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Siklus generator gas

Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
Gas generator rocket cycle

Siklus generator gas, juga disebut siklus terbuka, adalah salah satu siklus daya yang paling umum digunakan dalam mesin roket cair bipropelan.

Bahan bakar propelan dibakar dalam generator gas (atau "preburner") dan gas panas yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk menggerakkan pompa bahan bakar propelan sebelum dibuang ke laut dan hilang. Karena kehilangan ini, jenis mesin ini disebut siklus terbuka.[1][2]

Produk buangan dari siklus generator gas melewati turbin terlebih dahulu. Kemudian, produk buangan tersebut dibuang ke laut. Produk buangan tersebut dapat dibuang langsung dari turbin, atau terkadang dibuang ke nosel (hilir dari leher) untuk sedikit peningkatan efisiensi.

Ruang pembakaran utama tidak menggunakan produk ini. Hal ini menjelaskan nama siklus terbuka. Kerugian utamanya adalah propelan ini hanya memberikan sedikit atau tidak sama sekali dorongan karena tidak disuntikkan ke dalam ruang pembakaran. Keuntungan utama dari siklus ini adalah berkurangnya kompleksitas teknik dibandingkan dengan siklus pembakaran bertahap (tertutup).

Contoh

  • RD-107 , RD-108—Tipe mesin Soviet yang dikembangkan pada tahun 1950-an, digunakan pada kendaraan keluarga R-7 termasuk Soyuz-2 yang masih aktif.
  • F-1 — Mesin RP-1 / LOX digunakan pada tahap pertama Saturn V. Mesin berbahan bakar cair dengan ruang pembakaran tunggal terkuat yang pernah diterbangkan.
  • J-2 —Mesin LH2 /LOX tahap atas yang dikembangkan pada tahun 1960-an dan digunakan pada Saturn V.
  • RS-27A —Mesin RP-1/LOX Amerika pertama kali diterbangkan pada tahun 1990.
  • Vulcain —Sebuah keluarga mesin tahap pertama Eropa yang menggunakan LH2/LOX yang diterbangkan pada Ariane 5 dan Ariane 6.
  • Mesin Merlin —RP-1/LOX yang dikembangkan oleh SpaceX untuk Falcon 9 dan Falcon Heavy , digunakan pada tahap pertama dan kedua.
  • RS-68 —Mesin LH2/LOX yang dibuat pada tahun 1990-an oleh Aerojet Rocketdyne . Mesin roket berbahan bakar hidrogen terbesar yang pernah diterbangkan.
  • CE-20 —Mesin LH2/LOX India yang dikembangkan pada tahun 2010-an untuk digunakan pada kendaraan peluncur LVM3.
  • YF-20 —Mesin N2O4 / UDMH Cina yang dikembangkan pada tahun 1990-an dan digunakan pada Long March 2, 3, dan 4.
  • TQ-12 — Mesin LCH4 /LOX yang dikembangkan oleh LandSpace. Pertama kali terbang pada tahun 2022 menggunakan Zhuque-2.

