Isotop talium: Perbedaan antara revisi
Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 21366740; atribusi sumber disertakan. |
Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi |
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[[File:Decay_Chain(4n+1,_Neptunium_Series).svg|thumb|right|280px|Decay Chain(4n+1, Neptunium Series)]] | |||
'''[[Talium]]''' ('''<sub>81</sub>Tl''') memiliki 41 [[isotop]] dengan [[massa atom]] berkisar antara 176 hingga 216. Talium memiliki dua [[isotop stabil]], <sup>203</sup>Tl dan <sup>205</sup>Tl. <sup>204</sup>Tl adalah [[Radionuklida|radioisotop]] talium yang paling stabil dengan [[waktu paruh]] 3,78 tahun. <sup>207</sup>Tl, dengan waktu paruh 4,77 menit, memiliki waktu paruh terpanjang dari semua radioisotop talium alami. Semua isotop talium bersifat [[Peluruhan radioaktif|radioaktif]] atau [[stabil secara pengamatan]], artinya mereka diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati. | '''[[Talium]]''' ('''<sub>81</sub>Tl''') memiliki 41 [[isotop]] dengan [[massa atom]] berkisar antara 176 hingga 216. Talium memiliki dua [[isotop stabil]], <sup>203</sup>Tl dan <sup>205</sup>Tl. <sup>204</sup>Tl adalah [[Radionuklida|radioisotop]] talium yang paling stabil dengan [[waktu paruh]] 3,78 tahun. <sup>207</sup>Tl, dengan waktu paruh 4,77 menit, memiliki waktu paruh terpanjang dari semua radioisotop talium alami. Semua isotop talium bersifat [[Peluruhan radioaktif|radioaktif]] atau [[stabil secara pengamatan]], artinya mereka diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati. | ||
<sup>202</sup>Tl (waktu paruh 12,23 hari) dapat dibuat dalam [[siklotron]] sedangkan <sup>204</sup>Tl (waktu paruh 3,78 tahun) dibuat dengan [[Pengaktifan neutron|aktivasi neutron]] dari talium stabil dalam [[reaktor nuklir]]. | <sup>202</sup>Tl (waktu paruh 12,23 hari) dapat dibuat dalam [[siklotron]]<ref>[http://www.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/histories/0472/0472d.html Thallium Research]. ''doe.gov''. Departemen Energi AS.</ref> sedangkan <sup>204</sup>Tl (waktu paruh 3,78 tahun) dibuat dengan [[Pengaktifan neutron|aktivasi neutron]] dari talium stabil dalam [[reaktor nuklir]].<ref>[http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1340_web.pdf Manual untuk radioisotop yang diproduksi oleh reaktor] dari Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional</ref> | ||
Dalam keadaan terionisasi penuh, isotop <sup>205</sup>Tl dapat menjadi radioaktif, meluruh melalui [[peluruhan beta]] menjadi [[timbal-205|<sup>205</sup>Pb]], | Dalam keadaan terionisasi penuh, isotop <sup>205</sup>Tl dapat menjadi radioaktif, meluruh melalui [[peluruhan beta]] menjadi [[timbal-205|<sup>205</sup>Pb]],<ref>[http://www.ca.infn.it/~oldeman/resneu/p1522_1.pdf Bound-state beta decay of highly ionized atoms].</ref> tetapi <sup>203</sup>Tl tetap stabil. | ||
<sup>205</sup>Tl merupakan [[produk peluruhan]] dari [[bismut-209|<sup>209</sup>Bi]], sebuah isotop yang pernah dianggap stabil tetapi sekarang diketahui mengalami [[peluruhan alfa]] dengan waktu paruh yang sangat panjang, yaitu 2,01 tahun.<ref>P. Marcillac. ''Experimental detection of α-particles from the radioactive decay of natural bismuth''. ''Nature''. 2003. Vol. 422 (6934). hlm. 876–878. doi:10.1038/nature01541.</ref> <sup>205</sup>Tl berada di ujung [[Deret radioaktif|rantai peluruhan]] [[Deret radioaktif#Deret neptunium|deret]] [[neptunium]]. | |||
==Daftar isotop== | ==Daftar isotop== | ||
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| <sup>176</sup>Tl | | <sup>176</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 22: | Baris 22: | ||
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| rowspan=2|<sup>177</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>177</sup>Tl | ||
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| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| [[Peluruhan alfa|α]] (langka) | | [[Peluruhan alfa|α]] (langka) | ||
| <sup>173</sup>Au | | <sup>173</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 47: | Baris 47: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| α | | α | ||
| <sup>173</sup>Au | | <sup>173</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>178</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>178</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 62: | Baris 62: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| p (langka) | | p (langka) | ||
| <sup>177</sup>Hg | | <sup>177</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>179</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>179</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 77: | Baris 77: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| p (langka) | | p (langka) | ||
| <sup>178</sup>Hg | | <sup>178</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 90: | Baris 90: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| [[Transisi isomerik|IT]] (langka) | | [[Transisi isomerik|IT]] (langka) | ||
| <sup>179</sup>Tl | | <sup>179</sup>Tl | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=3|<sup>180</sup>Tl | | rowspan=3|<sup>180</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
| Baris 105: | Baris 105: | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
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| [[Peluruhan beta|β<sup>+</sup>]] (25%) | | [[Peluruhan beta|β<sup>+</sup>]] (25%) | ||
| <sup>180</sup>Hg | | <sup>180</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| EC, fisi (10<sup>−4</sup>%) | | EC, fisi (10<sup>−4</sup>%) | ||
| '''<sup>100</sup>Ru''', '''<sup>80</sup>Kr''' | | '''<sup>100</sup>Ru''', '''<sup>80</sup>Kr'''<ref>E. S. Reich. [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mercury-serves-up-a-nuclear-su/ Mercury serves up a nuclear surprise: a new type of fission]. ''Scientific American''. 2010.</ref> | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>181</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>181</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 123: | Baris 123: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>+</sup> | | β<sup>+</sup> | ||
