Proses 7 nm: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Pada bidang [[Fabrikasi semikonduktor|manufaktur semikonduktor]], dalam Peta Jalan Perangkat dan Sistem Internasional mendefinisikan proses 7 nm adalah generasi lanjutan dari teknologi MOSFET [[proses 10 nm]]. Proses ini didasarkan pada teknologi FinFET (fin field-effect transistor), sejenis teknologi MOSFET multi-gerbang. | Pada bidang [[Fabrikasi semikonduktor|manufaktur semikonduktor]], dalam Peta Jalan Perangkat dan Sistem Internasional mendefinisikan proses 7 nm adalah generasi lanjutan dari teknologi MOSFET [[proses 10 nm]]. Proses ini didasarkan pada teknologi FinFET (fin field-effect transistor), sejenis teknologi MOSFET multi-gerbang. | ||
[[TSMC|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company]] (TSMC) memulai produksi chip memori [[SRAM]] 256 Mbit menggunakan proses 7 nm yang disebut N7 pada Juni 2016, kemudian Samsung memulai produksi massal proses 7 nm mereka yang disebut perangkat 7LPP pada tahun 2018. Produk awal untuk teknologi prosesor 7 nm adalah Apple A12 Bionic, dirilis pada acara Apple September 2018. Meskipun Huawei mengumumkan prosesor 7 nm ([[Kirin 980]]) miliknya sendiri sebelum [[Apple A12]] Bionic, pada 31 Agustus 2018, tetapi Apple A12 Bionic dirilis di pasarkan massal lebih awal. Kedua chip tersebut diproduksi oleh TSMC. | [[TSMC|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company]] (TSMC) memulai produksi chip memori [[SRAM]] 256 Mbit menggunakan proses 7 nm yang disebut N7 pada Juni 2016,<ref>[https://www.tsmc.com/english/dedicatedFoundry/technology/7nm.htm 7nm Technology]. TSMC.</ref> kemudian Samsung memulai produksi massal proses 7 nm mereka yang disebut perangkat 7LPP pada tahun 2018.<ref>Monica Chen. [https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20180622PD204.html TSMC ramping up 7nm chip production]. ''DigiTimes''. 22 June 2018.</ref> Produk awal untuk teknologi prosesor 7 nm adalah Apple A12 Bionic, dirilis pada acara Apple September 2018.<ref>Stephen Shankland. [https://www.cnet.com/news/iphone-xs-a12-bionic-chip-is-industry-first-7nm-cpu/ Apple's A12 Bionic CPU for the new iPhone XS is ahead of the industry moving to 7nm chip manufacturing tech]. ''CNET''. September 12, 2018.</ref> Meskipun Huawei mengumumkan prosesor 7 nm ([[Kirin 980]]) miliknya sendiri sebelum [[Apple A12]] Bionic, pada 31 Agustus 2018, tetapi Apple A12 Bionic dirilis di pasarkan massal lebih awal. Kedua chip tersebut diproduksi oleh TSMC.<ref>N. Summers. [https://www.engadget.com/2018/09/12/apple-a12-bionic-7-nanometer-chip/ Apple's A12 Bionic is the first 7-nanometer smartphone chip]. ''Engadget''. September 12, 2018.</ref> | ||
Pada tahun 2017 [[AMD]] merilis prosesor "Roma" (EPYC 2) untuk aplikasi server dan pusat data, yang didasarkan pada proses N7 TSMC | Pada tahun 2017 [[AMD]] merilis prosesor "Roma" (EPYC 2) untuk aplikasi server dan pusat data, yang didasarkan pada proses N7 TSMC <ref>Ryan Smith. [https://www.anandtech.com/show/13122/amd-rome-epyc-cpus-to-be-fabbed-by-tsmc AMD "Rome" EPYC CPUs to Be Fabbed By TSMC]. ''AnandTech''. July 26, 2018.</ref> dengan fitur 64 inti dan 128 utas. Mereka juga merilis prosesor desktop konsumen "Matisse" dengan fitur 16 inti dan 32 utas. Namun, cetakan I/O pada modul multi-chip Roma (MCM) dibuat dengan proses 14 nm (14HP) oleh [[GlobalFoundries]], sementara cetakan I/O Matisse menggunakan proses 12 nm (12LP+) GlobalFoundries. Seri Radeon RX 5000 juga didasarkan pada proses N7 TSMC.<ref>J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Proses node 7 nm dan proses offering | |||
