on sale].</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#c00; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 350.000–750.000 || [[Cabai Red Savina]]<ref>[http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Worlds-hottest-chile-pepper-discovered-991-1/ World's hottest chile pepper discovered]. ''Bio-Medicine''. American Society for Horticultural Science. 26 Oktober 2007.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#f00; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 100.000–350.000 || [[Cabai Habanero]],<ref>[http://homecooking.about.com/library/weekly/blhotchiles.htm Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale]. About.</ref> [[Scotch bonnet (cabai)|cabai Scotch bonnet]],<ref>[http://homecooking.about.com/library/weekly/blhotchiles.htm Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale]. About.</ref> [[cabai Datil]], [[Rocoto]], [[Madame Jeanette]], Habanero Putih Peru,<ref>[http://www.thechileman.org/results.php?chile=1&find=habanero+white&heat=Any&origin=Any&genus=Any Habanero White]. Chile man.</ref> Jamaican hot pepper,<ref>[http://www.happystove.com/recipe/32/The+Scoville+Scale The Scoville Scale]. Happy stove.</ref> Wiri Wiri Guyana | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#ff2424; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 50.000–100.000 || [[Cabai Byadgi]], [[cabai rawit]] (aka. cabai Thai),<ref>[http://www.scottrobertsweb.com/scoville-scale.php Scoville Scale Chart for Hot Sauce and Hot Peppers]. Scott Roberts.</ref> [[cabai Malagueta]],<ref>[http://www.scottrobertsweb.com/scoville-scale.php Scoville Scale Chart for Hot Sauce and Hot Peppers]. Scott Roberts.</ref> [[cabai Chiltepin]], [[Piri piri|Piri piri (rawit Afrika)]], [[cabai Pequin]]<ref>[http://www.scottrobertsweb.com/scoville-scale.php Scoville Scale Chart for Hot Sauce and Hot Peppers]. Scott Roberts.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| style="color:white; background:#ff4949; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 25.000–50.000 || [[Guntur chilli]], [[cabai Cayenne]], [[cabai Ají]],<ref>[http://homecooking.about.com/library/weekly/blhotchiles.htm Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale]. About.</ref> [[cabai Tabasco]], cabai Cumari (Capsicum Chinese), [[Katara (cabai)]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#ff6d6d; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 10.000–25.000 || [[Cabai Serrano]], [[cabai Peter]], [[cabai Aleppo]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#ff9292; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 2.500–10.000 || [[Cabai Espelette]], cabai [[Jalapeño]], [[Chipotle]],<ref>[http://homecooking.about.com/library/weekly/blhotchiles.htm Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale]. About.</ref><ref>[http://www.hotsauce.com/Scoville-Hot-Sauce-Heat-Scale-s/78.htm Scoville hot sauce heat scale]. Hot sauce.</ref> [[cabai Guajillo]], [[cabai Anaheim]] varietas [[New Mexico]],<ref>[http://www.chilepepperinstitute.org/documents/chileheat.pdf Anaheim Pepper]. ''Chile Pepper Institute at New Mexico State University''. 2007.</ref> [[cabai lilin Hungaria]], [[saus Tabasco]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#ffb6b6; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 1.000–2.500 || [[Cabai Anaheim]], [[Poblano|cabai Poblano]], [[cabai Rocotillo]], [[Peppadew]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#ffdbdb; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 0–500 || [[Pimento]], [[Peperoncini]], [[Cabai Banana]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#fff; text-align:right; padding-right:8px;"| 0 || [[Paprika]], [[Cubanelle]], [[Aji dulce]] | |||
|} | |||
== Lihat pula == | == Lihat pula == | ||
* [[Schmidt Sting Pain Index]] untuk membandingkan keseluruhan rasa sakit sengatan serangga | * [[Schmidt Sting Pain Index]] untuk membandingkan keseluruhan rasa sakit sengatan serangga | ||
== Pranala luar == | == Pranala luar == | ||
* [http://www.sweatnspice.com/hottest_sauces.php Sambail paling pedas dan Peringkat Scoville] | * [http://www.sweatnspice.com/hottest_sauces.php Sambail paling pedas dan Peringkat Scoville] | ||
* [http://www.thescarms.com/hotstuff/pepperfacts.htm Pepper Facts] | * [http://www.thescarms.com/hotstuff/pepperfacts.htm Pepper Facts] | ||
* [http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/index.asp?id=49118 Record for Red Savinas] | * [http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/index.asp?id=49118 Record for Red Savinas] | ||
* [http://www.cookingforengineers.com/article.php?id=78 Cooking For Engineers: Kitchen Notes: Scoville Units] | * [http://www.cookingforengineers.com/article.php?id=78 Cooking For Engineers: Kitchen Notes: Scoville Units] | ||
== Referensi == | |||
<references /> | |||
== Sumber dan atribusi == | |||
== | Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skala+Scoville&oldid=27460527 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 27460527 (2025-06-25T13:47:19Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku. | ||
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Revisi terkini sejak 29 Agustus 2026 23.19

Skala Scoville adalah ukuran tentang kepedasan cabai. Buah genus Capsicum (cabai) mengandung kapsaisin, suatu bahan kimia yang merangsang ujung saraf penerima pedas di lidah, dan jumlah satuan pedas Scoville (bahasa Inggris: Scoville Heat Units, SHU) menunjukkan jumlah kapsaisin yang ada. Banyak sambal menggunakan peringkat Scoville mereka dalam iklan sebagai daya jualnya.