| <sup>181</sup>Hg | | <sup>181</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>181m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>181m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 136: | Baris 136: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>+</sup> | | β<sup>+</sup> | ||
| <sup>181</sup>Hg | | <sup>181</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>182</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>182</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 151: | Baris 151: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| α (4%) | | α (4%) | ||
| <sup>178</sup>Au | | <sup>178</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m1</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m1</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 164: | Baris 164: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>+</sup> (langka) | | β<sup>+</sup> (langka) | ||
| <sup>182</sup>Hg | | <sup>182</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m2</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 177: | Baris 177: | ||
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|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>183</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>183</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 189: | Baris 189: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
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| α (2%) | | α (2%) | ||
| <sup>179</sup>Au | | <sup>179</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m1</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m1</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 202: | Baris 202: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
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| α (0,01%) | | α (0,01%) | ||
| <sup>179</sup>Au | | <sup>179</sup>Au | ||
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m2</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 215: | Baris 215: | ||
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| <sup>184</sup>Tl | | <sup>184</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 227: | Baris 227: | ||
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| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m1</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m1</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 237: | Baris 237: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| α (2,1%) | | α (2,1%) | ||
| <sup>180</sup>Au | | <sup>180</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m2</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m2</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 250: | Baris 250: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| α (0,089%) | | α (0,089%) | ||
| <sup>180</sup>Au | | <sup>180</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>185</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>185</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 265: | Baris 265: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>+</sup> | | β<sup>+</sup> | ||
| <sup>185</sup>Hg | | <sup>185</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>185m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>185m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
| Baris 278: | Baris 278: | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
|- | |||
| α (0,01%) | | α (0,01%) | ||
| <sup>181</sup>Au | | <sup>181</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>+</sup> | | β<sup>+</sup> | ||
| <sup>185</sup>Hg | | <sup>185</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>186</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>186</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 296: | Baris 296: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| α (0,006%) | | α (0,006%) | ||
| <sup>182</sup>Au | | <sup>182</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m1</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m1</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 309: | Baris 309: | ||
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m2</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 319: | Baris 319: | ||
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|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>187</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>187</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 331: | Baris 331: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| α (langka) | | α (langka) | ||
| <sup>183</sup>Au | | <sup>183</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>187m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>187m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
| Baris 344: | Baris 344: | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
| rowspan=3| | | rowspan=3| | ||
|- | |||
| IT | | IT | ||
| <sup>187</sup>Tl | | <sup>187</sup>Tl | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>+</sup> | | β<sup>+</sup> | ||
| <sup>187</sup>Hg | | <sup>187</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>188</sup>Tl | | <sup>188</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 362: | Baris 362: | ||
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|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>188m1</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>188m1</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 372: | Baris 372: | ||
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|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>188m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>188m2</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 382: | Baris 382: | ||
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|- | |||
| <sup>189</sup>Tl | | <sup>189</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 394: | Baris 394: | ||