! | |||
! colspan=2|[[Samsung Electronics|Samsung]] | |||
! colspan=4|[[TSMC]] | |||
! [[Intel]] | |||
! colspan=3|[[Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation|SMIC]] | |||
|- | |||
! Process name | |||
| 7LPP<ref>[https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/1479/vlsi-2018-samsungs-2nd-gen-7nm-euv-goes-hvm/ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM]. ''WikiChip''. August 4, 2018.</ref><ref>[https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-electronics-starts-production-of-euv-based-7nm-lpp-process Samsung Electronics Starts Production of EUV-based 7nm LPP Process]. ''Samsung Newsroom''. October 18, 2018.</ref> | |||
| 6LPP<ref>[https://www.anandtech.com/show/15538/samsung-starts-mass-production-at-v1-a-dedicated-euv-fab-for-7nm-6nm-5nm-4nm-3nm-nodes Samsung Starts Mass Production at V1: A Dedicated EUV Fab for 7nm, 6nm, 5nm, 4nm, 3nm Nodes].</ref> | |||
| N7<ref>IEDM 2016</ref> | |||
| N7P<ref>David Schor. [https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/2567/tsmc-talks-7nm-5nm-yield-and-next-gen-5g-and-hpc-packaging/ TSMC Talks 7nm, 5nm, Yield, And Next-Gen 5G And HPC Packaging]. ''WikiChip Fuse''. July 28, 2019.</ref> | |||
| N7+<ref>[https://www.eetimes.com/tsmc-goes-photon-to-cloud/ TSMC Goes Photon to Cloud]. ''EETimes''. October 4, 2018.</ref> | |||
| N6 | |||
| Intel 7<ref>Ian Cutress. [https://www.anandtech.com/show/16823/intel-accelerated-offensive-process-roadmap-updates-to-10nm-7nm-4nm-3nm-20a-18a-packaging-foundry-emib-foveros Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!]. ''www.anandtech.com''.</ref> (10 nm)<ref>Gavin Bonshor. [https://www.anandtech.com/print/17601/intel-core-i9-13900k-and-i5-13600k-review Intel Core i9-13900K and i5-13600K Review: Raptor Lake Brings More Bite]. ''AnandTech''. 20 October 2022.</ref> | |||
| N+1 (>7 nm) | |||
| N+2 (7 nm) | |||
| 7 nm EUV | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | Transistor density (MTr/mm<sup>2</sup>) | |||
| 95.08–100.59<ref>[https://semiwiki.com/semiconductor-manufacturers/intel/285192-can-tsmc-maintain-their-process-technology-lead/ Can TSMC Maintain Their Process Technology Lead]. July 18, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/6932/samsung-3nm-gaafet-enters-risk-production-discusses-next-gen-improvements/ Samsung 3nm GAAFET Enters Risk Production; Discusses Next-Gen Improvements]. July 5, 2022.</ref> | |||
| | |||
| colspan=2|91.2–96.5<ref>Scotten Jones. [https://semiwiki.com/semiconductor-manufacturers/samsung-foundry/8157-tsmc-and-samsung-5nm-comparison/ TSMC and Samsung 5nm Comparison]. ''Semiwiki''. May 3, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/7048/n3e-replaces-n3-comes-in-many-flavors/ N3E Replaces N3; Comes in Many Flavors]. September 4, 2022.</ref> | |||
| 113.9<ref>Scotten Jones. [https://semiwiki.com/semiconductor-manufacturers/samsung-foundry/8157-tsmc-and-samsung-5nm-comparison/ TSMC and Samsung 5nm Comparison]. ''Semiwiki''. May 3, 2019.</ref> | |||
| 114.2<ref>David Schor. [https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/2261/tsmc-announces-6-nanometer-process/ TSMC Announces 6-Nanometer Process]. ''WikiChip Fuse''. April 16, 2019.</ref> | |||
