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Reagen Liebermann

Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
Revisi sejak 29 Agustus 2026 04.03 oleh Maintenance script (bicara | kontrib) (Presentation V4: sitasi, referensi, Math, Wikimedia Commons, dan atribusi)
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Reagen Liebermann, yang dinamai menurut nama kimiawan Hungaria Leo Liebermann (1852-1926), adalah reagen yang digunakan sebagai uji noda sederhana untuk mengidentifikasi alkaloid dan senyawa lainnya secara presumtif. Reagen ini terdiri dari campuran kalium nitrit dan asam sulfat pekat.[1][2] 1 g kalium nitrit digunakan untuk setiap 10 mL asam sulfat.[3] Kalium nitrit juga dapat digantikan oleh natrium nitrit.[4][5] Reagen ini digunakan untuk menguji kokain, morfin, PMA, dan PMMA.

Uji dilakukan dengan mengikis sedikit zat tersebut dan menambahkan setetes reagen (yang awalnya jernih dan tidak berwarna). Hasilnya dianalisis dengan melihat warna campuran yang dihasilkan, dan waktu yang dibutuhkan agar perubahan warna tersebut terlihat.

Warna akhir yang dihasilkan oleh Reagen Liebermann dengan berbagai zat
Zat Warna
Alprazolam Tidak ada reaksi
Kokain Kekuningan[6]
Morfin Hitam[7][8]
Atropin Merah - orange
Yohimbin Biru
PMA dan PMMA Ungu - cokelat[9]
MDMA Cokelat pekat[10] - black[11]
Amfetamina Jingga hingga merah[12]
Metamfetamina Merah[13]
4-FA Jingga[14][15]
Katinona Kuning cerah[16]
Metkatinona Kuning cerah[17]
Mefedron Kuning cerah[18]
Metamfepramon Kuning pucat[19]
3-FMC Tidak ada reaksi[20]
Metedron Kuning pucat[21]
Metilona Jingga > cokelat[22]
MDPV Kuning > hijau[23]
4-Me-PPP Jingga[24]
Brefedron Kuning[25]
4-MEC Jingga[26]
Pentedron Kuning[27]
4-Metilbufedron Kuning[28]
Bufedron Kuning[29]
Butilona Kuning > cokelat[30] atau hijau > cokelat[31]
3,4-DMMC Jingga[32]
Nafirona Cokelat[33]
Benzedron Jingga[34]
JWH-307 Kuning gelap[35]
AB-001 Kuning gelap[36]
CB-13 Hijau gelap[37]
JTE-907 Hitam (bergelembung)[38]
UR-144 Merah gelap[39]
URB-597 Kuning kecokelatan[40]
URB602 Cokelat gelap[41]
URB754 Cokelat cerah[42]
AM-1248 Kuning gelap[43]
AB-034 Merah kekuningan > merah gelap[44]
A-796,260 Merah kekuningan > merah gelap[45]
A-834,735 Merah kekuningan > merah gelap[46]
FUR-144 Merah gelap[47]
APINACA Tidak ada perubahan warna[48]
JWH-073 Kuning - cokelat[49]
JWH-018 Kuning - cokelat[50]
JWH-200 Kuning gelap - cokelat[51]
AM-2201 Kuning - cokelat[52]
JWH-203 Kuning - jingga[53]
RCS-4-C4 homolog Cokelat[54]
AM-694 Kuning gelap[55]
MAM-2201 Hijau - cokelat[56]
AM-2233 Kuning[57]
STS-135 (obat) Cokelat[58]
4-MeO-PCP Cokelat[59]
Metoksetamina Jingga - cokelat[60]
Etketamin Kuning pucat[61]
3-HO-PCE Cokelat gelap[62]
5-MeO-DALT Cokelat gelap - black[63]
4-metil-aET Cokelat[64]
4-AcO-DALT Hitam[65]
4-HO-MET Hitam[66]
4-HO-MIPT Hitam[67]
4-AcO-DET Hitam[68]
DPT Cokelat gelap
aMT Hitam[69]
5-IT Cokelat gelap[70]
5-APB Hitam[71]
6-APB Ungu gelap[72]
Kamfetamina Merah gelap[73]
Metiopropamina Cokelat gelap[74]
MDAI Hijau > hitam[75]
5-IAI Cokelat gelap[76]
Petidin Merah - jingga[77]
Meskalin Hitam[78]
Alileskalin Cokelat - black[79]
2C-T-2 Merah[80]
2C-P Hijau[81]
2C-C Kuning > hitam > bening
2C-B Kuning → hitam
b-metoksi-2C-D Hijau[82]