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|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>189m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>189m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 404: | Baris 404: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| IT (4%) | | IT (4%) | ||
| <sup>189</sup>Tl | | <sup>189</sup>Tl | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>190</sup>Tl | | <sup>190</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 419: | Baris 419: | ||
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|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m1</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m1</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 429: | Baris 429: | ||
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|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m2</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 439: | Baris 439: | ||
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|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m3</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m3</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 449: | Baris 449: | ||
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|- | |||
| <sup>191</sup>Tl | | <sup>191</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 461: | Baris 461: | ||
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|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>191m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>191m</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 471: | Baris 471: | ||
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|- | |||
| <sup>192</sup>Tl | | <sup>192</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 483: | Baris 483: | ||
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|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>192m1</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>192m1</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 493: | Baris 493: | ||
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|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>192m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>192m2</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 503: | Baris 503: | ||
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|- | |||
| <sup>193</sup>Tl | | <sup>193</sup>Tl | ||
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| Baris 515: | Baris 515: | ||
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|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>193m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>193m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 525: | Baris 525: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>+</sup> (25%) | | β<sup>+</sup> (25%) | ||
| <sup>193</sup>Hg | | <sup>193</sup>Hg | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>194</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>194</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 540: | Baris 540: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| α (10<sup>−7</sup>%) | | α (10<sup>−7</sup>%) | ||
| <sup>190</sup>Au | | <sup>190</sup>Au | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>194m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>194m</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 553: | Baris 553: | ||
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|- | |||
| <sup>195</sup>Tl | | <sup>195</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 565: | Baris 565: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>195m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>195m</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 575: | Baris 575: | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>196</sup>Tl | | <sup>196</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 587: | Baris 587: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>196m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>196m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 597: | Baris 597: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| IT (4,5%) | | IT (4,5%) | ||
| <sup>196</sup>Tl | | <sup>196</sup>Tl | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>197</sup>Tl | | <sup>197</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 612: | Baris 612: | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 622: | Baris 622: | ||
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|- | |||
| <sup>198</sup>Tl | | <sup>198</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 634: | Baris 634: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m1</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m1</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 644: | Baris 644: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| IT (46%) | | IT (46%) | ||
| <sup>198</sup>Tl | | <sup>198</sup>Tl | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m2</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 657: | Baris 657: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m3</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m3</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 667: | Baris 667: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>199</sup>Tl | | <sup>199</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 679: | Baris 679: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>199m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>199m</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 689: | Baris 689: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>200</sup>Tl | | <sup>200</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 701: | Baris 701: | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>200m1</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>200m1</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 711: | Baris 711: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>200m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>200m2</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 721: | Baris 721: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>201</sup>Tl | | <sup>201</sup>Tl<ref>Isotop utama yang digunakan dalam skintigrafi</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | ||