| 100.76–106.1<ref>Scotten Jones. [https://semiwiki.com/semiconductor-manufacturers/intel/285192-can-tsmc-maintain-their-process-technology-lead/ Can TSMC Maintain Their Process Technology Lead]. July 18, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.anandtech.com/show/16823/intel-accelerated-offensive-process-roadmap-updates-to-10nm-7nm-4nm-3nm-20a-18a-packaging-foundry-emib-foveros Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: With 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!].</ref> 60.41<ref>David Schor. [https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/6720/a-look-at-intel-4-process-technology/ A Look At Intel 4 Process Technology]. ''WikiChip Fuse''. 2022-06-19.</ref> | |||
| 89<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/smic-mass-produces-14nm-nodes-003531507.html SMIC Mass Produces 14nm Nodes, Advances To 5nm, 7nm]. September 16, 2022.</ref> | |||
| <ref>[https://wappass.baidu.com/static/captcha/tuxing.html?ak=572be823e2f50ea759a616c060d6b9f1&backurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmbd.baidu.com%2Fnewspage%2Fdata%2Flandingsuper%3Fid%3D1776250041672964514%26third%3Dbaijiahao%26baijiahao_id%3D1776250041672964514%26wfr%3D%26c_source%3Dkunlun%26c_score%3D0.999100×tamp=1694030583&signature=98639f61033724d3dda06d0cfa835744 百度安全验证]. ''wappass.baidu.com''.</ref> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | SRAM bit-cell size | |||
| 0.0262 μm<sup>2</sup><ref>[https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/1479/vlsi-2018-samsungs-2nd-gen-7nm-euv-goes-hvm/ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM]. ''WikiChip Fuse''. 2018-08-04.</ref> | |||
| | |||
| colspan=2|0.027 μm<sup>2</sup><ref>[https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/1479/vlsi-2018-samsungs-2nd-gen-7nm-euv-goes-hvm/ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM]. ''WikiChip Fuse''. 2018-08-04.</ref> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| 0.0312 μm<sup>2</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | Transistor gate pitch | |||
| 54 nm | |||
| | |||
| colspan=4|57 nm | |||
| 54 nm | |||
| | |||
| 63 nm | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | Transistor fin pitch | |||
| 27 nm | |||
| | |||
| colspan=2| N/A | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| 34 nm | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | Transistor fin height | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| colspan=2| N/A | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| 53 nm | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | Minimum (metal) pitch | |||
| 46 nm | |||
| | |||
| colspan=4|40 nm | |||
| 40 nm<ref>Ryan Smith. [https://www.anandtech.com/show/17448/intel-4-process-node-in-detail-2x-density-scaling-20-improved-performance Intel 4 Process Node In Detail: 2x Density Scaling, 20% Improved Performance]. ''AnandTech''. June 13, 2022.</ref> | |||
| | |||
| 42 nm | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | EUV implementation | |||
| 36 nm pitch metal;<ref>J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).</ref><br />20% of total layer set | |||
| | |||
| colspan=2|None, used self-aligned quad patterning ([[Multiple patterning|SAQP]]) instead | |||
| 4 layers | |||
| 5 layers | |||
| None. Relied on [[Multiple patterning|SAQP]] heavily | |||
| None | |||
| None | |||
| Yes (after N+2) | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | EUV-limited wafer output | |||
| 1500 wafers/day<ref>[https://www.eetimes.com/samsung-ramps-7nm-euv-chips/ Samsung Ramps 7nm EUV Chips]. ''EETimes''. October 17, 2018.</ref> | |||
