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Isotop bismut: Perbedaan antara revisi

Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
Maintenance script (bicara | kontrib)
Impor teks terkontrol dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia; revisi 28020803; atribusi sumber disertakan.
 
Maintenance script (bicara | kontrib)
Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi
 
Baris 1: Baris 1:
'''[[Bismut]]''' ('''<sub>83</sub>Bi''') memiliki 41 [[isotop]] yang diketahui, mulai dari <sup>184</sup>Bi hingga <sup>224</sup>Bi. Bismut tidak memiliki satu pun isotop [[Isotop stabil|stabil]], tetapi memiliki satu isotop yang berumur sangat panjang; dengan demikian, [[berat atom standar]]nya dapat diberikan sebagai . Meskipun [[bismut-209|<sup>209</sup>Bi]] sekarang diketahui tidak stabil, secara klasik ia dianggap sebagai isotop stabil karena memiliki waktu paruh sekitar 2,01 tahun, lebih dari satu miliar kali [[Umur alam semesta|usia alam semesta]]. Selain <sup>209</sup>Bi, [[Radionuklida|radioisotop]] bismut yang paling stabil adalah <sup>210m</sup>Bi dengan waktu paruh 3,04 juta tahun, <sup>208</sup>Bi dengan waktu paruh 368.000 tahun, dan <sup>207</sup>Bi dengan waktu paruh 32,9 tahun, tidak ada dari mereka yang terjadi di alam. Semua isotop lain memiliki waktu paruh di bawah 1 tahun, sebagian besar di bawah satu hari. Dari semua radioisotop alami bismut, yang paling stabil adalah <sup>210</sup>Bi yang [[Nuklida radiogenik|radiogenik]] dengan waktu paruh 5,012 tahun. <sup>210m</sup>Bi, seperti [[Isotop tantalum#Tantalum-180m|<sup>180m</sup>Ta]], [[Isotop amerisium#Amerisium-242m|<sup>242m</sup>Am]] dan beberapa [[Isotop holmium#Daftar isotop|isomer holmium]], tidak biasa karena menjadi [[isomer nuklir]] dengan waktu paruh beberapa kali lipat lebih lama daripada [[keadaan dasar]]nya.
'''[[Bismut]]''' ('''<sub>83</sub>Bi''') memiliki 41 [[isotop]] yang diketahui, mulai dari <sup>184</sup>Bi hingga <sup>224</sup>Bi. Bismut tidak memiliki satu pun isotop [[Isotop stabil|stabil]], tetapi memiliki satu isotop yang berumur sangat panjang; dengan demikian, [[berat atom standar]]nya dapat diberikan sebagai . Meskipun [[bismut-209|<sup>209</sup>Bi]] sekarang diketahui tidak stabil, secara klasik ia dianggap sebagai isotop stabil karena memiliki waktu paruh sekitar 2,01 tahun, lebih dari satu miliar kali [[Umur alam semesta|usia alam semesta]]. Selain <sup>209</sup>Bi, [[Radionuklida|radioisotop]] bismut yang paling stabil adalah <sup>210m</sup>Bi dengan waktu paruh 3,04 juta tahun, <sup>208</sup>Bi dengan waktu paruh 368.000 tahun, dan <sup>207</sup>Bi dengan waktu paruh 32,9 tahun, tidak ada dari mereka yang terjadi di alam. Semua isotop lain memiliki waktu paruh di bawah 1 tahun, sebagian besar di bawah satu hari. Dari semua radioisotop alami bismut, yang paling stabil adalah <sup>210</sup>Bi yang [[Nuklida radiogenik|radiogenik]] dengan waktu paruh 5,012 tahun. <sup>210m</sup>Bi, seperti [[Isotop tantalum#Tantalum-180m|<sup>180m</sup>Ta]], [[Isotop amerisium#Amerisium-242m|<sup>242m</sup>Am]] dan beberapa [[Isotop holmium#Daftar isotop|isomer holmium]], tidak biasa karena menjadi [[isomer nuklir]] dengan waktu paruh beberapa kali lipat lebih lama daripada [[keadaan dasar]]nya.