| Baris 733: | Baris 733: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 743: | Baris 743: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>202</sup>Tl | | <sup>202</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 755: | Baris 755: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>202m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>202m</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 765: | Baris 765: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>203</sup>Tl | | <sup>203</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 771: | Baris 771: | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 122 | | style="text-align:right" | 122 | ||
| 202,9723442(14) | | 202,9723442(14) | ||
| colspan=3 align=center|'''[[Stabil Secara Pengamatan]]''' | | colspan=3 align=center|'''[[Stabil Secara Pengamatan]]'''<ref>Diyakini mengalami peluruhan α menjadi 199 Au</ref> | ||
| 1/2+ | | 1/2+ | ||
| 0,2952(1) | | 0,2952(1) | ||
| 0,29494–0,29528 | | 0,29494–0,29528 | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>203m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>203m</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 785: | Baris 785: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>204</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>204</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 797: | Baris 797: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| EC (2,9%) | | EC (2,9%) | ||
| '''<sup>204</sup>Hg''' | | '''<sup>204</sup>Hg''' | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m1</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m1</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 810: | Baris 810: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m2</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 820: | Baris 820: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m3</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m3</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 830: | Baris 830: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>205</sup>Tl | | <sup>205</sup>Tl<ref>Produk peluruhan akhir dari rantai peluruhan 4n+1 (deret neptunium)</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 81 | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | ||
| style="text-align:right" | 124 | | style="text-align:right" | 124 | ||
| 204,9744275(14) | | 204,9744275(14) | ||
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stabil Secara Pengamatan''' | | colspan=3 align=center|'''Stabil Secara Pengamatan'''<ref>Diyakini mengalami peluruhan α menjadi 201 Au</ref> | ||
| 1/2+ | | 1/2+ | ||
| 0,7048(1) | | 0,7048(1) | ||
| 0,70472–0,70506 | | 0,70472–0,70506 | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>205m1</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>205m1</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 850: | Baris 850: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>205m2</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>205m2</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 860: | Baris 860: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>206</sup>Tl | | <sup>206</sup>Tl | ||
| Radium E'' | | Radium E'' | ||
| Baris 870: | Baris 870: | ||
| '''<sup>206</sup>Pb''' | | '''<sup>206</sup>Pb''' | ||
| 0− | | 0− | ||
| Renik | | Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 238 U</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>206m</sup>Tl | | style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>206m</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 882: | Baris 882: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>207</sup>Tl | | <sup>207</sup>Tl | ||
| Aktinium C'' | | Aktinium C'' | ||
| Baris 892: | Baris 892: | ||
| '''<sup>207</sup>Pb''' | | '''<sup>207</sup>Pb''' | ||
| 1/2+ | | 1/2+ | ||
| Renik | | Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 235 U</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>207m</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>207m</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 904: | Baris 904: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>−</sup> (0,1%) | | β<sup>−</sup> (0,1%) | ||
| '''<sup>207</sup>Pb''' | | '''<sup>207</sup>Pb''' | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>208</sup>Tl | | <sup>208</sup>Tl | ||
| Torium C" | | Torium C" | ||
| Baris 917: | Baris 917: | ||
| '''<sup>208</sup>Pb''' | | '''<sup>208</sup>Pb''' | ||
| 5+ | | 5+ | ||
| Renik | | Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 232 Th</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| <sup>209</sup>Tl | | <sup>209</sup>Tl | ||
| | | | ||
| Baris 929: | Baris 929: | ||
| <sup>209</sup>Pb | | <sup>209</sup>Pb | ||
| 1/2+ | | 1/2+ | ||
| Renik | | Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 237 Np</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>210</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>210</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2|Radium C″ | | rowspan=2|Radium C″ | ||
| Baris 941: | Baris 941: | ||
| <sup>210</sup>Pb | | <sup>210</sup>Pb | ||
| rowspan=2|(5+)# | | rowspan=2|(5+)# | ||
| rowspan=2| Renik | | rowspan=2| Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 238 U</ref> | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>−</sup>, [[Emisi neutron|n]] (0,009%) | | β<sup>−</sup>, [[Emisi neutron|n]] (0,009%) | ||
| <sup>209</sup>Pb | | <sup>209</sup>Pb | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>211</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>211</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 958: | Baris 958: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (2,2%) | | β<sup>−</sup>, n (2,2%) | ||