| | |||
| colspan=2|N/A | |||
| ~ 1000 wafers/day<ref>[http://www.tsmc.com/uploadfile/ir/quarterly/2018/1yZjH/E/TSMC%201Q18%20transcript.pdf TSMC Q1 2018 earnings call transcript, p.12].</ref> | |||
| | |||
| N/A | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | Multipatterning <br />(≥ 2 masks on a layer) | |||
| Fins<br />Gate<br />Vias (double-patterned)<ref>W. C. Jeong et al., VLSI Technology 2017.</ref><br />Metal 1 (triple-patterned)<ref>W. C. Jeong et al., VLSI Technology 2017.</ref><br />44 nm pitch metal (quad-patterned)<ref>J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).</ref> | |||
| | |||
| colspan=2|Fins<br />Gate<br />Contacts/vias (quad-patterned)<ref>Tom Dillinger. [https://semiwiki.com/semiconductor-manufacturers/tsmc/6676-top-10-updates-from-the-tsmc-technology-symposium-part-ii/ Top 10 Updates from the TSMC Technology Symposium, Part II]. ''SemiWiki''. March 23, 2017.</ref><br />Lowest 10 metal layers | |||
| Same as N7, with reduction on 4 EUV layers | |||
| Same as N7, with reduction on 5 EUV layers | |||
| | |||
| multipatterning with DUV | |||
| multipatterning with DUV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:left;" | Release status | |||
| <br />2019 production | |||
| | |||
| <br />2018 production<ref>[https://www.tsmc.com/english/dedicatedFoundry/technology/7nm.htm 7nm Technology]. TSMC.</ref> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| <br />2020 production | |||
| <ref>Ian Cutress. [https://www.anandtech.com/show/16823/intel-accelerated-offensive-process-roadmap-updates-to-10nm-7nm-4nm-3nm-20a-18a-packaging-foundry-emib-foveros Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!]. ''www.anandtech.com''.</ref> | |||
| | |||
| <ref>Paul Alcorn. [https://www.tomshardware.com/news/china-chipmaker-smics-7nm-process-is-reportedly-copied-from-tsmc-tech China's SMIC Shipping 7nm Chips, Reportedly Copied TSMC's Tech]. ''Tom's Hardware''. 21 July 2022.</ref> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
== Lihat pula == | == Lihat pula == | ||
| Baris 35: | Baris 163: | ||
* [[Semikonduktor]] | * [[Semikonduktor]] | ||
* [[Nanometer]] | * [[Nanometer]] | ||
== Pranala luar == | == Pranala luar == | ||
* [https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/7_nm_lithography_process 7 nm lithography process] | * [https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/7_nm_lithography_process 7 nm lithography process] | ||
== Referensi == | |||
<references /> | |||
== Sumber dan atribusi == | == Sumber dan atribusi == | ||
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proses+7+nm&oldid=29454921 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29454921 (2026-07-13T23:50:47Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku. | Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari [https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proses+7+nm&oldid=29454921 Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia], revisi 29454921 (2026-07-13T23:50:47Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku. | ||
<!-- WIKI_UNISSULA_PRESENTATION_V4 --> | |||
Revisi terkini sejak 23 Agustus 2026 10.22
Pada bidang manufaktur semikonduktor, dalam Peta Jalan Perangkat dan Sistem Internasional mendefinisikan proses 7 nm adalah generasi lanjutan dari teknologi MOSFET proses 10 nm. Proses ini didasarkan pada teknologi FinFET (fin field-effect transistor), sejenis teknologi MOSFET multi-gerbang.