Secara komersial, isotop <sup>213</sup>Bi dapat diproduksi dengan membombardir [[radium]] dengan foton ''[[bremsstrahlung]]'' dari sebuah [[pemercepat partikel linier]]. Pada tahun 1997, sebuah konjugat [[antibodi]] dengan <sup>213</sup>Bi (yang memiliki waktu paruh 45 menit, dan meluruh melalui emisi [[partikel alfa]]) digunakan untuk mengobati pasien [[leukemia]]. Isotop ini juga telah dicoba dalam program [[Terapi partikel alfa bertarget|terapi alfa bertarget]] (''targeted alpha therapy'', TAT) untuk mengobati berbagai jenis [[kanker]]. <sup>213</sup>Bi juga ditemukan dalam rantai peluruhan [[uranium-233|<sup>233</sup>U]], yang merupakan bahan bakar yang dibiakkan oleh [[Siklus bahan bakar torium|reaktor torium]].
Secara komersial, isotop <sup>213</sup>Bi dapat diproduksi dengan membombardir [[radium]] dengan foton ''[[bremsstrahlung]]'' dari sebuah [[pemercepat partikel linier]]. Pada tahun 1997, sebuah konjugat [[antibodi]] dengan <sup>213</sup>Bi (yang memiliki waktu paruh 45 menit, dan meluruh melalui emisi [[partikel alfa]]) digunakan untuk mengobati pasien [[leukemia]]. Isotop ini juga telah dicoba dalam program [[Terapi partikel alfa bertarget|terapi alfa bertarget]] (''targeted alpha therapy'', TAT) untuk mengobati berbagai jenis [[kanker]].<ref>S Imam. ''Advancements in cancer therapy with alpha-emitters: a review''. ''International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics''. 2001. Vol. 51. hlm. 271. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01585-1.</ref> <sup>213</sup>Bi juga ditemukan dalam rantai peluruhan [[uranium-233|<sup>233</sup>U]], yang merupakan bahan bakar yang dibiakkan oleh [[Siklus bahan bakar torium|reaktor torium]].


==Daftar isotop==
==Daftar isotop==
 
|-
 
| <sup>184</sup>Bi
| <sup>184</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 17: Baris 16:
|
|
|
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|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>184m</sup>Bi
|
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Baris 27: Baris 26:
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|
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|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>185</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>185</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 39: Baris 38:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| [[Peluruhan alfa|α]] (langka)
| [[Peluruhan alfa|α]] (langka)
| <sup>181</sup>Tl
| <sup>181</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>185m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>185m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 52: Baris 51:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| p
| p
| <sup>184</sup>Pb
| <sup>184</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>186</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>186</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 67: Baris 66:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| [[Peluruhan beta|β<sup>+</sup>]] (langka)
| [[Peluruhan beta|β<sup>+</sup>]] (langka)
| <sup>186</sup>Pb
| <sup>186</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 80: Baris 79:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>186</sup>Pb
| <sup>186</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>187</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>187</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 95: Baris 94:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (50%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (50%)
| <sup>187</sup>Pb
| <sup>187</sup>Pb
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>187m1</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>187m1</sup>Bi
|
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Baris 108: Baris 107:
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|
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|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>187m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>187m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 118: Baris 117:
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|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>188</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>188</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 130: Baris 129:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (langka)
| β<sup>+</sup> (langka)
| <sup>188</sup>Pb
| <sup>188</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>188m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>188m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 143: Baris 142:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (langka)
| β<sup>+</sup> (langka)
| <sup>188</sup>Pb
| <sup>188</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>189</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>189</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 158: Baris 157:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (49%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (49%)
| <sup>189</sup>Pb
| <sup>189</sup>Pb
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>189m1</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>189m1</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 171: Baris 170:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>189m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>189m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 181: Baris 180:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>190</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>190</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 193: Baris 192:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (30%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (30%)
| <sup>190</sup>Pb
| <sup>190</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 206: Baris 205:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (23%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (23%)
| <sup>190</sup>Pb
| <sup>190</sup>Pb
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>190m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 219: Baris 218:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>191</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>191</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 231: Baris 230:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (40%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (40%)
| <sup>191</sup>Pb
| <sup>191</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>191m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>191m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 244: Baris 243:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (25%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (25%)
| <sup>191</sup>Pb
| <sup>191</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>192</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>192</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 259: Baris 258:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (18%)
| α (18%)
| <sup>188</sup>Tl
| <sup>188</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>192m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>192m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 272: Baris 271:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (9,2%)
| α (9,2%)
| <sup>188</sup>Tl
| <sup>188</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>193</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>193</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 287: Baris 286:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (5%)
| α (5%)
| <sup>189</sup>Tl
| <sup>189</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>193m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>193m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 300: Baris 299:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (10%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (10%)
| <sup>193</sup>Pb
| <sup>193</sup>Pb
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>194</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>194</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 315: Baris 314:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (0,46%)
| α (0,46%)
| <sup>190</sup>Tl
| <sup>190</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>194m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>194m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 328: Baris 327:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (langka)
| α (langka)
| <sup>190</sup>Tl
| <sup>190</sup>Tl
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>194m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>194m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 341: Baris 340:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>195</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>195</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 353: Baris 352:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (0,03%)
| α (0,03%)
| <sup>191</sup>Tl
| <sup>191</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>195m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>195m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 366: Baris 365:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (33%)
| α (33%)
| <sup>191</sup>Tl
| <sup>191</sup>Tl
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>195m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>195m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 379: Baris 378:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>196</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>196</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 391: Baris 390:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (0,00115%)
| α (0,00115%)
| <sup>192</sup>Tl
| <sup>192</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>196m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>196m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 404: Baris 403:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>196</sup>Pb
| <sup>196</sup>Pb
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>196m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>196m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 417: Baris 416:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>197</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>197</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 429: Baris 428:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (10<sup>−4</sup>%)
| α (10<sup>−4</sup>%)
| <sup>193</sup>Tl
| <sup>193</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
Baris 442: Baris 441:
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (45%)
| β<sup>+</sup> (45%)
| <sup>197</sup>Pb
| <sup>197</sup>Pb
 