| <sup>210</sup>Pb | | <sup>210</sup>Pb | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>212</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>212</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 973: | Baris 973: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (1,8%) | | β<sup>−</sup>, n (1,8%) | ||
| <sup>211</sup>Pb | | <sup>211</sup>Pb | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>213</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>213</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 988: | Baris 988: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (7,6%) | | β<sup>−</sup>, n (7,6%) | ||
| <sup>212</sup>Pb | | <sup>212</sup>Pb | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>214</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>214</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 1.003: | Baris 1.003: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (34%) | | β<sup>−</sup>, n (34%) | ||
| <sup>213</sup>Pb | | <sup>213</sup>Pb | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>215</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>215</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 1.018: | Baris 1.018: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (4,6%) | | β<sup>−</sup>, n (4,6%) | ||
| <sup>214</sup>Pb | | <sup>214</sup>Pb | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2|<sup>216</sup>Tl | | rowspan=2|<sup>216</sup>Tl | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| Baris 1.033: | Baris 1.033: | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
|- | |||
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (<11,5%) | | β<sup>−</sup>, n (<11,5%) | ||
| <sup>215</sup>Pb | | <sup>215</sup>Pb | ||
==Talium-201== | ==Talium-201== | ||
'''Talium-201''' (<sup>201</sup>Tl) adalah sebuah [[radioisotop sintetis]] talium. Ia memiliki [[waktu paruh]] 73 jam dan meluruh dengan [[Penangkapan elektron|menangkap elektron]], memancarkan sinar-X (~70–80 keV), dan foton 135 dan 167 keV dalam kelimpahan total 10%. <sup>201</sup>Tl disintesis oleh [[pengaktifan neutron|aktivasi neutron]] talium stabil dalam [[reaktor nuklir]], atau dengan reaksi nuklir <sup>203</sup>Tl(p, 3n)<sup>201</sup>Pb di dalam [[siklotron]], karena [[Timbal-201|<sup>201</sup>Pb]] secara alami meluruh menjadi <sup>201</sup>Tl sesudahnya. Ia merupakan [[radiofarmasi]], karena memiliki karakteristik pencitraan yang baik tanpa dosis radiasi pasien yang berlebihan. Ia juga merupakan isotop paling populer yang digunakan untuk [[iskemia koroner]] inti talium. | '''Talium-201''' (<sup>201</sup>Tl) adalah sebuah [[radioisotop sintetis]] talium. Ia memiliki [[waktu paruh]] 73 jam dan meluruh dengan [[Penangkapan elektron|menangkap elektron]], memancarkan sinar-X (~70–80 keV), dan foton 135 dan 167 keV dalam kelimpahan total 10%.<ref>[https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+talium&oldid=21366740 sumber pada Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia]</ref> <sup>201</sup>Tl disintesis oleh [[pengaktifan neutron|aktivasi neutron]] talium stabil dalam [[reaktor nuklir]],<ref>[https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+talium&oldid=21366740 sumber pada Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia]</ref><ref>[http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1340_web.pdf Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes]. Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional. 2003.</ref> atau dengan reaksi nuklir <sup>203</sup>Tl(p, 3n)<sup>201</sup>Pb di dalam [[siklotron]], karena [[Timbal-201|<sup>201</sup>Pb]] secara alami meluruh menjadi <sup>201</sup>Tl sesudahnya.<ref>[https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/trs465_web.pdf Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Principles and Practice]. Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional. 2008. ISBN 9789201002082.</ref> Ia merupakan [[radiofarmasi]], karena memiliki karakteristik pencitraan yang baik tanpa dosis radiasi pasien yang berlebihan. Ia juga merupakan isotop paling populer yang digunakan untuk [[iskemia koroner]] inti talium.<ref>Jamshid Maddahi. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CqQgnHrDxrUC&pg=PA173 Cardiac SPECT imaging]. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001. hlm. 155–178. ISBN 978-0-7817-2007-6.</ref> | ||
== | |||
== Referensi == | |||
<references /> | |||
== Sumber dan atribusi == | |||
== | Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+talium&oldid=21366740 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 21366740 (2022-07-12T06:49:22Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Gambar pada artikel ini bersumber dari Wikimedia Commons dan mengikuti ketentuan lisensi masing-masing berkas. Mohon gunakan konten dan media secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku. | ||
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Revisi terkini sejak 28 Agustus 2026 08.56
Talium (81Tl) memiliki 41 isotop dengan massa atom berkisar antara 176 hingga 216. Talium memiliki dua isotop stabil, 203Tl dan 205Tl. 204Tl adalah radioisotop talium yang paling stabil dengan waktu paruh 3,78 tahun. 207Tl, dengan waktu paruh 4,77 menit, memiliki waktu paruh terpanjang dari semua radioisotop talium alami. Semua isotop talium bersifat radioaktif atau stabil secara pengamatan, artinya mereka diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.
202Tl (waktu paruh 12,23 hari) dapat dibuat dalam siklotron[1] sedangkan 204Tl (waktu paruh 3,78 tahun) dibuat dengan aktivasi neutron dari talium stabil dalam reaktor nuklir.[2]
Dalam keadaan terionisasi penuh, isotop 205Tl dapat menjadi radioaktif, meluruh melalui peluruhan beta menjadi 205Pb,[3] tetapi 203Tl tetap stabil.
205Tl merupakan produk peluruhan dari 209Bi, sebuah isotop yang pernah dianggap stabil tetapi sekarang diketahui mengalami peluruhan alfa dengan waktu paruh yang sangat panjang, yaitu 2,01 tahun.[4] 205Tl berada di ujung rantai peluruhan deret neptunium.