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) memulai produksi chip memori SRAM 256 Mbit menggunakan proses 7 nm yang disebut N7 pada Juni 2016,[1] kemudian Samsung memulai produksi massal proses 7 nm mereka yang disebut perangkat 7LPP pada tahun 2018.[2] Produk awal untuk teknologi prosesor 7 nm adalah Apple A12 Bionic, dirilis pada acara Apple September 2018.[3] Meskipun Huawei mengumumkan prosesor 7 nm (Kirin 980) miliknya sendiri sebelum Apple A12 Bionic, pada 31 Agustus 2018, tetapi Apple A12 Bionic dirilis di pasarkan massal lebih awal. Kedua chip tersebut diproduksi oleh TSMC.[4]
Pada tahun 2017 AMD merilis prosesor "Roma" (EPYC 2) untuk aplikasi server dan pusat data, yang didasarkan pada proses N7 TSMC [5] dengan fitur 64 inti dan 128 utas. Mereka juga merilis prosesor desktop konsumen "Matisse" dengan fitur 16 inti dan 32 utas. Namun, cetakan I/O pada modul multi-chip Roma (MCM) dibuat dengan proses 14 nm (14HP) oleh GlobalFoundries, sementara cetakan I/O Matisse menggunakan proses 12 nm (12LP+) GlobalFoundries. Seri Radeon RX 5000 juga didasarkan pada proses N7 TSMC.[6]
| Samsung | TSMC | Intel | SMIC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Process name | 7LPP[7][8] | 6LPP[9] | N7[10] | N7P[11] | N7+[12] | N6 | Intel 7[13] (10 nm)[14] | N+1 (>7 nm) | N+2 (7 nm) | 7 nm EUV |
| Transistor density (MTr/mm2) | 95.08–100.59[15][16] | 91.2–96.5[17][18] | 113.9[19] | 114.2[20] | 100.76–106.1[21][22] 60.41[23] | 89[24] | [25] | |||
| SRAM bit-cell size | 0.0262 μm2[26] | 0.027 μm2[27] | 0.0312 μm2 | |||||||
| Transistor gate pitch | 54 nm | 57 nm | 54 nm | 63 nm | ||||||
| Transistor fin pitch | 27 nm | N/A | 34 nm | |||||||
| Transistor fin height | N/A | 53 nm | ||||||||
| Minimum (metal) pitch | 46 nm | 40 nm | 40 nm[28] | 42 nm | ||||||
| EUV implementation | 36 nm pitch metal;[29] 20% of total layer set |
None, used self-aligned quad patterning (SAQP) instead | 4 layers | 5 layers | None. Relied on SAQP heavily | None | None | Yes (after N+2) | ||
| EUV-limited wafer output | 1500 wafers/day[30] | N/A | ~ 1000 wafers/day[31] | N/A | ||||||
| Multipatterning (≥ 2 masks on a layer) |
Fins Gate Vias (double-patterned)[32] Metal 1 (triple-patterned)[33] 44 nm pitch metal (quad-patterned)[34] |
Fins Gate Contacts/vias (quad-patterned)[35] Lowest 10 metal layers |
Same as N7, with reduction on 4 EUV layers | Same as N7, with reduction on 5 EUV layers | multipatterning with DUV | multipatterning with DUV | ||||
| Release status | 2019 production |
2018 production[36] |
2020 production |
[37] | [38] | |||||
Lihat pula
- International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
- Fabrikasi semikonduktor
- Fotolitografi
- Litografi ultraviolet ekstrem
- Litografi rendam
- ASML Holding pemasok sistem fotolitografi terbesar, terutama untuk industri semikonduktor.
- SEMI — The semiconductor industry trade association
- Electronic design automation
- Fab
- Foundry
- GDS-II
- OASIS
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company TSMC
- Applied Materials
- KLA Corporation
- Lam Research
- Tokyo Electron
- GlobalFoundries
- United Microelectronics Corporation
- Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation
- Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment
- Sirkuit terpadu
- Mikroprosesor
- Unit Pemroses Sentral
- MOSFET
- Transistor
- Semikonduktor
- Nanometer
Pranala luar
Referensi
- ↑ 7nm Technology. TSMC.
