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Isotop niobium: Perbedaan antara revisi

Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

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37.956 suntingan
Maintenance script (bicara | kontrib)
37.956 suntingan
Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28020813; atribusi sumber disertakan.
 
Maintenance script (bicara | kontrib)
37.956 suntingan
Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi
 
Baris 4: Baris 4:


==Daftar isotop==
==Daftar isotop==
 
|-
 
| rowspan=3|<sup>81</sup>Nb
| rowspan=3|<sup>81</sup>Nb
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 16: Baris 15:
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
 
|-
| p
| p
| <sup>80</sup>Zr
| <sup>80</sup>Zr
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>81</sup>Zr
| <sup>81</sup>Zr
 
|-
| <sup>82</sup>Nb
| <sup>82</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 33: Baris 32:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>83</sup>Nb
| <sup>83</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 44: Baris 43:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>84</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>84</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 55: Baris 54:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (<0,1%)
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (<0,1%)
| <sup>83</sup>Y
| <sup>83</sup>Y
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>84m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>84m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 338(10)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 338(10)&nbsp;keV
Baris 67: Baris 66:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>85</sup>Nb
| <sup>85</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 78: Baris 77:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>85m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>85m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 759,0(10)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 759,0(10)&nbsp;keV
Baris 87: Baris 86:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>86</sup>Nb
| <sup>86</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 98: Baris 97:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>86m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>86m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 250(160)#&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 250(160)#&nbsp;keV
Baris 107: Baris 106:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>87</sup>Nb
| <sup>87</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 118: Baris 117:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>87m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>87m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3,84(14)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3,84(14)&nbsp;keV
Baris 127: Baris 126:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>88</sup>Nb
| <sup>88</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 138: Baris 137:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>88m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>88m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40(140)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40(140)&nbsp;keV
Baris 147: Baris 146:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>89</sup>Nb
| <sup>89</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 158: Baris 157:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>89m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>89m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(30)#&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(30)#&nbsp;keV
Baris 167: Baris 166:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>90</sup>Nb
| <sup>90</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 178: Baris 177:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m1</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m1</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 122,370(22)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 122,370(22)&nbsp;keV
Baris 187: Baris 186:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m2</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m2</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 124,67(25)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 124,67(25)&nbsp;keV
Baris 196: Baris 195:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m3</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m3</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 171,10(10)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 171,10(10)&nbsp;keV
Baris 205: Baris 204:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m4</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m4</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 382,01(25)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 382,01(25)&nbsp;keV
Baris 214: Baris 213:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m5</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m5</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1880,21(20)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1880,21(20)&nbsp;keV
Baris 223: Baris 222:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>91</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>91</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 234: Baris 233:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (0,013%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (0,013%)
| '''<sup>91</sup>Zr'''
| '''<sup>91</sup>Zr'''
 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>91m1</sup>Nb
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>91m1</sup>Nb
| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 104,60(5)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 104,60(5)&nbsp;keV
Baris 246: Baris 245:
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
 
|-
| EC (7%)
| EC (7%)
| '''<sup>91</sup>Zr'''
| '''<sup>91</sup>Zr'''
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (0,0028%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (0,0028%)
| '''<sup>91</sup>Zr'''
| '''<sup>91</sup>Zr'''
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>91m2</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>91m2</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2034,35(19)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2034,35(19)&nbsp;keV
Baris 261: Baris 260:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>92</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>92</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 272: Baris 271:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (0,05%)
| β<sup>−</sup> (0,05%)
| '''<sup>92</sup>Mo'''
| '''<sup>92</sup>Mo'''
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>92m1</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>92m1</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 135,5(4)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 135,5(4)&nbsp;keV
Baris 284: Baris 283:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>92m2</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>92m2</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 225,7(4)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 225,7(4)&nbsp;keV
Baris 293: Baris 292:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>92m3</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>92m3</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2203,3(4)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2203,3(4)&nbsp;keV
Baris 302: Baris 301:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>93</sup>Nb
| <sup>93</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 52
| style="text-align:right" | 52
| 92,9063781(26)
| 92,9063781(26)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stabil'''
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stabil'''<ref>Secara teoritis mampu mengalami fisi spontan, nuklida paling ringan yang mampu</ref>
| 9/2+
| 9/2+
| 1,0000
| 1,0000
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>93m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>93m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30,77(2)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30,77(2)&nbsp;keV
Baris 320: Baris 319:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>94</sup>Nb
| <sup>94</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 331: Baris 330:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>94m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>94m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40,902(12)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40,902(12)&nbsp;keV
Baris 340: Baris 339:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (0,5%)
| β<sup>−</sup> (0,5%)
| '''<sup>94</sup>Mo'''
| '''<sup>94</sup>Mo'''
 