|-
| IT (0,3%)
| IT (0,3%)
| <sup>197</sup>Bi
| <sup>197</sup>Bi
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 458: Baris 457:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m3</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m3</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 468: Baris 467:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m4</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m4</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 478: Baris 477:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m5</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>197m5</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 488: Baris 487:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>198</sup>Bi
| <sup>198</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 500: Baris 499:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m1</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m1</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 510: Baris 509:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>198m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 520: Baris 519:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>199</sup>Bi
| <sup>199</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 532: Baris 531:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>199m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>199m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
Baris 542: Baris 541:
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
 
|-
| IT (2%)
| IT (2%)
| <sup>199</sup>Bi
| <sup>199</sup>Bi
 
|-
| α (0,01%)
| α (0,01%)
| <sup>195</sup>Tl
| <sup>195</sup>Tl
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>199m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>199m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 558: Baris 557:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>199m3</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>199m3</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 568: Baris 567:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>200</sup>Bi
| <sup>200</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 580: Baris 579:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>200m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>200m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 590: Baris 589:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| IT (10%)
| IT (10%)
| <sup>200</sup>Bi
| <sup>200</sup>Bi
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>200m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>200m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 603: Baris 602:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>201</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>201</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 615: Baris 614:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (10<sup>−4</sup>%)
| α (10<sup>−4</sup>%)
| <sup>197</sup>Tl
| <sup>197</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
Baris 628: Baris 627:
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
 