- ↑ Monica Chen. TSMC ramping up 7nm chip production. DigiTimes. 22 June 2018.
- ↑ Stephen Shankland. Apple's A12 Bionic CPU for the new iPhone XS is ahead of the industry moving to 7nm chip manufacturing tech. CNET. September 12, 2018.
- ↑ N. Summers. Apple's A12 Bionic is the first 7-nanometer smartphone chip. Engadget. September 12, 2018.
- ↑ Ryan Smith. AMD "Rome" EPYC CPUs to Be Fabbed By TSMC. AnandTech. July 26, 2018.
- ↑ J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).
- ↑ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM. WikiChip. August 4, 2018.
- ↑ Samsung Electronics Starts Production of EUV-based 7nm LPP Process. Samsung Newsroom. October 18, 2018.
- ↑ Samsung Starts Mass Production at V1: A Dedicated EUV Fab for 7nm, 6nm, 5nm, 4nm, 3nm Nodes.
- ↑ IEDM 2016
- ↑ David Schor. TSMC Talks 7nm, 5nm, Yield, And Next-Gen 5G And HPC Packaging. WikiChip Fuse. July 28, 2019.
- ↑ TSMC Goes Photon to Cloud. EETimes. October 4, 2018.
- ↑ Ian Cutress. Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!. www.anandtech.com.
- ↑ Gavin Bonshor. Intel Core i9-13900K and i5-13600K Review: Raptor Lake Brings More Bite. AnandTech. 20 October 2022.
- ↑ Can TSMC Maintain Their Process Technology Lead. July 18, 2023.
- ↑ Samsung 3nm GAAFET Enters Risk Production; Discusses Next-Gen Improvements. July 5, 2022.
- ↑ Scotten Jones. TSMC and Samsung 5nm Comparison. Semiwiki. May 3, 2019.
- ↑ N3E Replaces N3; Comes in Many Flavors. September 4, 2022.
- ↑ Scotten Jones. TSMC and Samsung 5nm Comparison. Semiwiki. May 3, 2019.
- ↑ David Schor. TSMC Announces 6-Nanometer Process. WikiChip Fuse. April 16, 2019.
- ↑ Scotten Jones. Can TSMC Maintain Their Process Technology Lead. July 18, 2023.
- ↑ Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: With 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!.
- ↑ David Schor. A Look At Intel 4 Process Technology. WikiChip Fuse. 2022-06-19.
- ↑ SMIC Mass Produces 14nm Nodes, Advances To 5nm, 7nm. September 16, 2022.
- ↑ 百度安全验证. wappass.baidu.com.
- ↑ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM. WikiChip Fuse. 2018-08-04.
- ↑ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM. WikiChip Fuse. 2018-08-04.
- ↑ Ryan Smith. Intel 4 Process Node In Detail: 2x Density Scaling, 20% Improved Performance. AnandTech. June 13, 2022.
- ↑ J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).
- ↑ Samsung Ramps 7nm EUV Chips. EETimes. October 17, 2018.
- ↑ TSMC Q1 2018 earnings call transcript, p.12.
- ↑ W. C. Jeong et al., VLSI Technology 2017.
- ↑ W. C. Jeong et al., VLSI Technology 2017.
- ↑ J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).
- ↑ Tom Dillinger. Top 10 Updates from the TSMC Technology Symposium, Part II. SemiWiki. March 23, 2017.
- ↑ 7nm Technology. TSMC.
- ↑ Ian Cutress. Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!. www.anandtech.com.
- ↑ Paul Alcorn. China's SMIC Shipping 7nm Chips, Reportedly Copied TSMC's Tech. Tom's Hardware. 21 July 2022.
Sumber dan atribusi
Konten artikel ini diadaptasi dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, revisi 29454921 (2026-07-13T23:50:47Z), yang tersedia berdasarkan lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa (CC BY-SA). Mohon gunakan konten ini secara bijak serta sesuai dengan ketentuan lisensi yang berlaku.