|-
| <sup>95</sup>Nb
| <sup>95</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 354: Baris 353:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>95m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>95m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 235,690(20)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 235,690(20)&nbsp;keV
Baris 363: Baris 362:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (5,6%)
| β<sup>−</sup> (5,6%)
| '''<sup>95</sup>Mo'''
| '''<sup>95</sup>Mo'''
 
|-
| <sup>96</sup>Nb
| <sup>96</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 377: Baris 376:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>97</sup>Nb
| <sup>97</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 388: Baris 387:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>97m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>97m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 743,35(3)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 743,35(3)&nbsp;keV
Baris 397: Baris 396:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>98</sup>Nb
| <sup>98</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 408: Baris 407:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>98m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>98m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 84(4)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 84(4)&nbsp;keV
Baris 417: Baris 416:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| IT (0,1%)
| IT (0,1%)
| <sup>98</sup>Nb
| <sup>98</sup>Nb
 
|-
| <sup>99</sup>Nb
| <sup>99</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 431: Baris 430:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>99m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>99m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 365,29(14)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 365,29(14)&nbsp;keV
Baris 440: Baris 439:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| IT (3,8%)
| IT (3,8%)
| <sup>99</sup>Nb
| <sup>99</sup>Nb
 
|-
| <sup>100</sup>Nb
| <sup>100</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 454: Baris 453:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>100m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>100m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 470(40)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 470(40)&nbsp;keV
Baris 463: Baris 462:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>101</sup>Nb
| <sup>101</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 474: Baris 473:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>102</sup>Nb
| <sup>102</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 485: Baris 484:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>102m</sup>Nb
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>102m</sup>Nb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(50)&nbsp;keV
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(50)&nbsp;keV
Baris 494: Baris 493:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>103</sup>Nb
| <sup>103</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 505: Baris 504:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>104</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>104</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 516: Baris 515:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, [[Emisi neutron|n]] (0,06%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, [[Emisi neutron|n]] (0,06%)
| <sup>103</sup>Mo
| <sup>103</sup>Mo
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>104m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>104m</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 220(120)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 220(120)&nbsp;keV
Baris 528: Baris 527:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (0,05%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (0,05%)
| <sup>103</sup>Mo
| <sup>103</sup>Mo
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>105</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>105</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 542: Baris 541:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (1,7%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (1,7%)
| <sup>104</sup>Mo
| <sup>104</sup>Mo
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>106</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>106</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 556: Baris 555:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (4,5%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (4,5%)
| <sup>105</sup>Mo
| <sup>105</sup>Mo
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>107</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>107</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 570: Baris 569:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (6%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (6%)
| <sup>106</sup>Mo
| <sup>106</sup>Mo
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>108</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>108</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 584: Baris 583:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (6,2%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (6,2%)
| <sup>107</sup>Mo
| <sup>107</sup>Mo
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>109</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>109</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 598: Baris 597:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (69%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (69%)
| <sup>108</sup>Mo
| <sup>108</sup>Mo
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>110</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2|<sup>110</sup>Nb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 612: Baris 611:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (40%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (40%)
| <sup>109</sup>Mo
| <sup>109</sup>Mo
 