|-
| IT (6,8%)
| IT (6,8%)
| <sup>201</sup>Bi
| <sup>201</sup>Bi
 
|-
| α (0,3%)
| α (0,3%)
| <sup>197</sup>Tl
| <sup>197</sup>Tl
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 644: Baris 643:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m3</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m3</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 654: Baris 653:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m4</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>201m4</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 664: Baris 663:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>202</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>202</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 676: Baris 675:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (10<sup>−5</sup>%)
| α (10<sup>−5</sup>%)
| <sup>198</sup>Tl
| <sup>198</sup>Tl
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>202m1</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>202m1</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 689: Baris 688:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>202m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>202m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 699: Baris 698:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>203</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>203</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 711: Baris 710:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (10<sup>−5</sup>%)
| α (10<sup>−5</sup>%)
| <sup>199</sup>Tl
| <sup>199</sup>Tl
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>203m1</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>203m1</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 724: Baris 723:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>203m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>203m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 734: Baris 733:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>204</sup>Bi
| <sup>204</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 746: Baris 745:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m1</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m1</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 756: Baris 755:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>204m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 766: Baris 765:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>205</sup>Bi
| <sup>205</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 778: Baris 777:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>206</sup>Bi
| <sup>206</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 790: Baris 789:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>206m1</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>206m1</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 800: Baris 799:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>206m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>206m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 810: Baris 809:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>207</sup>Bi
| <sup>207</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 822: Baris 821:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>207m</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>207m</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 832: Baris 831:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>208</sup>Bi
| <sup>208</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 844: Baris 843:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>208m</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>208m</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 854: Baris 853:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| [[Bismut-209|<sup>209</sup>Bi]]<br/>
| [[Bismut-209|<sup>209</sup>Bi]]<br/><ref>Sebelumnya diyakini sebagai produk peluruhan akhir dari rantai peluruhan 4n+1 (deret neptunium)</ref><ref>Radionuklida primordial, juga beberapa bersifat radiogenik dari nuklida 237 Np yang telah punah</ref>
|
|
| style="text-align:right" | 83
| style="text-align:right" | 83
| style="text-align:right" | 126
| style="text-align:right" | 126
| 208,9803987(16)
| 208,9803987(16)
| '''2,01(8) thn'''<br/>
| '''2,01(8) thn'''<br/><ref>Sebelumnya diyakini sebagai nuklida stabil terberat</ref>
| α
| α
| '''<sup>205</sup>Tl'''
| '''<sup>205</sup>Tl'''
Baris 866: Baris 865:
| 1,0000
| 1,0000
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>210</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>210</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|Radium E
| rowspan=2|Radium E
Baris 876: Baris 875:
| <sup>210</sup>Po
| <sup>210</sup>Po
| rowspan=2|1−
| rowspan=2|1−
| rowspan=2|Renik
| rowspan=2|Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 238 U</ref>
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (1,32%)
| α (1,32%)
| <sup>206</sup>Tl
| <sup>206</sup>Tl
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>210m</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>210m</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 891: Baris 890:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>211</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|<sup>211</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|Aktinium C
| rowspan=2|Aktinium C
Baris 901: Baris 900:
| <sup>207</sup>Tl
| <sup>207</sup>Tl
| rowspan=2|9/2−
| rowspan=2|9/2−
| rowspan=2|Renik
| rowspan=2|Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 235 U</ref>
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (0,276%)
| β<sup>−</sup> (0,276%)
| <sup>211</sup>Po
| <sup>211</sup>Po
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>211m</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>211m</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 916: Baris 915:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>212</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3|<sup>212</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3|Torium C
| rowspan=3|Torium C
Baris 926: Baris 925:
| <sup>212</sup>Po
| <sup>212</sup>Po
| rowspan=3|1(−)
| rowspan=3|1(−)
| rowspan=3|Renik
| rowspan=3|Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 232 Th</ref>
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
 
|-
| α (35,94%)
| α (35,94%)
| <sup>208</sup>Tl
| <sup>208</sup>Tl
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, α (0,014%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, α (0,014%)
| '''<sup>208</sup>Pb'''
| '''<sup>208</sup>Pb'''
 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>212m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>212m1</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
Baris 944: Baris 943:
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (33%)
| β<sup>−</sup> (33%)
| <sup>212m</sup>Po
| <sup>212m</sup>Po
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, α (0,3%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, α (0,3%)
| '''<sup>208</sup>Pb'''
| '''<sup>208</sup>Pb'''
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>212m2</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>212m2</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 960: Baris 959:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>213</sup>Bi<br/>
| rowspan=2|<sup>213</sup>Bi<br/><ref>Digunakan dalam kedokteran seperti untuk pengobatan kanker.</ref><ref>Produk sampingan dari reaktor torium melalui 233 U.</ref>
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83
Baris 970: Baris 969:
| <sup>213</sup>Po
| <sup>213</sup>Po
| rowspan=2|9/2−
| rowspan=2|9/2−
| rowspan=2|Renik
| rowspan=2|Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 237 Np</ref>
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| α (2,09%)
| α (2,09%)
| <sup>209</sup>Tl
| <sup>209</sup>Tl
 
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>214</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3|<sup>214</sup>Bi
| rowspan=3|Radium C
| rowspan=3|Radium C
Baris 985: Baris 984:
| <sup>214</sup>Po
| <sup>214</sup>Po
| rowspan=3|1−
| rowspan=3|1−
| rowspan=3|Renik
| rowspan=3|Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 238 U</ref>
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
 
|-
| α (0,021%)
| α (0,021%)
| <sup>210</sup>Tl
| <sup>210</sup>Tl
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, α (0,003%)
| β<sup>−</sup>, α (0,003%)
| <sup>210</sup>Pb
| <sup>210</sup>Pb
 
|-
| <sup>215</sup>Bi
| <sup>215</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 1.003: Baris 1.002:
| <sup>215</sup>Po
| <sup>215</sup>Po
| (9/2−)
| (9/2−)
| Renik
| Renik<ref>Produk peluruhan antara dari 235 U</ref>
|
|
 