Daftar isotop
|- | 176Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 95 | 176,00059(21)# | 5,2(+30−14) mdtk | | | (3−, 4−, 5−) | | |- | rowspan=2|177Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96 | rowspan=2|176,996427(27) | rowspan=2|18(5) mdtk | p | 176Hg | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (langka) | 173Au |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 177mTl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 807(18) keV | rowspan=2|230(40) μs | p | 176Hg | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α | 173Au |- | rowspan=2|178Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97 | rowspan=2|177,99490(12)# | rowspan=2|255(10) mdtk | α | 174Au | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | p (langka) | 177Hg |- | rowspan=2|179Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98 | rowspan=2|178,99109(5) | rowspan=2|270(30) mdtk | α | 175Au | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | p (langka) | 178Hg |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 179mTl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 860(30)# keV | rowspan=2|1,60(16) mdtk | α | 175Au | rowspan=2|(9/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (langka) | 179Tl |- | rowspan=3|180Tl | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 99 | rowspan=3|179,98991(13)# | rowspan=3|1,5(2) dtk | α (75%) | 176Au | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β+ (25%) | 180Hg |- | EC, fisi (10−4%) | 100Ru, 80Kr[5] |- | rowspan=2|181Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100 | rowspan=2|180,986257(10) | rowspan=2|3,2(3) dtk | α | 177Au | rowspan=2|1/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ | 181Hg |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 181mTl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 857(29) keV | rowspan=2|1,7(4) mdtk | α | 177Au | rowspan=2|9/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ | 181Hg |- | rowspan=2|182Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101 | rowspan=2|181,98567(8) | rowspan=2|2,0(3) dtk | β+ (96%) | 182Hg | rowspan=2|2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (4%) | 178Au |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 182m1Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)# keV | rowspan=2|2,9(5) dtk | α | 178Au | rowspan=2|(7+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (langka) | 182Hg |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 182m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 600(140)# keV | | | | 10− | | |- | rowspan=2|183Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102 | rowspan=2|182,982193(10) | rowspan=2|6,9(7) dtk | β+ (98%) | 183Hg | rowspan=2|1/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (2%) | 179Au |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 183m1Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 630(17) keV | rowspan=2|53,3(3) mdtk | IT (99,99%) | 183Tl | rowspan=2|9/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,01%) | 179Au |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 183m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 976,8(3) keV | 1,48(10) μdtk | | | (13/2+) | | |- | 184Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 103 | 183,98187(5) | 9,7(6) dtk | β+ | 184Hg | 2−# | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 184m1Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)# keV | rowspan=2|10# dtk | β+ (97,9%) | 184Hg | rowspan=2|7+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (2,1%) | 180Au |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 184m2Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 500(140)# keV | rowspan=2| 47,1 mdtk | IT (99,911%) | | rowspan=2|(10−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,089%) | 180Au |- | rowspan=2|185Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104 | rowspan=2|184,97879(6) | rowspan=2|19,5(5) dtk | α | 181Au | rowspan=2|1/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ | 185Hg |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 185mTl | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 452,8(20) keV | rowspan=3|1,93(8) dtk | IT (99,99%) | 185Tl | rowspan=3|9/2−# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | α (0,01%) | 181Au |- | β+ | 185Hg |- | rowspan=2|186Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105 | rowspan=2|185,97833(20) | rowspan=2|40# dtk | β+ | 186Hg | rowspan=2|(2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,006%) | 182Au |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 186m1Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 320(180) keV | 27,5(10) dtk | β+ | 186Hg | (7+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 186m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 690(180) keV | 2,9(2) dtk | | | (10−) | | |- | rowspan=2|187Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106 | rowspan=2|186,975906(9) | rowspan=2|~51 dtk | β+ | 187Hg | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (langka) | 183Au |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 187mTl | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 335(3) keV | rowspan=3|15,60(12) dtk | α | 183Au | rowspan=3|(9/2−) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | IT | 187Tl |- | β+ | 187Hg |- | 188Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 107 | 187,97601(4) | 71(2) dtk | β+ | 188Hg | (2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 188m1Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 40(30) keV | 71(1) dtk | β+ | 188Hg | (7+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 188m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 310(30) keV | 41(4) mdtk | | | (9−) | | |- | 189Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 