|-
| <sup>111</sup>Nb
| <sup>111</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 626: Baris 625:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>112</sup>Nb
| <sup>112</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 637: Baris 636:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>113</sup>Nb
| <sup>113</sup>Nb
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
Baris 648: Baris 647:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>114</sup>Nb
| <sup>114</sup>Nb<ref>Tetsuya Ohnishi. ''Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238 U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon''. ''J. Phys. Soc. Jpn''. Physical Society of Japan. 2010. Vol. 79. hlm. 073201. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201.</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 73
Baris 659: Baris 658:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>115</sup>Nb
| <sup>115</sup>Nb<ref>Tetsuya Ohnishi. ''Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238 U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon''. ''J. Phys. Soc. Jpn''. Physical Society of Japan. 2010. Vol. 79. hlm. 073201. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201.</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 74
Baris 670: Baris 669:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>116</sup>Nb
| <sup>116</sup>Nb<ref>Yohei Shimizu. [https://journals.jps.jp/doi/pdf/10.7566/JPSJ.87.014203 Observation of New Neutron-rich Isotopes among Fission Fragments from In-flight Fission of 345MeV=nucleon 238U: Search for New Isotopes Conducted Concurrently with Decay Measurement Campaigns]. ''Journal of the Physical Society of Japan''. 2018. Vol. 87. hlm. 014203. doi:10.7566/JPSJ.87.014203.</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 75
| style="text-align:right" | 75
Baris 681: Baris 680:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>117</sup>Nb
| <sup>117</sup>Nb<ref>T. Sumikama. [https://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614 Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of Zr110]. ''Physical Review C''. 2021. Vol. 103. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614.</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 76
Baris 692: Baris 691:
|
|
|
|


==Niobium-92==
==Niobium-92==
'''Niobium-92''' adalah [[Radionuklida punah|radionuklida yang telah punah]] dengan [[waktu paruh]] 34,7 juta tahun, meluruh terutama melalui [[Emisi positron|peluruhan β<sup>+</sup>]]. Kelimpahan relatifnya terhadap <sup>93</sup>Nb yang stabil di Tata Surya awal, diperkirakan 1,7, telah diukur untuk menyelidiki asal-usul [[inti-p]]. Isotop ini, bersama dengan <sup>94</sup>Nb, telah terdeteksi dalam sampel halus niobium terestrial dan mungkin berasal dari pemborbardiran oleh [[muon]] [[sinar kosmik]] di kerak Bumi.
'''Niobium-92''' adalah [[Radionuklida punah|radionuklida yang telah punah]]<ref>Tsuyoshi Iizuka. ''The initial abundance and distribution of 92 Nb in the Solar System''. ''Earth and Planetary Science Letters''. 2016. Vol. 439. hlm. 172–181. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.005.</ref> dengan [[waktu paruh]] 34,7 juta tahun, meluruh terutama melalui [[Emisi positron|peluruhan β<sup>+</sup>]]. Kelimpahan relatifnya terhadap <sup>93</sup>Nb yang stabil di Tata Surya awal, diperkirakan 1,7, telah diukur untuk menyelidiki asal-usul [[inti-p]].<ref>Tsuyoshi Iizuka. ''The initial abundance and distribution of 92 Nb in the Solar System''. ''Earth and Planetary Science Letters''. 2016. Vol. 439. hlm. 172–181. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.005.</ref><ref>Y Hibiya. [https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2019/pdf/1781.pdf THE INITIAL ABUNDANCE OF NIOBIUM-92 IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM]. 2019.</ref> Isotop ini, bersama dengan <sup>94</sup>Nb, telah terdeteksi dalam sampel halus niobium terestrial dan mungkin berasal dari pemborbardiran oleh [[muon]] [[sinar kosmik]] di kerak Bumi.<ref>Donald D. Clayton. ''Muon production of 92,94 Nb in the Earth's crust''. ''Nature''. 1977. Vol. 266 (5604). hlm. 712–713. doi:10.1038/266712a0.</ref>
 
==Referensi==
 
* Massa isotop dari:
**
* Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
**
**
* Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
**
**
**
 


== Referensi ==
<references />


== Sumber dan atribusi ==
== Sumber dan atribusi ==


Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+niobium&oldid=28020813 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28020813 (2025-10-16T13:51:45Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+niobium&oldid=28020813 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28020813 (2025-10-16T13:51:45Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.
<!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 -->