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>215m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>215m</sup>Bi
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
Baris 1.015: Baris 1.014:
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
 
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (23,1%)
| β<sup>−</sup> (23,1%)
| <sup>215</sup>Po
| <sup>215</sup>Po
 
|-
| <sup>216</sup>Bi
| <sup>216</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 1.030: Baris 1.029:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>216m</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>216m</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 1.040: Baris 1.039:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>217</sup>Bi
| <sup>217</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 1.052: Baris 1.051:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>217m</sup>Bi
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>217m</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 1.062: Baris 1.061:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>218</sup>Bi
| <sup>218</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 1.074: Baris 1.073:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>219</sup>Bi
| <sup>219</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 1.086: Baris 1.085:
|
|
|
|
 
|-
| <sup>220</sup>Bi
| <sup>220</sup>Bi
|
|
Baris 1.099: Baris 1.098:
|
|


 
== Referensi ==
==Referensi==
<references />
 
* Massa isotop dari:
**
* Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
**
**
* Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
**
**
**
 
 


== Sumber dan atribusi ==
== Sumber dan atribusi ==


Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+bismut&oldid=28020803 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28020803 (2025-10-16T13:51:23Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotop+bismut&oldid=28020803 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 28020803 (2025-10-16T13:51:23Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.
<!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 -->

Revisi terkini sejak 28 Agustus 2026 03.57

Bismut (83Bi) memiliki 41 isotop yang diketahui, mulai dari 184Bi hingga 224Bi. Bismut tidak memiliki satu pun isotop stabil, tetapi memiliki satu isotop yang berumur sangat panjang; dengan demikian, berat atom standarnya dapat diberikan sebagai . Meskipun 209Bi sekarang diketahui tidak stabil, secara klasik ia dianggap sebagai isotop stabil karena memiliki waktu paruh sekitar 2,01 tahun, lebih dari satu miliar kali usia alam semesta. Selain 209Bi, radioisotop bismut yang paling stabil adalah 210mBi dengan waktu paruh 3,04 juta tahun, 208Bi dengan waktu paruh 368.000 tahun, dan 207Bi dengan waktu paruh 32,9 tahun, tidak ada dari mereka yang terjadi di alam. Semua isotop lain memiliki waktu paruh di bawah 1 tahun, sebagian besar di bawah satu hari. Dari semua radioisotop alami bismut, yang paling stabil adalah 210Bi yang radiogenik dengan waktu paruh 5,012 tahun. 210mBi, seperti 180mTa, 242mAm dan beberapa isomer holmium, tidak biasa karena menjadi isomer nuklir dengan waktu paruh beberapa kali lipat lebih lama daripada keadaan dasarnya.

Secara komersial, isotop 213Bi dapat diproduksi dengan membombardir radium dengan foton bremsstrahlung dari sebuah pemercepat partikel linier. Pada tahun 1997, sebuah konjugat antibodi dengan 213Bi (yang memiliki waktu paruh 45 menit, dan meluruh melalui emisi partikel alfa) digunakan untuk mengobati pasien leukemia. Isotop ini juga telah dicoba dalam program terapi alfa bertarget (targeted alpha therapy, TAT) untuk mengobati berbagai jenis kanker.[1] 213Bi juga ditemukan dalam rantai peluruhan 233U, yang merupakan bahan bakar yang dibiakkan oleh reaktor torium.