108 | 188,973588(12) | 2,3(2) mnt | β+ | 189Hg | (1/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 189mTl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 257,6(13) keV | rowspan=2|1,4(1) mnt | β+ (96%) | 189Hg | rowspan=2|(9/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (4%) | 189Tl |- | 190Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 109 | 189,97388(5) | 2,6(3) mnt | β+ | 190Hg | 2(−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 190m1Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(90)# keV | 3,7(3) mnt | β+ | 190Hg | 7(+#) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 190m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 290(70)# keV | 750(40) μdtk | | | (8−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 190m3Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 410(70)# keV | >1 μdtk | | | 9− | | |- | 191Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 110 | 190,971786(8) | 20# mnt | β+ | 191Hg | (1/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 191mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 297(7) keV | 5,22(16) mnt | β+ | 191Hg | 9/2(−) | | |- | 192Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 111 | 191,97223(3) | 9,6(4) mnt | β+ | 192Hg | (2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 160(50) keV | 10,8(2) mnt | β+ | 192Hg | (7+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 407(54) keV | 296(5) ndtk | | | (8−) | | |- | 193Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 112 | 192,97067(12) | 21,6(8) mnt | β+ | 193Hg | 1/2(+#) | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 193mTl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 369(4) keV | rowspan=2|2,11(15) mnt | IT (75%) | 193Tl | rowspan=2|9/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (25%) | 193Hg |- | rowspan=2|194Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 113 | rowspan=2|193,97120(15) | rowspan=2|33,0(5) mnt | β+ | 194Hg | rowspan=2|2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (10−7%) | 190Au |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 194mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 300(200)# keV | 32,8(2) mnt | β+ | 194Hg | (7+) | | |- | 195Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 114 | 194,969774(15) | 1,16(5) jam | β+ | 195Hg | 1/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 195mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 482,63(17) keV | 3,6(4) dtk | IT | 195Tl | 9/2− | | |- | 196Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 115 | 195,970481(13) | 1,84(3) jam | β+ | 196Hg | 2− | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 196mTl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 394,2(5) keV | rowspan=2|1,41(2) jam | β+ (95,5%) | 196Hg | rowspan=2|(7+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (4,5%) | 196Tl |- | 197Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 116 | 196,969575(18) | 2,84(4) jam | β+ | 197Hg | 1/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 197mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 608,22(8) keV | 540(10) mdtk | IT | 197Tl | 9/2− | | |- | 198Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 117 | 197,97048(9) | 5,3(5) jam | β+ | 198Hg | 2− | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 198m1Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 543,5(4) keV | rowspan=2|1,87(3) jam | β+ (54%) | 198Hg | rowspan=2|7+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (46%) | 198Tl |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 198m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 687,2(5) keV | 150(40) ndtk | | | (5+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 198m3Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 742,3(4) keV | 32,1(10) mdtk | | | (10−)# | | |- | 199Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 118 | 198,96988(3) | 7,42(8) jam | β+ | 199Hg | 1/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 199mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 749,7(3) keV | 28,4(2) mdtk | IT | 199Tl | 9/2− | | |- | 200Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 119 | 199,970963(6) | 26,1(1) jam | β+ | 200Hg | 2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 200m1Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 753,6(2) keV | 34,3(10) mdtk | IT | 200Tl | 7+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 200m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 762,0(2) keV | 0,33(5) μdtk | | | 5+ | | |- | 201Tl[6] | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 120 | 200,970819(16) | 72,912(17) jam | EC | 201Hg | 1/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 201mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 919,50(9) keV | 2,035(7) mdtk | IT | 201Tl | (9/2−) | | |- | 202Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 121 | 201,972106(16) | 12,23(2) hri | β+ | 202Hg | 2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 202mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 950,19(10) keV | 572(7) μdtk | | | 7+ | | |- | 203Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 122 | 202,9723442(14) | colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan[7] | 1/2+ | 0,2952(1) | 0,29494–0,29528 |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 203mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3400(300) keV | 7,7(5) μdtk | | | (25/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2|204Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 123 | rowspan=2|203,9738635(13) | rowspan=2|3,78(2) thn | β− (97,1%) | 204Pb | rowspan=2|2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | EC (2,9%) | 204Hg |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 