Namanya berasal dari Wilbur Scoville, yang mengembangkan Tes Organoleptic Scoville pada tahun 1912. Pada rancangan aslinya, cairan ekstrak cabai dicampurkan dalam air gula sehingga 'pedasnya' tidak lagi dapat dideteksi oleh sebuah panel penguji (biasanya lima orang). Tingkat pencampurannya itu memberikan ukuran bagi skala Scoville ini. Jadi cabai manis yang tidak mengandung kapsaisin sama sekali, pada skala Scoville nilainya nol. Artinya rasa pedas tidak ditemukan bahkan ketika cairan itu belum dicampurkan. Sebaliknya, cabai yang paling pedas, seperti misalnya cabai habanero, mempunyai peringkat 300.000 atau lebih. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstraknya harus dicampurkan 300.000 kali lipat sebelum kapsaisin yang hadir di dalamnya tidak terasa lagi. 15 satuan Scoville sama tingkatnya dengan satu bagian kapsaisin per satu juta. Jadi, konsentrasi yang tertinggi sama nilainya dengan 15.000.000 satuan Scoville. Kelemahan terbesar dari Tes Organoleptik Scoville ialah ketidaktepatannya, karena ia mengandalkan subjektivitas manusia.
Perkembangan analisis belakangan seperti kromatografi cair berperforma tinggi (HPLC) (juga dikenal sebagai "Metode Gillett") kini telah memungkinkan peringkat Scoville ditentukan dengan mengukur kadar kapsaisin secara langsung dan bukan dengan menggunakan rasa.
Daftar tingkatan Scoville
Bahan kimia
| Satuan pedas Scoville | Contoh |
|---|---|
| 16.000.000.000 | Resiniferatoksin |
| 5.300.000.000 | Tinyatoksin |
| 16.000.000 | Kapsaisin |
| 15.000.000 | Dihidrokapsaisin |
| 9.200.000 | Nonivamida |
| 9.100.000 | Nordihidrokapsaisin |
| 8.600.000 | Homokapsaisin, homodihidrokapsaisin |
| 160.000 | Shogaol |
| 100.000 | Piperin |
| 60.000 | Gingerol |
| 16.000 | Kapsiat |
Lada/cabai
Lihat pula
- Schmidt Sting Pain Index untuk membandingkan keseluruhan rasa sakit sengatan serangga
Pranala luar
- Sambail paling pedas dan Peringkat Scoville
- Pepper Facts
- Record for Red Savinas
- Cooking For Engineers: Kitchen Notes: Scoville Units
Referensi
- ↑ Pepper X, Hottest chilli pepper. Guinness World Records Ltd. 2023.
- ↑ Chile experts identify Trinidad Moruga Scorpion as world's hottest. The Daily Telegraph. 2012-02-16.
- ↑ Brett Michael Dykes. World’s hottest pepper is ‘hot enough to strip paint’. Yahoo! News. 3 December 2010.
- ↑ Grantham's Infinity chilli named hottest in world. News. BBC. 2011-02-18.
- ↑ Shaline L. Lopez. NMSU is home to the world's hottest chile pepper. 2007.
- ↑ AP. World's hottest chili pepper a mouthful for prof. CNN. 23 February 2007.
- ↑ Matthew Da Silva, "Aussies grow world's hottest chilli" , Australian Geographic, 12 April 2011
- ↑ UK’s hottest commercially grown chilli pepper goes on sale.
- ↑ World's hottest chile pepper discovered. Bio-Medicine. American Society for Horticultural Science. 26 Oktober 2007.
- ↑ Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale. About.
- ↑ Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale. About.
- ↑ Habanero White. Chile man.
- ↑ The Scoville Scale. Happy stove.
- ↑ Scoville Scale Chart for Hot Sauce and Hot Peppers. Scott Roberts.
- ↑ Scoville Scale Chart for Hot Sauce and Hot Peppers. Scott Roberts.
- ↑ Scoville Scale Chart for Hot Sauce and Hot Peppers. Scott Roberts.
- ↑ Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale. About.
- ↑ Chile Pepper Heat Scoville Scale. About.
- ↑ Scoville hot sauce heat scale. Hot sauce.
- ↑ Anaheim Pepper. Chile Pepper Institute at New Mexico State University. 2007.
Sumber dan atribusi
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, revisi 27460527 (2025-06-25T13:47:19Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.