Daftar isotop

|- | 184Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 101 | 184,00112(14)# | 6,6(15) mdtk | | | 3+# | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 184mBi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 150(100)# keV | 13(2) mdtk | | | 10−# | | |- | rowspan=2|185Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102 | rowspan=2|184,99763(6)# | rowspan=2|2# mdtk | p | 184Pb | rowspan=2|9/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (langka) | 181Tl |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 185mBi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 70(50)# keV | rowspan=2|49(7) μdtk | α | 181Tl | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | p | 184Pb |- | rowspan=2|186Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103 | rowspan=2|185,99660(8) | rowspan=2|14,8(7) mdtk | α | 182Tl | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (langka) | 186Pb |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 186mBi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 270(140)# keV | rowspan=2|9,8(4) mdtk | α | 182Tl | rowspan=2|(10−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ | 186Pb |- | rowspan=2|187Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104 | rowspan=2|186,993158(16) | rowspan=2|32(3) mdtk | α (50%) | 183Tl | rowspan=2|9/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (50%) | 187Pb |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 187m1Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 101(20) keV | 320(70) μdtk | | | 1/2+# | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 187m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 252(1) keV | 7(5) μdtk | | | (13/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2|188Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105 | rowspan=2|187,99227(5) | rowspan=2|44(3) mdtk | α | 184Tl | rowspan=2|3+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (langka) | 188Pb |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 188mBi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 210(140)# keV | rowspan=2|220(40) mdtk | α | 184Tl | rowspan=2|(10−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (langka) | 188Pb |- | rowspan=2|189Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106 | rowspan=2|188,98920(6) | rowspan=2|674(11) mdtk | α (51%) | 185Tl | rowspan=2|(9/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (49%) | 189Pb |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 189m1Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 181(6) keV | 5,0(1) mdtk | | | (1/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 189m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 357(1) keV | 880(50) ndtk | | | (13/2+) | | |- | rowspan=2|190Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 107 | rowspan=2|189,9883(2) | rowspan=2|6,3(1) dtk | α (77%) | 186Tl | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (30%) | 190Pb |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 190m1Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 420(180) keV | rowspan=2|6,2(1) dtk | α (70%) | 186Tl | rowspan=2|(10−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (23%) | 190Pb |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 190m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 690(180) keV | >500(100) ndtk | | | 7+# | | |- | rowspan=2|191Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 108 | rowspan=2|190,985786(8) | rowspan=2|12,3(3) dtk | α (60%) | 187Tl | rowspan=2|(9/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (40%) | 191Pb |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 191mBi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 240(4) keV | rowspan=2|124(5) mdtk | α (75%) | 187Tl | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (25%) | 191Pb |- | rowspan=2|192Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 109 | rowspan=2|191,98546(4) | rowspan=2|34,6(9) dtk | β+ (82%) | 192Pb | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (18%) | 188Tl |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 192mBi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 150(30) keV | rowspan=2|39,6(4) dtk | β+ (90,8%) | 192Pb | rowspan=2|(10−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (9,2%) | 188Tl |- | rowspan=2|193Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 110 | rowspan=2|192,98296(1) | rowspan=2|67(3) dtk | β+ (95%) | 193Pb | rowspan=2|(9/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (5%) | 189Tl |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 193mBi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 308(7) keV | rowspan=2|3,2(6) dtk | α (90%) | 189Tl | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (10%) | 193Pb |- | rowspan=2|194Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 111 | rowspan=2|193,98283(5) | rowspan=2|95(3) dtk | β+ (99,54%) | 194Pb | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,46%) | 190Tl |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 194m1Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 110(70) keV | rowspan=2|125(2) dtk | β+ | 194Pb | rowspan=2|(6+, 7+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (langka) | 190Tl |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 194m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 230(90)# keV | 115(4) dtk | | | (10−) | | |- | rowspan=2|195Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 112 | rowspan=2|194,980651(6) | rowspan=2|183(4) dtk | β+ (99,97%) | 195Pb | rowspan=2|(9/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,03%) | 191Tl |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 195m1Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 399(6) keV | rowspan=2|87(1) dtk | β+ (67%) | 195Pb | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (33%) | 