Mesin roket orbital dengan siklus generator gas

Mesin Asal Perancang Kendaraan Status Pengguna Propelan Siklus daya Impuls spesifik (s) Daya dorong (N) Tekanan ruang (bar) Massa (kg) Daya dorong:rasio berat Rasio pengoksidasi:bahan bakar
Aeon-R Relativity Space Terran R Development 1st, 2nd CH4 / LOX Gas generator
CE-20 LPSC GSLV Mk III Active Upper LH2 / LOX Gas generator
E2 ABL Space Systems RS1 Active 1st RP-1 / LOX // Jet-A / LOX Gas generator [3] 64
E2 Vacuum ABL Space Systems RS1 Active 2nd RP-1 / LOX // Jet-A / LOX Gas generator [4]
Merlin 1D FT SpaceX Falcon 9 B5, Heavy Active 1st RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [5]
(SL)[6] 		[7] [8]
Merlin Vacuum 1D SpaceX Falcon 9 B5, Heavy Active 2nd RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [9] [10]
RD-107A,
14Д22 		NPO Energomash Soyuz-FG, -2 Active 1st RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [11]
(SL)
(SL)
RD-108A,
14Д21 		NPO Energomash Soyuz-FG, -2 Active 2nd RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [12]
(SL)
(SL)
RD-861K Pivdenne/Pivdenmash Cyclone-4M Development 2nd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator [13]
TEPREL-C PLD Space Miura 5 Development 1st, 2nd RP-1 / LOX Gas-generator (SL)
TQ-12[14] Landspace ZQ-2 Active 1st CH4 / LOX Gas generator (SL)
Vikas (rocket engine) LPSC PSLV, GSLV, GSLV Mk III Active 2nd, main, booster N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator –804,500
–756,500 (SL) 		–58.5
Vulcain 2.1 Snecma Ariane 6 Active 1st LH2 / LOX Gas generator
YF-21B AALPT Long March 2E, 2F, 3 Active Booster, 1st N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator  (SL)[15]  (SL)[16]
YF-21C AALPT Long March 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4C Active 1st N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator  (SL)[17]  (SL)[18]
YF-25 AALPT Long March 3B, 3C Active Booster N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator  (SL)[19]  (SL)[20]
YF-22B AALPT Long March 2E, 2F Active 2nd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator [21]
YF-22C AALPT Long March 2C, 2D, 4B, 4C Active 2nd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator [22]
YF-22D AALPT Long March 3 Active 2nd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator [23]
YF-22E AALPT Long March 3A, 3B, 3C Active 2nd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator [24]
YF-40 AALPT Long March 4B, 4C Active 3rd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator
YF-73 AALPT Long March 3 Active 3rd LH2 / LOX Gas generator
YF-75 AALPT Long March 3A, 3B, 3C Active 3rd LH2 / LOX Gas generator [25]
YF-77 AALPT Long March 5 Active 1st LH2 / LOX Gas generator
(SL)
(SL)
Aeon 1 Relativity Space Terran 1 Retired 1st CH4 / LOX Gas generator (SL)[26]
Aeon 1 Vacuum Relativity Space Terran 1 Retired 2nd CH4 / LOX Gas generator (SL)[27]
Aestus II Airbus Defence and Space Ariane 5 Retired Upper N2O4 / MMH Gas generator [28]
F-1 Rocketdyne Saturn V Retired 1st RP-1 / LOX Gas generator
(SL)
(SL)
F-1A[29] Rocketdyne Saturn MLV Cancelled 1st RP-1 / LOX Gas generator
(SL)
(SL)
HM-7A Snecma Ariane 1 Retired 3rd LH2 / LOX Gas generator [30]
(SL)
HM-7B Snecma Ariane 2, 3, 4, 5 ECA Retired Upper LH2 / LOX Gas generator [31]
(SL)[32] 		[33]
(SL)[34] 		[35] [36]
J-2 Rocketdyne Saturn V, IB Retired 2nd, 3rd LH2 / LOX Gas generator [37]
(SL)
(SL)
J-2X Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Ares I, Ares V, SLS (proposed) Tested, Cancelled Upper LH2 / LOX Gas generator [38] –4.5
LE-5 Mitsubishi, NASDA H-I Retired Upper LH2 / LOX Gas generator [39]
M-1 Aerojet Cancelled 1st, 2nd? LH2 / LOX Gas generator (SL)
Merlin 1C SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.0 Retired 1st RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [40]
(SL)[41]
Merlin Vacuum 1C SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.0 Retired 2nd RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [42] [43]
NewtonThree Virgin Orbit LauncherOne Retired Booster RP-1 / LOX Gas generator[44] [45] 70
NewtonFour Virgin Orbit LauncherOne Retired 2nd RP-1 / LOX Gas generator[46] [47]
RD-117
11Д511 		NPO Energomash Soyuz-U Retired 1st RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [48]
(SL)
(SL)
RD-118
11Д512 		NPO Energomash Soyuz-U Retired 2nd RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [49]
(SL)
(SL)
RD-854
8D612 		Pivdenne/Pivdenmash R-36ORB Retired 3rd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator
RD-855
8D68M 		Pivdenne/Pivdenmash Tsyklon-2, -3, R-36 Retired 1st vernier N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator
RD-856
8D69M 		Pivdenne/Pivdenmash Tsyklon-2, -3 (-4), R-36 Retired 2nd vernier N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator
RD-861
11D25 		Pivdenne/Pivdenmash Tsyklon-2, -3 Retired 3rd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator
RD-864
15D177 		Pivdenne/Pivdenmash R-36 (missile), Dnipro Retired 3rd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator 298–309 8,450–20,200 17–41
RD-869
15D300 		Pivdenne/Pivdenmash R-36M Retired 3rd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator 302.3–313 8,580–20,470 17–41
RS-27A Rocketdyne Delta Retired 1st RP-1 / LOX Gas generator [50]
(SL)
RS-68A Rocketdyne Delta IV, IV Heavy Retired 1st LH2 / LOX Gas generator [51]
(SL)
(SL)
Viking 2 Snecma Ariane 1 Retired 1st N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator
(SL)
Viking 2B Snecma Ariane 2, 3 Retired 1st N2O4 / UH 25 Gas generator (SL)
Viking 4 Snecma Ariane 1 Retired 2nd N2O4 / UDMH Gas generator
Viking 4B Snecma Ariane 2, 3, 4 Retired 2nd N2O4 / UH 25 Gas generator
Viking 5C Snecma Ariane 4 Retired 1st N2O4 / UH 25 Gas generator
(SL)
Viking 6 Snecma Ariane 4 Retired Booster N2O4 / UH 25 Gas generator
Vulcain
HM-60 		Snecma Ariane 5 Retired 1st LH2 / LOX Gas generator [52]
(SL)[53] 		[54]
(SL)[55] 		[56] [57]
Vulcain 2 Snecma Ariane 5 Retired 1st LH2 / LOX Gas generator [58]
(SL)[59] 		[60]
(SL)[61] 		[62] [63]