Revisi terkini sejak 28 Agustus 2026 04.10

Niobium (41Nb) yang terbentuk secara alami hanya terdiri dari satu isotop stabil, 93Nb; oleh karena itu, niobium adalah unsur monoisotop dan mononuklida. Radioisotop yang paling stabil adalah 92Nb dengan waktu paruh 34,7 juta tahun. Isotop niobium dengan umur terpanjang berikutnya adalah 94Nb (waktu paruh: 20.300 tahun) dan 91Nb dengan waktu paruh 680 tahun. Ada juga keadaan meta 93Nb pada 31 keV yang waktu paruhnya 16,13 tahun. Dua puluh tujuh radioisotop lainnya telah dikarakterisasi. Sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari dua jam, kecuali 95Nb (35 hari), 96Nb (23,4 jam) dan 90Nb (14,6 jam). Mode peluruhan utama sebelum 93Nb yang stabil adalah penangkapan elektron dan mode utama setelahnya adalah emisi beta dengan beberapa emisi neutron yang terjadi pada 104–110Nb.

Hanya 95Nb (35 hari) dan 97Nb (72 menit) dan isotop yang lebih berat (waktu paruh dalam detik) yang merupakan produk fisi dalam jumlah yang signifikan, karena isotop lainnya dibayangi oleh isotop stabil atau berumur sangat panjang (93Zr) dari unsur sebelumnya, zirkonium dari produksi melalui peluruhan beta dari fragmen fisi yang kaya neutron. 95Nb adalah produk peluruhan dari 95Zr (64 hari), jadi hilangnya 95Nb dalam bahan bakar nuklir bekas lebih lambat daripada yang diperkirakan dari waktu paruh 35 hari. Sejumlah kecil isotop lain dapat diproduksi sebagai produk fisi langsung.

