Proses 7 nm
Pada bidang manufaktur semikonduktor, dalam Peta Jalan Perangkat dan Sistem Internasional mendefinisikan proses 7 nm adalah generasi lanjutan dari teknologi MOSFET proses 10 nm. Proses ini didasarkan pada teknologi FinFET (fin field-effect transistor), sejenis teknologi MOSFET multi-gerbang.
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) memulai produksi chip memori SRAM 256 Mbit menggunakan proses 7 nm yang disebut N7 pada Juni 2016,[1] kemudian Samsung memulai produksi massal proses 7 nm mereka yang disebut perangkat 7LPP pada tahun 2018.[2] Produk awal untuk teknologi prosesor 7 nm adalah Apple A12 Bionic, dirilis pada acara Apple September 2018.[3] Meskipun Huawei mengumumkan prosesor 7 nm (Kirin 980) miliknya sendiri sebelum Apple A12 Bionic, pada 31 Agustus 2018, tetapi Apple A12 Bionic dirilis di pasarkan massal lebih awal. Kedua chip tersebut diproduksi oleh TSMC.[4]
Pada tahun 2017 AMD merilis prosesor "Roma" (EPYC 2) untuk aplikasi server dan pusat data, yang didasarkan pada proses N7 TSMC [5] dengan fitur 64 inti dan 128 utas. Mereka juga merilis prosesor desktop konsumen "Matisse" dengan fitur 16 inti dan 32 utas. Namun, cetakan I/O pada modul multi-chip Roma (MCM) dibuat dengan proses 14 nm (14HP) oleh GlobalFoundries, sementara cetakan I/O Matisse menggunakan proses 12 nm (12LP+) GlobalFoundries. Seri Radeon RX 5000 juga didasarkan pada proses N7 TSMC.[6]
| Samsung | TSMC | Intel | SMIC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Process name | 7LPP[7][8] | 6LPP[9] | N7[10] | N7P[11] | N7+[12] | N6 | Intel 7[13] (10 nm)[14] | N+1 (>7 nm) | N+2 (7 nm) | 7 nm EUV |
| Transistor density (MTr/mm2) | 95.08–100.59[15][16] | 91.2–96.5[17][18] | 113.9[19] | 114.2[20] | 100.76–106.1[21][22] 60.41[23] | 89[24] | [25] | |||
| SRAM bit-cell size | 0.0262 μm2[26] | 0.027 μm2[27] | 0.0312 μm2 | |||||||
| Transistor gate pitch | 54 nm | 57 nm | 54 nm | 63 nm | ||||||
| Transistor fin pitch | 27 nm | N/A | 34 nm | |||||||
| Transistor fin height | N/A | 53 nm | ||||||||
| Minimum (metal) pitch | 46 nm | 40 nm | 40 nm[28] | 42 nm | ||||||
| EUV implementation | 36 nm pitch metal;[29] 20% of total layer set |
None, used self-aligned quad patterning (SAQP) instead | 4 layers | 5 layers | None. Relied on SAQP heavily | None | None | Yes (after N+2) | ||
| EUV-limited wafer output | 1500 wafers/day[30] | N/A | ~ 1000 wafers/day[31] | N/A | ||||||
| Multipatterning (≥ 2 masks on a layer) |
Fins Gate Vias (double-patterned)[32] Metal 1 (triple-patterned)[33] 44 nm pitch metal (quad-patterned)[34] |
Fins Gate Contacts/vias (quad-patterned)[35] Lowest 10 metal layers |
Same as N7, with reduction on 4 EUV layers | Same as N7, with reduction on 5 EUV layers | multipatterning with DUV | multipatterning with DUV | ||||
| Release status | 2019 production |
2018 production[36] |
2020 production |
[37] | [38] | |||||
Lihat pula
- International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
- Fabrikasi semikonduktor
- Fotolitografi
- Litografi ultraviolet ekstrem
- Litografi rendam
- ASML Holding pemasok sistem fotolitografi terbesar, terutama untuk industri semikonduktor.