Lihat juga

Referensi

  1. ↑ Benjamin Horowitz. A Study of the Action of Ammonia on Thymol. Bibliolife. 2009. hlm. 26. ISBN 978-1-110-61089-1.
  2. ↑ Suzanne Bell. Dictionary of Forensic Science (Facts on File Science Dictionary) (Facts on File Science Dictionary Series.). Facts on File Inc. 30 Jun 2004. hlm. 142. ISBN 978-0-8160-5131-1.
  3. ↑ Harry G. Brittain. Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances and Excipients. Academic Press. 20 Mar 1998. Vol. 25. hlm. 106. ISBN 978-0-12-260825-4.
  4. ↑ Archived copy.
  5. ↑ Osamu Suzuki. Drugs and Poisons in Humans: A Handbook of Practical Analysis. Springer. 16 January 2006. ISBN 9783540275794.
  6. ↑ Suzanne Bell. Dictionary of Forensic Science (Facts on File Science Dictionary) (Facts on File Science Dictionary Series.). Facts on File Inc. 30 Jun 2004. hlm. 142. ISBN 978-0-8160-5131-1.
  7. ↑ Suzanne Bell. Dictionary of Forensic Science (Facts on File Science Dictionary) (Facts on File Science Dictionary Series.). Facts on File Inc. 30 Jun 2004. hlm. 142. ISBN 978-0-8160-5131-1.
  8. ↑ NARK® II Narcotics Test - NARK20031 - Liebermann Reagent - Meth/Morphine.
  9. ↑ EMCDDA. EMCDDA Risk Assessment: Report on the Risk Assessment of PMMA in the Framework of the Joint Action on New Synthetic Drugs. Dictus Publishing. 30 Mar 2011. hlm. 54. ISBN 978-3-8433-2695-7.
  10. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  11. ↑ EMCDDA. EMCDDA Risk Assessment: Report on the Risk Assessment of PMMA in the Framework of the Joint Action on New Synthetic Drugs. Dictus Publishing. 30 Mar 2011. hlm. 54. ISBN 978-3-8433-2695-7.
  12. ↑ How to test AMPHETAMINE?. 28 September 2020.
  13. ↑ NARK® II Narcotics Test - NARK20031 - Liebermann Reagent - Meth/Morphine.
  14. ↑ Analytical Data of Designated Substances Controlled by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan, Part II: Color Test and TLC. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2008. Vol. 128 (6). hlm. 981–7. doi:10.1248/yakushi.128.981.
  15. ↑ 4-FA reaction colour results with liebermann and froehde reagent test kits. Reagent Tests UK. 3 January 2016.
  16. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  17. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  18. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  19. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  20. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  21. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  22. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  23. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  24. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  25. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  26. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  27. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  28. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  29. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  30. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  31. ↑ Color Tests for the Preliminary Identification of Methcathinone and Analogues of Methcathinone. Microgram Journal. 2012. Vol. 9 (1). hlm. 27–32.
  32. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  33. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  34. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  35. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  36. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  37. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  38. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  39. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  40. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  41. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  42. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  43. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  44. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  45. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  46. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  47. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  48. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  49. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  50. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  51. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  52. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  53. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  54. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  55. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  56. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  57. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  58. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  59. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  60. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  61. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  62. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  63. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  64. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  65. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  66. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  67. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  68. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  69. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  70. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  71. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  72. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  73. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  74. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  75. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  76. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  77. ↑ Rapid Testing Methods of Drugs of Abuse. United Nations International Drug Control Programme. 2012.
  78. ↑ Rapid Testing Methods of Drugs of Abuse. United Nations International Drug Control Programme. 2012.
  79. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  80. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  81. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.
  82. ↑ Color Tests and Analytical Difficulties With Emerging Drugs of Abuse. Johnson County Sheriff’s Office Criminalistics Laboratory. 2012.

Sumber dan atribusi

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