Daftar isotop

|- | rowspan=3|81Nb | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=3|80,94903(161)# | rowspan=3|<44 ndtk | β+, p | 80Y | rowspan=3|3/2−# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | p | 80Zr |- | β+ | 81Zr |- | 82Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 41 | 81,94313(32)# | 51(5) mdtk | β+ | 82Zr | 0+ | | |- | 83Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 42 | 82,93671(34) | 4,1(3) dtk | β+ | 83Zr | (5/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2|84Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 43 | rowspan=2|83,93357(32)# | rowspan=2|9,8(9) dtk | β+ (>99,9%) | 84Zr | rowspan=2|3+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, p (<0,1%) | 83Y |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 84mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 338(10) keV | 103(19) ndtk | | | (5−) | | |- | 85Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 44 | 84,92791(24) | 20,9(7) dtk | β+ | 85Zr | (9/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 85mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 759,0(10) keV | 12(5) dtk | | | (1/2−) | | |- | 86Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 45 | 85,92504(9) | 88(1) dtk | β+ | 86Zr | (6+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 86mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 250(160)# keV | 56(8) dtk | β+ | 86Zr | tinggi | | |- | 87Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 46 | 86,92036(7) | 3,75(9) mnt | β+ | 87Zr | (1/2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 87mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3,84(14) keV | 2,6(1) mnt | β+ | 87Zr | (9/2+)# | | |- | 88Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 47 | 87,91833(11) | 14,55(6) mnt | β+ | 88Zr | (8+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 88mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40(140) keV | 7,8(1) mnt | β+ | 88Zr | (4−) | | |- | 89Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 48 | 88,913418(29) | 2,03(7) jam | β+ | 89Zr | (9/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 89mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(30)# keV | 1,10(3) jam | β+ | 89Zr | (1/2)− | | |- | 90Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 49 | 89,911265(5) | 14,60(5) jam | β+ | 90Zr | 8+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 90m1Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 122,370(22) keV | 63(2) μdtk | | | 6+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 90m2Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 124,67(25) keV | 18,81(6) dtk | IT | 90Nb | 4- | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 90m3Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 171,10(10) keV | <1 μdtk | | | 7+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 90m4Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 382,01(25) keV | 6,19(8) mdtk | | | 1+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 90m5Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1880,21(20) keV | 472(13) ndtk | | | (11−) | | |- | rowspan=2|91Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50 | rowspan=2|90,906996(4) | rowspan=2|680(130) thn | EC (99,98%) | 91Zr | rowspan=2|9/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (0,013%) | 91Zr |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 91m1Nb | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 104,60(5) keV | rowspan=3|60,86(22) hri | IT (93%) | 91Nb | rowspan=3|1/2− | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | EC (7%) | 91Zr |- | β+ (0,0028%) | 91Zr |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 91m2Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2034,35(19) keV | 3,76(12) μdtk | | | (17/2−) | | |- | rowspan=2|92Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 51 | rowspan=2|91,907194(3) | rowspan=2|3,47(24) thn | β+ (99,95%) | 92Zr | rowspan=2|(7)+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β− (0,05%) | 92Mo |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 92m1Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 135,5(4) keV | 10,15(2) hri | β+ | 92Zr | (2)+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 92m2Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 225,7(4) keV | 5,9(2) μdtk | | | (2)− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 92m3Nb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2203,3(4) keV | 167(4) ndtk | | | (11−) | | |- | 93Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 52 | 92,9063781(26) | colspan=3 align=center|Stabil[1] | 9/2+ | 1,0000 | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 93mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30,77(2) keV | 16,13(14) thn | IT | 93Nb | 1/2− | | |- | 94Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 53 | 93,9072839(26) | 203(16) thn | β− | 94Mo | (6)+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 94mNb | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40,902(12) keV | rowspan=2|6,263(4) mnt | IT (99,5%) | 94Nb | rowspan=2|3+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β− (0,5%) | 94Mo |- | 95Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 54 | 94,9068358(21) | 34,991(6) hri | β− | 95Mo | 9/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 95mNb | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 235,690(20) keV | rowspan=2|3,61(3) hri | IT (94,4%) | 95Nb | rowspan=2|1/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β− (5,6%) | 95Mo |- | 96Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 55 | 95,908101(4) | 23,35(5) jam | β− | 96Mo | 6+ | | |- | 97Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 56 | 96,9080986(27) | 72,1(7) mnt | β− | 97Mo | 9/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 97mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 743,35(3) keV | 52,7(18) dtk | IT | 97Nb | 1/2− | | |- | 98Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 57 | 97,910328(6) | 2,86(6) dtk | β− | 98Mo | 1+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 98mNb | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 84(4) keV | rowspan=2|51,3(4) mnt | β− (99,9%) | 98Mo | rowspan=2|(5+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (0,1%) | 98Nb |- | 99Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 58 | 98,911618(14) | 15,0(2) dtk | β− | 99Mo | 9/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 99mNb | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 365,29(14) keV | rowspan=2|2,6(2) mnt | β− (96,2%) | 99Mo | rowspan=2|1/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (3,8%) | 99Nb |- | 100Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 59 | 99,914182(28) | 1,5(2) dtk | β− | 100Mo | 1+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 100mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 470(40) keV | 2,99(11) dtk | β− | 100Mo | (4+, 5+) | | |- | 101Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 60 | 100,915252(20) | 7,1(3) dtk | β− | 101Mo | (5/2#)+ | | |- | 102Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 61 | 101,91804(4) | 1,3(2) dtk | β− | 102Mo | 1+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 102mNb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(50) keV | 4,3(4) dtk | β− | 102Mo | tinggi | | |- | 103Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 62 | 102,91914(7) | 1,5(2) dtk | β− | 103Mo | (5/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2|104Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 63 | rowspan=2|103,92246(11) | rowspan=2|4,9(3) dtk | β− (99,94%) | 104Mo | rowspan=2|(1+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (0,06%) | 103Mo |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 104mNb | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 220(120) keV | rowspan=2|940(40) mdtk | β− (99,95%) | 104Mo | rowspan=2|tinggi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (0,05%) | 103Mo |- | rowspan=2|105Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 64 | rowspan=2|104,92394(11) | rowspan=2|2,95(6) dtk | β− (98,3%) | 105Mo | rowspan=2|(5/2+)# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (1,7%) | 104Mo |- | rowspan=2|106Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 65 | rowspan=2|105,92797(21)# | rowspan=2|920(40) mdtk | β− (95,5%) | 106Mo | rowspan=2|2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (4,5%) | 105Mo |- | rowspan=2|107Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66 | rowspan=2|106,93031(43)# | rowspan=2|300(9) mdtk | β− (94%) | 107Mo | rowspan=2|5/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (6%) | 106Mo |- | rowspan=2|108Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 67 | rowspan=2|107,93484(32)# | rowspan=2|0,193(17) dtk | β− (93,8%) | 108Mo | rowspan=2|(2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (6,2%) | 107Mo |- | rowspan=2|109Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 68 | rowspan=2|108,93763(54)# | rowspan=2|190(30) mdtk | β− (69%) | 109Mo | rowspan=2|5/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (69%) | 108Mo |- | rowspan=2|110Nb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 69 | rowspan=2|109,94244(54)# | rowspan=2|170(20) mdtk | β− (60%) | 110Mo | rowspan=2|2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (40%) | 109Mo |- | 111Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 70 | 110,94565(54)# | 80# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | | | 5/2+# | | |- | 112Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 71 | 111,95083(75)# | 60# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | | | 2+# | | |- | 113Nb | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 72 | 112,95470(86)# | 30# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | | | 5/2+# | | |- | 114Nb[2] | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 73 | | | | | | | |- | 115Nb[3] | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 74 | | | | | | | |- | 116Nb[4] | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 75 | | | | | | | |- | 117Nb[5] | style="text-align:right" | 41 | style="text-align:right" | 76 | | | | | | |