- SEMI — The semiconductor industry trade association
- Electronic design automation
- Fab
- Foundry
- GDS-II
- OASIS
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company TSMC
- Applied Materials
- KLA Corporation
- Lam Research
- Tokyo Electron
- GlobalFoundries
- United Microelectronics Corporation
- Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation
- Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment
- Sirkuit terpadu
- Mikroprosesor
- Unit Pemroses Sentral
- MOSFET
- Transistor
- Semikonduktor
- Nanometer
Pranala luar
Referensi
- ↑ 7nm Technology. TSMC.
- ↑ Monica Chen. TSMC ramping up 7nm chip production. DigiTimes. 22 June 2018.
- ↑ Stephen Shankland. Apple's A12 Bionic CPU for the new iPhone XS is ahead of the industry moving to 7nm chip manufacturing tech. CNET. September 12, 2018.
- ↑ N. Summers. Apple's A12 Bionic is the first 7-nanometer smartphone chip. Engadget. September 12, 2018.
- ↑ Ryan Smith. AMD "Rome" EPYC CPUs to Be Fabbed By TSMC. AnandTech. July 26, 2018.
- ↑ J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).
- ↑ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM. WikiChip. August 4, 2018.
- ↑ Samsung Electronics Starts Production of EUV-based 7nm LPP Process. Samsung Newsroom. October 18, 2018.
- ↑ Samsung Starts Mass Production at V1: A Dedicated EUV Fab for 7nm, 6nm, 5nm, 4nm, 3nm Nodes.
- ↑ IEDM 2016
- ↑ David Schor. TSMC Talks 7nm, 5nm, Yield, And Next-Gen 5G And HPC Packaging. WikiChip Fuse. July 28, 2019.
- ↑ TSMC Goes Photon to Cloud. EETimes. October 4, 2018.
- ↑ Ian Cutress. Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!. www.anandtech.com.
- ↑ Gavin Bonshor. Intel Core i9-13900K and i5-13600K Review: Raptor Lake Brings More Bite. AnandTech. 20 October 2022.
- ↑ Can TSMC Maintain Their Process Technology Lead. July 18, 2023.
- ↑ Samsung 3nm GAAFET Enters Risk Production; Discusses Next-Gen Improvements. July 5, 2022.
- ↑ Scotten Jones. TSMC and Samsung 5nm Comparison. Semiwiki. May 3, 2019.
- ↑ N3E Replaces N3; Comes in Many Flavors. September 4, 2022.
- ↑ Scotten Jones. TSMC and Samsung 5nm Comparison. Semiwiki. May 3, 2019.
- ↑ David Schor. TSMC Announces 6-Nanometer Process. WikiChip Fuse. April 16, 2019.
- ↑ Scotten Jones. Can TSMC Maintain Their Process Technology Lead. July 18, 2023.
- ↑ Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: With 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!.
- ↑ David Schor. A Look At Intel 4 Process Technology. WikiChip Fuse. 2022-06-19.
- ↑ SMIC Mass Produces 14nm Nodes, Advances To 5nm, 7nm. September 16, 2022.
- ↑ 百度安全验证. wappass.baidu.com.
- ↑ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM. WikiChip Fuse. 2018-08-04.
- ↑ VLSI 2018: Samsung's 2nd Gen 7nm, EUV Goes HVM. WikiChip Fuse. 2018-08-04.
- ↑ Ryan Smith. Intel 4 Process Node In Detail: 2x Density Scaling, 20% Improved Performance. AnandTech. June 13, 2022.
- ↑ J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).
- ↑ Samsung Ramps 7nm EUV Chips. EETimes. October 17, 2018.
- ↑ TSMC Q1 2018 earnings call transcript, p.12.
- ↑ W. C. Jeong et al., VLSI Technology 2017.
- ↑ W. C. Jeong et al., VLSI Technology 2017.
- ↑ J. Kim et al., Proc. SPIE 10962, 1096204 (2019).
- ↑ Tom Dillinger. Top 10 Updates from the TSMC Technology Symposium, Part II. SemiWiki. March 23, 2017.
- ↑ 7nm Technology. TSMC.
- ↑ Ian Cutress. Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?!. www.anandtech.com.
- ↑ Paul Alcorn. China's SMIC Shipping 7nm Chips, Reportedly Copied TSMC's Tech. Tom's Hardware. 21 July 2022.
Sumber dan atribusi
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