191Tl |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 195m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2311,4+X keV | 750(50) ndtk | | | (29/2−) | | |- | rowspan=2|196Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 113 | rowspan=2|195,980667(26) | rowspan=2|5,1(2) mnt | β+ (99,99%) | 196Pb | rowspan=2|(3+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (0,00115%) | 192Tl |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 196m1Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 166,6(30) keV | rowspan=2|0,6(5) dtk | IT | 196Bi | rowspan=2|(7+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ | 196Pb |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 196m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 270(3) keV | 4,00(5) mnt | | | (10−) | | |- | rowspan=2|197Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 114 | rowspan=2|196,978864(9) | rowspan=2|9,33(50) mnt | β+ (99,99%) | 197Pb | rowspan=2|(9/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (10−4%) | 193Tl |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 197m1Bi | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 690(110) keV | rowspan=3|5,04(16) mnt | α (55%) | 193Tl | rowspan=3|(1/2+) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β+ (45%) | 197Pb |- | IT (0,3%) | 197Bi |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 197m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2129,3(4) keV | 204(18) ndtk | | | (23/2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 197m3Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2360,4(5)+X keV | 263(13) ndtk | | | (29/2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 197m4Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2383,1(7)+X keV | 253(39) ndtk | | | (29/2−) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 197m5Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2929,5(5) keV | 209(30) ndtk | | | (31/2−) | | |- | 198Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 115 | 197,97921(3) | 10,3(3) mnt | β+ | 198Pb | (2+, 3+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 198m1Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 280(40) keV | 11,6(3) mnt | β+ | 198Pb | (7+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 198m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 530(40) keV | 7,7(5) dtk | | | 10− | | |- | 199Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 116 | 198,977672(13) | 27(1) mnt | β+ | 199Pb | 9/2− | | |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 199m1Bi | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 667(4) keV | rowspan=3|24,70(15) mnt | β+ (98%) | 199Pb | rowspan=3|(1/2+) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | IT (2%) | 199Bi |- | α (0,01%) | 195Tl |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 199m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1947(25) keV | 0,10(3) μdtk | | | (25/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 199m3Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | ~2547,0 keV | 168(13) ndtk | | | 29/2− | | |- | 200Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 117 | 199,978132(26) | 36,4(5) mnt | β+ | 200Pb | 7+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 200m1Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(70)# keV | rowspan=2|31(2) mnt | EC (90%) | 200Pb | rowspan=2|(2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (10%) | 200Bi |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 200m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 428,20(10) keV | 400(50) mdtk | | | (10−) | | |- | rowspan=2|201Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 118 | rowspan=2|200,977009(16) | rowspan=2|108(3) mnt | β+ (99,99%) | 201Pb | rowspan=2|9/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (10−4%) | 197Tl |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 201m1Bi | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 846,34(21) keV | rowspan=3|59,1(6) mnt | EC (92,9%) | 201Pb | rowspan=3|1/2+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | IT (6,8%) | 201Bi |- | α (0,3%) | 197Tl |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 201m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1932,2+X keV | 118(28) ndtk | | | (25/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 201m3Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1971,2+X keV | 105(75) ndtk | | | (27/2+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 201m4Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2739,90(20)+X keV | 124(4) ndtk | | | (29/2−) | | |- | rowspan=2|202Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 119 | rowspan=2|201,977742(22) | rowspan=2|1,72(5) jam | β+ | 202Pb | rowspan=2|5(+#) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (10−5%) | 198Tl |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 202m1Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 615(7) keV | 3,04(6) μdtk | | | (10#)− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 202m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2607,1(5) keV | 310(50) ndtk | | | (17+) | | |- | rowspan=2|203Bi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 120 | rowspan=2|202,976876(23) | rowspan=2|11,76(5) jam | β+ | 203Pb | rowspan=2|9/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (10−5%) | 199Tl |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 203m1Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1098,14(7) keV | 303(5) mdtk | IT | 203Bi | 1/2+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 203m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2041,5(6) keV | 194(30) ndtk | | | 25/2+ | | |- | 204Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 121 | 203,977813(28) | 11,22(10) jam | β+ | 204Pb | 6+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 