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ↑ RD-107. Encyclopedia Astronautica.
  2. ↑ F-1 Engine Fact Sheet.
  3. ↑ RS1. ABL.
  4. ↑ RS1. ABL.
  5. ↑ Merlin 1D. SpaceX.
  6. ↑ Merlin 1D. SpaceX.
  7. ↑ Evolution of the SpaceX Merlin engine. www.b14643.de.
  8. ↑ Merlin 1D. SpaceX.
  9. ↑ SpaceX Falcon 9 Product Page.
  10. ↑ SpaceX. SpaceX.
  11. ↑ RD-107A and RD-108A. NPO Energomash.
  12. ↑ RD-107A and RD-108A. NPO Energomash.
  13. ↑ RD-861K. www.yuzhnoye.com.
  14. ↑ “天鹊”80吨液氧甲烷发动机100%推力100秒试车圆满成功
  15. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  16. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  17. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  18. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  19. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  20. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  21. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  22. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  23. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  24. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  25. ↑ LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle User's Manual. Issue 2011. CASC. 2011. hlm. 2–4.
  26. ↑ Terran 1 Technical Specifications. Relativity.
  27. ↑ Terran 1 Technical Specifications. Relativity.
  28. ↑ Aestus Rocket Engine. Airbus Defence and Space.
  29. ↑ Alternate Propulsion Subsystem Concepts NAS8-39210 DCN 1-1-PP-02147
  30. ↑ Mark Wade. HM7-A.
  31. ↑ HM-7 and HM-7B Rocket Engine - Thrust Chamber. Airbus Defence and Space.
  32. ↑ Mark Wade. HM7-B.
  33. ↑ HM-7 and HM-7B Rocket Engine - Thrust Chamber. Airbus Defence and Space.
  34. ↑ Mark Wade. HM7-B.
  35. ↑ HM-7 and HM-7B Rocket Engine - Thrust Chamber. Airbus Defence and Space.
  36. ↑ HM-7 and HM-7B Rocket Engine - Thrust Chamber. Airbus Defence and Space.
  37. ↑ Mark Wade. J-2.
  38. ↑ J-2X Engine. Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne.
  39. ↑ LE-5.
  40. ↑ Merlin section of Falcon 9 page. SpaceX.
  41. ↑ Merlin section of Falcon 9 page. SpaceX.
  42. ↑ Falcon 9 Space Launch Report. SpaceLaunchReport.
  43. ↑ Falcon 9 Space Launch Report. SpaceLaunchReport.
  44. ↑ Scott R. Sargent. 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. 2016. doi:10.2514/6.2016-4984. ISBN 978-1-62410-406-0.
  45. ↑ LauncherOne Service Guide.
  46. ↑ Scott R. Sargent. 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. 2016. doi:10.2514/6.2016-4984. ISBN 978-1-62410-406-0.
  47. ↑ LauncherOne Service Guide.
  48. ↑ RD-117. Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.
  49. ↑ RD-117. Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.
  50. ↑ RS-27A.
  51. ↑ RS-68A. www.rocket.com.
  52. ↑ Vulcain Astrium. Airbus Defence and Space.
  53. ↑ Vulcain.
  54. ↑ Vulcain Astrium. Airbus Defence and Space.
  55. ↑ Vulcain.
  56. ↑ Vulcain Astrium. Airbus Defence and Space.
  57. ↑ Vulcain.
  58. ↑ Vulcain Astrium. Airbus Defence and Space.
  59. ↑ Vulcain 2.
  60. ↑ Vulcain Astrium. Airbus Defence and Space.
  61. ↑ Vulcain 2.
  62. ↑ Vulcain Astrium. Airbus Defence and Space.
  63. ↑ Vulcain Astrium. Airbus Defence and Space.

Sumber dan atribusi

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