204m1Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1104,0(4) keV | 63(2) μdtk | | | (7)+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 204m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2500(500) keV | 2,6(2) μdtk | | | (12−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 204m3Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3500(500) keV | 1,6(2) μdtk | | | (20+) | | |- | 205Tl[8] | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 124 | 204,9744275(14) | colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan[9] | 1/2+ | 0,7048(1) | 0,70472–0,70506 |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 205m1Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3290,63(17) keV | 2,6(2) μdtk | | | 25/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 205m2Tl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4835,6(15) keV | 235(10) ndtk | | | (35/2–) | | |- | 206Tl | Radium E | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 125 | 205,9761103(15) | 4,200(17) mnt | β− | 206Pb | 0− | Renik[10] | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 206mTl | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2643,11(19) keV | 3,74(3) mnt | IT | 206Tl | (12–) | | |- | 207Tl | Aktinium C | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 126 | 206,977419(6) | 4,77(2) mnt | β− | 207Pb | 1/2+ | Renik[11] | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 207mTl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1348,1(3) keV | rowspan=2|1,33(11) dtk | IT (99,9%) | 207Tl | rowspan=2|11/2– | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β− (0,1%) | 207Pb |- | 208Tl | Torium C" | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 127 | 207,9820187(21) | 3,053(4) mnt | β− | 208Pb | 5+ | Renik[12] | |- | 209Tl | | style="text-align:right" | 81 | style="text-align:right" | 128 | 208,985359(8) | 2,161(7) mnt | β− | 209Pb | 1/2+ | Renik[13] | |- | rowspan=2|210Tl | rowspan=2|Radium C″ | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 129 | rowspan=2|209,990074(12) | rowspan=2|1,30(3) mnt | β− (99,991%) | 210Pb | rowspan=2|(5+)# | rowspan=2| Renik[14] | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (0,009%) | 209Pb |- | rowspan=2|211Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130 | rowspan=2|210,993480(50) | rowspan=2|80(16) dtk | β− (97,8%) | 211Pb | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (2,2%) | 210Pb |- | rowspan=2|212Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 131 | rowspan=2|211,998340(220)# | rowspan=2|31(8) dtk | β− (98,2%) | 212Pb | rowspan=2|(5+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (1,8%) | 211Pb |- | rowspan=2|213Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 132 | rowspan=2|213,001915(29) | rowspan=2|24(4) dtk | β− (92,4%) | 213Pb | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (7,6%) | 212Pb |- | rowspan=2|214Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 133 | rowspan=2|214,006940(210)# | rowspan=2|11(2) dtk | β− (66%) | 214Pb | rowspan=2|5+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (34%) | 213Pb |- | rowspan=2|215Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 134 | rowspan=2|215,010640(320)# | rowspan=2|10(4) dtk | β− (95,4%) | 215Pb | rowspan=2|1/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (4,6%) | 214Pb |- | rowspan=2|216Tl | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 135 | rowspan=2|216,015800(320)# | rowspan=2|6(3) dtk | β− | 216Pb | rowspan=2|5+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (<11,5%) | 215Pb
Talium-201
Talium-201 (201Tl) adalah sebuah radioisotop sintetis talium. Ia memiliki waktu paruh 73 jam dan meluruh dengan menangkap elektron, memancarkan sinar-X (~70–80 keV), dan foton 135 dan 167 keV dalam kelimpahan total 10%.[15] 201Tl disintesis oleh aktivasi neutron talium stabil dalam reaktor nuklir,[16][17] atau dengan reaksi nuklir 203Tl(p, 3n)201Pb di dalam siklotron, karena 201Pb secara alami meluruh menjadi 201Tl sesudahnya.[18] Ia merupakan radiofarmasi, karena memiliki karakteristik pencitraan yang baik tanpa dosis radiasi pasien yang berlebihan. Ia juga merupakan isotop paling populer yang digunakan untuk iskemia koroner inti talium.[19]
Referensi
- ↑ Thallium Research. doe.gov. Departemen Energi AS.
- ↑ Manual untuk radioisotop yang diproduksi oleh reaktor dari Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional
- ↑ Bound-state beta decay of highly ionized atoms.
- ↑ P. Marcillac. Experimental detection of α-particles from the radioactive decay of natural bismuth. Nature. 2003. Vol. 422 (6934). hlm. 876–878. doi:10.1038/nature01541.
- ↑ E. S. Reich. Mercury serves up a nuclear surprise: a new type of fission. Scientific American. 2010.
- ↑ Isotop utama yang digunakan dalam skintigrafi
- ↑ Diyakini mengalami peluruhan α menjadi 199 Au
- ↑ Produk peluruhan akhir dari rantai peluruhan 4n+1 (deret neptunium)
- ↑ Diyakini mengalami peluruhan α menjadi 201 Au
- ↑ Produk peluruhan antara dari 238 U
- ↑ Produk peluruhan antara dari 235 U
- ↑ Produk peluruhan antara dari 232 Th
- ↑ Produk peluruhan antara dari 237 Np
- ↑ Produk peluruhan antara dari 238 U
- ↑ sumber pada Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia
- ↑ sumber pada Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia
- ↑ Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes. Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional. 2003.
- ↑ Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Principles and Practice. Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional. 2008. ISBN 9789201002082.
- ↑ Jamshid Maddahi. Cardiac SPECT imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001. hlm. 155–178. ISBN 978-0-7817-2007-6.
Sumber dan atribusi
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