Niobium-92

Niobium-92 adalah radionuklida yang telah punah[6] dengan waktu paruh 34,7 juta tahun, meluruh terutama melalui peluruhan β+. Kelimpahan relatifnya terhadap 93Nb yang stabil di Tata Surya awal, diperkirakan 1,7, telah diukur untuk menyelidiki asal-usul inti-p.[7][8] Isotop ini, bersama dengan 94Nb, telah terdeteksi dalam sampel halus niobium terestrial dan mungkin berasal dari pemborbardiran oleh muon sinar kosmik di kerak Bumi.[9]

Referensi

  1. ↑ Secara teoritis mampu mengalami fisi spontan, nuklida paling ringan yang mampu
  2. ↑ Tetsuya Ohnishi. Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238 U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Physical Society of Japan. 2010. Vol. 79. hlm. 073201. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201.
  3. ↑ Tetsuya Ohnishi. Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238 U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Physical Society of Japan. 2010. Vol. 79. hlm. 073201. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201.
  4. ↑ Yohei Shimizu. Observation of New Neutron-rich Isotopes among Fission Fragments from In-flight Fission of 345MeV=nucleon 238U: Search for New Isotopes Conducted Concurrently with Decay Measurement Campaigns. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 2018. Vol. 87. hlm. 014203. doi:10.7566/JPSJ.87.014203.
  5. ↑ T. Sumikama. Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of Zr110. Physical Review C. 2021. Vol. 103. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614.
  6. ↑ Tsuyoshi Iizuka. The initial abundance and distribution of 92 Nb in the Solar System. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2016. Vol. 439. hlm. 172–181. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.005.
  7. ↑ Tsuyoshi Iizuka. The initial abundance and distribution of 92 Nb in the Solar System. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2016. Vol. 439. hlm. 172–181. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.005.
  8. ↑ Y Hibiya. THE INITIAL ABUNDANCE OF NIOBIUM-92 IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM. 2019.
  9. ↑ Donald D. Clayton. Muon production of 92,94 Nb in the Earth's crust. Nature. 1977. Vol. 266 (5604). hlm. 712–713. doi:10.1038/266712a0.

Sumber dan atribusi

Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, revisi 28020813 (2025-10-16T13:51:45Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.


Diperoleh dari "https://wiki.unissula.ac.id/index.php?title=Isotop_niobium&oldid=21251"