204m1Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 805,5(3) keV | 13,0(1) mdtk | IT | 204Bi | 10− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 204m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2833,4(11) keV | 1,07(3) mdtk | | | (17+) | | |- | 205Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 122 | 204,977389(8) | 15,31(4) hri | β+ | 205Pb | 9/2− | | |- | 206Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 123 | 205,978499(8) | 6,243(3) hri | β+ | 206Pb | 6(+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 206m1Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 59,897(17) keV | 7,7(2) μdtk | | | (4+) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 206m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1044,8(5) keV | 890(10) μdtk | | | (10−) | | |- | 207Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 124 | 206,9784707(26) | 32,9(14) thn | β+ | 207Pb | 9/2− | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 207mBi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2101,49(16) keV | 182(6) μdtk | | | 21/2+ | | |- | 208Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 125 | 207,9797422(25) | 3,68(4) thn | β+ | 208Pb | (5)+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 208mBi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1571,1(4) keV | 2,58(4) mdtk | IT | 208Bi | (10)− | | |- | 209Bi
[2][3] | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 126 | 208,9803987(16) | 2,01(8) thn
[4] | α | 205Tl | 9/2− | 1,0000 | |- | rowspan=2|210Bi | rowspan=2|Radium E | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 127 | rowspan=2|209,9841204(16) | rowspan=2|5,012(5) hri | β | 210Po | rowspan=2|1− | rowspan=2|Renik[5] | rowspan=2| |- | α (1,32%) | 206Tl |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 210mBi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 271,31(11) keV | 3,04(6) thn | α | 206Tl | 9− | | |- | rowspan=2|211Bi | rowspan=2|Aktinium C | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 128 | rowspan=2|210,987269(6) | rowspan=2|2,14(2) mnt | α (99,72%) | 207Tl | rowspan=2|9/2− | rowspan=2|Renik[6] | rowspan=2| |- | β (0,276%) | 211Po |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 211mBi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1257(10) keV | 1,4(3) μdtk | | | (25/2−) | | |- | rowspan=3|212Bi | rowspan=3|Torium C | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 129 | rowspan=3|211,9912857(21) | rowspan=3|60,55(6) mnt | β (64,05%) | 212Po | rowspan=3|1(−) | rowspan=3|Renik[7] | rowspan=3| |- | α (35,94%) | 208Tl |- | β, α (0,014%) | 208Pb |- | rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 212m1Bi | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 250(30) keV | rowspan=3|25,0(2) mnt | α (67%) | 208Tl | rowspan=3|(9−) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β (33%) | 212mPo |- | β, α (0,3%) | 208Pb |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 212m2Bi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2200(200)# keV | 7,0(3) mnt | | | >16 | | |- | rowspan=2|213Bi
[8][9] | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130 | rowspan=2|212,994385(5) | rowspan=2|45,59(6) mnt | β (97,91%) | 213Po | rowspan=2|9/2− | rowspan=2|Renik[10] | rowspan=2| |- | α (2,09%) | 209Tl |- | rowspan=3|214Bi | rowspan=3|Radium C | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 131 | rowspan=3|213,998712(12) | rowspan=3|19,9(4) mnt | β (99,97%) | 214Po | rowspan=3|1− | rowspan=3|Renik[11] | rowspan=3| |- | α (0,021%) | 210Tl |- | β, α (0,003%) | 210Pb |- | 215Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 132 | 215,001770(16) | 7,6(2) mnt | β | 215Po | (9/2−) | Renik[12] | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 215mBi | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1347,5(25) keV | rowspan=2| 36,9(6) dtk | IT (76,9%) | 215Bi | rowspan=2| (25/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β (23,1%) | 215Po |- | 216Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 133 | 216,006306(12) | 2,17(5) mnt | β | 216Po | (6-, 7-) | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 216mBi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 24(19) keV | 6,6(21) mnt | β | 216Po | 3-# | | |- | 217Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 134 | 217,009372(19) | 98,5(8) dtk | β | 217Po | 9/2−# | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | 217mBi | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1480(40) keV | 2,70(6) μdtk | IT | 217Bi | 25/2−# | | |- | 218Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 135 | 218,014188(29) | 33(1) dtk | β | 218Po | (6-, 7-, 8-) | | |- | 219Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 136 | 219,017480(210)# | 8,7(29) dtk | β | 219Po | 9/2-# | | |- | 220Bi | | style="text-align:right" | 83 | style="text-align:right" | 137 | 220,022350(320)# | 9,5(57) dtk | β | 220Po | 1-# | |

Referensi

  1. S Imam. Advancements in cancer therapy with alpha-emitters: a review. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2001. Vol. 51. hlm. 271. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01585-1.
  2. Sebelumnya diyakini sebagai produk peluruhan akhir dari rantai peluruhan 4n+1 (deret neptunium)
  3. Radionuklida primordial, juga beberapa bersifat radiogenik dari nuklida 237 Np yang telah punah
  4. Sebelumnya diyakini sebagai nuklida stabil terberat
  5. Produk peluruhan antara dari 238 U
  6. Produk peluruhan antara dari 235 U
  7. Produk peluruhan antara dari 232 Th
  8. Digunakan dalam kedokteran seperti untuk pengobatan kanker.
  9. Produk sampingan dari reaktor torium melalui 233 U.
  10. Produk peluruhan antara dari 237 Np
  11. Produk peluruhan antara dari 238 U
  12. Produk peluruhan antara dari 235 U

Sumber dan atribusi

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